US3750407A - Tunnel construction method - Google Patents
Tunnel construction method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3750407A US3750407A US00148790A US3750407DA US3750407A US 3750407 A US3750407 A US 3750407A US 00148790 A US00148790 A US 00148790A US 3750407D A US3750407D A US 3750407DA US 3750407 A US3750407 A US 3750407A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- tunnel
- sleeves
- internal elements
- expandable
- wall
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title description 11
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000125258 Scandix pecten-veneris Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000010420 art technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001311 chemical methods and process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/15—Plate linings; Laggings, i.e. linings designed for holding back formation material or for transmitting the load to main supporting members
- E21D11/157—Laggings making use of fluid cushions, e.g. the fluid containing a hardenable material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
Definitions
- This invention broadly relates to the construction field, and, more specifically, is directed to a new and improved method of constructing tunnels, wherein the tunnel is excavated and driven ahead in conventional manner, and the tunnel is continuously braced and lined.
- a primary object of the instant invention is to provide a novel method of building tunnels which satisfies the existing need in the art and is not associated with the aforementioned drawbacks.
- Another and more specific object of the instant invention relates to a novel method of building tunnels in a much simpler and faster manner, also reducing the cost of the construction work.
- Still a further significant object of the present invention relates to a novel tunnel work construction technique wherein load-carrying internal elements are installed in the tunnel as it isexcavated, and for the purpose of providing a pressure transmitting support inflatable or expandable body members are disposed between and in contact with the tunnel wall and the confronting surfaces of the internal elements.
- Yet a further significant object of the present invention relates to a novel method of shoring-up a tunnel wall during excavation in a much simpler and more rapid and economical fashion than was heretofore possible when employing conventional tunnel construction techniques, while still allowing for tunnel drainage in a very simple and efficient manner.
- FIG. I is a schematic cross-sectional view through a tunnel structure formed in accordance with the inventive method
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view through a tunnel wall which has been lined, and taken substantially along the line II-Il of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 is a modified showing in horizontal crosssectional view of a tunnel wall, similar to the sectional view of FIG. 2;
- FIG. s is a fragmentary transverse sectional view of a tunnel, depicting filling of the hardenable filler material into the expandable sleeve members which have been inflated by air.
- FIG. 1 there is shown a cross-sectional view of a tunnel structure wherein the tunnel 11 which has just been excavated from rock or stone for instance, has been lined with load-bearing internal elements 2 and by intermediately disposing between the wall of the tunnel I and these internal elements 2 inflatable or expandable body members 3 the tunnel wall has been positively braced.
- the tunnel structure is built in such a way that initially the actual tunnel 1 is excavated or broken out, and then as excavation proceeds the load-supporting or load-bearing internal elements 2 are installed, and between the wall of the tunnel 1 and the outside surface of these load-supporting elements 2 there are placed the expandable sleeve members 3 formed of any suitable flexible material.
- the invention contemplates fixedly attaching the expandable sleeve members 3 to the pre-fabricated internal elements 2 at the outside surface thereof, namely the surface intended to confront the tunnel wall, prior to the time that these internal elements 2 are actually mounted into the tunnel.
- the sleeve members 3 are then inflated with compressed air, for instance at a pressure of4 atmospheres, in order to attain in this manner a provisional shoringup or bracing of the tunnel upon the load-bearing elements 2. Owing to the flexibility of the sleeves 3 such are capable of readily accommodating themselves to any existing irregularities of the tunnel wall, in other words when the expandable sleeves are inflated they can snugly bear against the wall of the tunnel.
- FIGS. 2 and 3 there have been shown respective horizontal sectional views through a tunnel wall 1 which has been lined and supported in the abovedescribed manner.
- At each internal element 2 there can be arranged one or more of the aforedescribed sleeve members 3.
- sleeve members 3 At each internal element 2 there can be arranged one or more of the aforedescribed sleeve members 3.
- PK 3 two or more such sleeve members 3 can be provided for each internal element 2.
- a suitable protective layer or protective foil can be additionally covered with a suitable protective layer or protective foil.
- FIG. 4 illustrates the manner in which the sleeve members 3 which have initially been filled with air can be subsequently filled with a hardenable material mass, for instance fine concrete or cement mortar, through the agency of a suitable connection 4. It is advantageous if the hardenable filling is introduced into the sleeve members 3 from below towards the top thereof in order to achieve a complete filling'of the interior of these sleeve members.
- the hardenable filler is pumped from a supply container 5 into the sleeves 3, the connection or filling studs 4 extending, for instance, through a bore or opening of the corresponding internal element into the interior of the tunnel tubbing.
- valve 6 which is advantageously adjustable, and by means of which the intially introduced air can escape as the filling of such sleeve member with hardenable material proceeds, for instance while maintaining an adjustable pressure.
- the valve 6 can also simultaneously function as a control for filling of the sleeve member 3, in other words as an overflow control.
- expandable sleeve members extend in the direction of the height of the tunnel, they could also run in the direction of the length of the tunnel. It is not critical to the concepts of the invention in which direction the sleeve members extend. Basically, it is also conceivable to use, instead of expandable sleeve members or hoses, different types of fillable body elements which can be, for instance, expanded and strengthened by a chemical technique.
- An advantage of the above-described method resides in the fact that after installation of the internal support or internal lining which is required in each instance, it is possible to very rapidly achieve a provisional support and sealing of the tunnel by expanding the fillable body members, and which when using these expandable or inflatable sleeves can be attained in a very simple manner, and by filling such with the hardenable material these sleeves can provide a final support and scaling for the tunnel.
- the channels or troughs schematically indicated by reference numeral 8 in FIGS. 2 and 3, required for the pressureless withdrawal of the water, so that in this regard it is not necessary to resort to any further special measures.
- the shape of the sleeves as well as their spacing from one another can be conveniently chosen in accordance with the encountered requirements.
- a method of building a tunnel which comprises the steps of:
- expandable body members comprised of expandable sleeves formed of flexible material between the wall of the tunnel and the surface of the internal elements facing such tunnel wall;
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Abstract
A method of constructing tunnels wherein a tunnel is excavated, braced and lined. The invention contemplates that as excavation of the tunnel proceeds load-carrying internal elements are installed within the tunnel, and expandable body members are arranged between the tunnel wall and the surfaces of the internal elements confronting the tunnel wall. These expandable body members are then brought to bear against the tunnel wall and the internal elements in order to form a pressure- or forcetransmitting support.
Description
Heierli et al.
[ 1 Aug.'7, 1973 TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION METHOD 9/1951 Kieser 61/45 R 3,131,541 51964 G th' ..6145 R [76] Inventors: Werner HeIerh, Culmannstrasse 56, 3334.162 8;]967 r gf al. R lunch, Rudolf Amberg, 3,396,545 8/1968 Lamberton 61/45 R Churfirstenstrasse 1056, g 3,492,823 2/1970 Lamberton 61/35 both of Switzerland 3,524,320 8/1970 Turzillo 61/45 R [22] Flled: June 1971 Primary Examiner-Dennis L. Taylor [21] App]. No.: 148,790 Attorney-Ostrolenk, Faber, Gerb & Soffen [30] Foreign Application Priority Data [57] ABSTRACT J ne 12' 1970 Swimfland 8940/70 A method of constructing tunnels wherein a tunnel is excavated, braced and lined. The invention contem- 1521 us. (:1. 61/42, 61/45 R plates that 89 excavation of the tunnel Proceeds load- 5 1 1 n 5 00 50 5 5 carrying internal elements are installed within the tun- [58] Field 61 Search 61/45 R, 42, 4s 1, and expandable y members are arranged 51 35 33 tween the tunnel wall and the surfaces of the internal elements confronting the tunnel wall. These expand- 5 1 References m able body members are then brought to bear against UNITED STATES PATENTS the tunnel wall and the internal elements in order to 3,509,725 5 1970 Schnabel 61/45 R form a pressure' or force'transmmmg support 2,328,779 9/1943 Bonnell 61/45 R 8 Claims, 4 Drawing Figures I m A I. 0 4 I n a U l o a I v 0 J I M f '9 1 Y a 0 ,0 N I i f, t 0 i 0 \t\ I a? a 5L A q I) u e t 9/ PATENTED W3 7 INVENTORS WERNER HE] ERLI BY QUDOLF QMBERG OStrQIenk, l osencebbi'sorren QTTORNEYS l TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION METHOD BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention broadly relates to the construction field, and, more specifically, is directed to a new and improved method of constructing tunnels, wherein the tunnel is excavated and driven ahead in conventional manner, and the tunnel is continuously braced and lined.
Conventional tunnel construction techniques used at the present time require provisional bracing of the tunnel wall, whether such be formed of rock or loose stones, directly after excavation. The bracing of the walls of the tunnel can be accomplished, for instance, by using reinforced anchors, injection concrete, and similar construction techniques. Thereafter, dewatering or draining of the tunnel is performed, and finally load-carrying internal elements, for instanced so-called tubbings or casings, are installed. Concrete is then filled into the gap between the tunnel wall and the outside surface of the interal elements. Naturally, measures must be taken to ensure for pressureless withdrawal of the water.
This prior art tunnel work technique is extremely time-consuming and therefore, of course, also correspondingly expensive.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The tunnel building industry therefore is still in need of a tunnel construction technique which is not associated with the aforementioned drawbacks of the abovedescribed prior art procedures. Hence, a primary object of the instant invention is to provide a novel method of building tunnels which satisfies the existing need in the art and is not associated with the aforementioned drawbacks.
Another and more specific object of the instant invention relates to a novel method of building tunnels in a much simpler and faster manner, also reducing the cost of the construction work.
Still a further significant object of the present invention relates to a novel tunnel work construction technique wherein load-carrying internal elements are installed in the tunnel as it isexcavated, and for the purpose of providing a pressure transmitting support inflatable or expandable body members are disposed between and in contact with the tunnel wall and the confronting surfaces of the internal elements.
Yet a further significant object of the present invention relates to a novel method of shoring-up a tunnel wall during excavation in a much simpler and more rapid and economical fashion than was heretofore possible when employing conventional tunnel construction techniques, while still allowing for tunnel drainage in a very simple and efficient manner.
Now the method of the invention which fulfills the above-mentioned objectives, as well as others which willbe more apparent as the description proceeds, and especially affords a considerable simplification and reduction in the expense of tunnel construction work, contemplates that load-carrying internal elements are installed in the tunnel as it is continuously excavated. Between the tunnel wall and the surfaces of the internal elements confronting such tunnel well there are placed inflatable or expandable body members, and for the purpose of providing a pressure-transmitting support these body members are placed into bearing contact with the tunnel wall and the internal elements.
It is particularly advantageous to employ inflatable or expandable sleeves formed of a felxible material as the body members which are then placed between the tunnel wall and the internal elements. In order to provide a provisional support for the tunnel these sleeves are expanded or inflated, and thereafter such sleeves are filled with a hardenable material, as will be more fully explained shortly.
By resorting to the use of the method of the invention it is possible to immediately brace or shore-up the tunnel after it has been excavated, and specifically by installing load-carrying internal elements, for instance the tubbings or casings, andthen by expanding the intermediate body members described above it is possible to provide a pressure-transmitting support between the tunnel wall and the internal elements. This support initially can be formed provisionally, for instance by expanding or inflating the sleeves. The permanent support can then be provided by filling the sleeves with the hardenable material, for instance fine concrete or cement mortar, just to mention a few possibilities. These intermediate body members, located between the internal elements and the tunnel wall, especially if designed as expandable sleeves formed of flexible material, have the tendency of extraordinarily accommodating themselves to possible irregularities at the tunnel wall. Channels or troughs automatically appear between successive juxtapositioned expanded or inflated intermediate bodies, these channels or troughs enabling the pressureless withdrawal of water into the canalization or sewer system.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING The invention will be better understood and objects other than those set forth above will become apparent when consideration is given to the following detailed description thereof. Such description makes reference to the annexed drawing wherein:
FIG. I is a schematic cross-sectional view through a tunnel structure formed in accordance with the inventive method;
FIG. 2 is a sectional view through a tunnel wall which has been lined, and taken substantially along the line II-Il of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a modified showing in horizontal crosssectional view of a tunnel wall, similar to the sectional view of FIG. 2; and
FIG. s is a fragmentary transverse sectional view of a tunnel, depicting filling of the hardenable filler material into the expandable sleeve members which have been inflated by air.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Referring now to the drawings, in connection therewith there will be described the inventive method of building tunnel structures which provide suitable simplification and economy over the heretofore discussed prior art techniques. Now referring initially to FIG. I,
. there is shown a cross-sectional view of a tunnel structure wherein the tunnel 11 which has just been excavated from rock or stone for instance, has been lined with load-bearing internal elements 2 and by intermediately disposing between the wall of the tunnel I and these internal elements 2 inflatable or expandable body members 3 the tunnel wall has been positively braced.
The tunnel structure is built in such a way that initially the actual tunnel 1 is excavated or broken out, and then as excavation proceeds the load-supporting or load-bearing internal elements 2 are installed, and between the wall of the tunnel 1 and the outside surface of these load-supporting elements 2 there are placed the expandable sleeve members 3 formed of any suitable flexible material. The invention contemplates fixedly attaching the expandable sleeve members 3 to the pre-fabricated internal elements 2 at the outside surface thereof, namely the surface intended to confront the tunnel wall, prior to the time that these internal elements 2 are actually mounted into the tunnel. The sleeve members 3 are then inflated with compressed air, for instance at a pressure of4 atmospheres, in order to attain in this manner a provisional shoringup or bracing of the tunnel upon the load-bearing elements 2. Owing to the flexibility of the sleeves 3 such are capable of readily accommodating themselves to any existing irregularities of the tunnel wall, in other words when the expandable sleeves are inflated they can snugly bear against the wall of the tunnel.
in FIGS. 2 and 3 there have been shown respective horizontal sectional views through a tunnel wall 1 which has been lined and supported in the abovedescribed manner. At each internal element 2 there can be arranged one or more of the aforedescribed sleeve members 3. Thus, for instance, with the arrangement of FIG. 2 one such sleeve member 3 is provided for each internal element 2, while in the arrangement of PK 3 two or more such sleeve members 3 can be provided for each internal element 2. Depending upon the material from which the sleeve members 3 are formed such can be additionally covered with a suitable protective layer or protective foil.
FIG. 4 illustrates the manner in which the sleeve members 3 which have initially been filled with air can be subsequently filled with a hardenable material mass, for instance fine concrete or cement mortar, through the agency of a suitable connection 4. It is advantageous if the hardenable filling is introduced into the sleeve members 3 from below towards the top thereof in order to achieve a complete filling'of the interior of these sleeve members. The hardenable filler is pumped from a supply container 5 into the sleeves 3, the connection or filling studs 4 extending, for instance, through a bore or opening of the corresponding internal element into the interior of the tunnel tubbing. At the upper end of the sleeve member 3 there is located a valve 6 which is advantageously adjustable, and by means of which the intially introduced air can escape as the filling of such sleeve member with hardenable material proceeds, for instance while maintaining an adjustable pressure. The valve 6 can also simultaneously function as a control for filling of the sleeve member 3, in other words as an overflow control.
Naturally, it would also be possible to flowcommunicate a number of sleeve members with one another, so that they could be filled while using a single inlet with air or the hardenable material.
Instead of having the expandable sleeve members extend in the direction of the height of the tunnel, they could also run in the direction of the length of the tunnel. It is not critical to the concepts of the invention in which direction the sleeve members extend. Basically, it is also conceivable to use, instead of expandable sleeve members or hoses, different types of fillable body elements which can be, for instance, expanded and strengthened by a chemical technique.
An advantage of the above-described method resides in the fact that after installation of the internal support or internal lining which is required in each instance, it is possible to very rapidly achieve a provisional support and sealing of the tunnel by expanding the fillable body members, and which when using these expandable or inflatable sleeves can be attained in a very simple manner, and by filling such with the hardenable material these sleeves can provide a final support and scaling for the tunnel.
When using the proposed expandable or inflatable sleeves there are formed the channels or troughs, schematically indicated by reference numeral 8 in FIGS. 2 and 3, required for the pressureless withdrawal of the water, so that in this regard it is not necessary to resort to any further special measures. The shape of the sleeves as well as their spacing from one another can be conveniently chosen in accordance with the encountered requirements.
While there is shown and described present preferred emobdiments of the invention, it is to be distinctly understood that the invention is not limited thereto but may be otherwise variously embodied and practiced within the scope of the following claims.
What is claimed is:
l. A method of building a tunnel, which comprises the steps of:
a. excavating a tunnel and as excavation proceeds installing load-bearing internal elements at the tunnel;
b. arranging expandable body members comprised of expandable sleeves formed of flexible material between the wall of the tunnel and the surface of the internal elements facing such tunnel wall; and
c. bringing the body members into bearing contact against the tunnel wall and the internal elements for the purpose of forming a pressure-transmitting support through inflating the expandable sleeves in order to provide a provisional support, and thereafter filling such sleeves with a hardenable material.
2. The method as defined in claim 1, including the step of fixing the expandable sleeves to the rear surface of the internal elements intended to confront the tunnel wall prior to the time that the internal elements are installed in the tunnel.
3. The method as defined in claim 1, including the step of at least partially evacuating the expandable sleeves prior to filling such with the hardenable material.
4. The method as defined in claim 1, wherein the expandable sleeves are initially inflated with air, and further wherein a predetermined pressure is maintained in such sleeves until hardening of the filled material.
5. The method as defined in claim 1, including the step of using as the hardenable material fine concrete.
6. The method as defined in claim 1. including the step of using as the hardenable material cement mortar.
7. The method as defined in claim I, wherein the expandable sleeves are filled with the hardenable material from the bottom towards the top thereof.
8. The method as defined in claim 1, wherein an elastically or plastically deformable filling material is used for providing a flexible support.
1 i I! i i
Claims (8)
1. A method of building a tunnel, which comprises the steps of: a. excavating a tunnel and as excavation proceeds installing load-bearing internal elements at the tunnel; b. arranging expandable body members comprised of expandable sleeves formed of flexible material between the wall of the tunnel and the surface of the internal elements facing such tunnel wall; and c. bringing the body members into bearing contact against the tunnel wall and the internal elements for the purpose of forming a pressure-transmitting support through inflating the expandable sleeves in order to provide a provisional support, and thereafter filling such sleeves with a hardenable material.
2. The method as defined in claim 1, including the step of fixing the expandable sleeves to the rear surface of the internal elements intended to confront the tunnel wall prior to the time that the internal elements are installed in the tunnel.
3. The method as defined in claim 1, including the step of at least partially evacuating the expandable sleeves prior to filling such with the hardenable material.
4. The method as defined in claim 1, wherein the expandable sleeves are initially inflated with air, and further wherein a predetermined pressure is maintained in such sleeves until hardening of the filled material.
5. The method as defined in claim 1, including the step of using as the hardenable material fine concrete.
6. The method as defined in claim 1, including the step of using as the hardenable material cement mortar.
7. The method as defined in claim 1, wherein the expandable sleeves are filled with the hardenable material from the bottom towards the top thereof.
8. The method as defined in claim 1, wherein an elastically or plastically deformable filling material is used for providing a flexible support.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH894070A CH514036A (en) | 1970-06-12 | 1970-06-12 | Tunneling method |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3750407A true US3750407A (en) | 1973-08-07 |
Family
ID=4346527
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US00148790A Expired - Lifetime US3750407A (en) | 1970-06-12 | 1971-06-01 | Tunnel construction method |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3750407A (en) |
CH (1) | CH514036A (en) |
DE (1) | DE2103760A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2096227A5 (en) |
Cited By (22)
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US3864921A (en) * | 1972-03-07 | 1975-02-11 | Karl Marx | Method and apparatus for lining the walls of excavations |
US3882684A (en) * | 1973-09-12 | 1975-05-13 | Bergwerksverband Gmbh | Two-compartment cartridge adapted for use in strengthening coal or stone walls |
US4036024A (en) * | 1974-06-12 | 1977-07-19 | Bergwerksverband Gmbh | Device for closing off a mine gallery especially for use to prevent spreading of underground explosions |
US4102138A (en) * | 1974-06-12 | 1978-07-25 | Bergwerksverband Gmbh | Method for closing off a mine gallery especially for use to prevent spreading of underground explosions |
US4124985A (en) * | 1977-09-28 | 1978-11-14 | Lembit Maimets | Collapsible tunnel liner section and method of lining a tunnel |
USRE30929E (en) * | 1977-09-28 | 1982-05-11 | Collapsible tunnel liner section and method of lining a tunnel | |
US4465405A (en) * | 1981-04-29 | 1984-08-14 | Gtg Gesteins- Und Tiefbau Gmbh | Method and device for the backfilling of roadway supports in mine and tunnel construction with the aid of support hoses having a hardening filler |
US20030145530A1 (en) * | 2000-06-28 | 2003-08-07 | Cintec International Limited | Shelter |
US6719492B1 (en) | 2002-03-22 | 2004-04-13 | Bebotech Corporation | Top arch overfilled system |
US6988337B1 (en) | 2002-03-22 | 2006-01-24 | Bebotech Corporation | Means and method for constructing a fully precast top arch overfilled system |
US7305798B1 (en) | 2002-04-25 | 2007-12-11 | Bebo Of America | Composite overfilled arch system |
US20080295445A1 (en) * | 2005-01-20 | 2008-12-04 | Cintec International Limited | Blast Protection Structures |
US20140050531A1 (en) * | 2012-08-17 | 2014-02-20 | Ric-Man Construction, Inc. | Shaft construction in the earth and method thereof |
US20140125801A1 (en) * | 2012-03-16 | 2014-05-08 | Tongji University | On-line tunnel deformation monitoring system based on image analysis and its application |
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ES2660055A1 (en) * | 2017-10-10 | 2018-03-20 | Universidad Politécnica de Madrid | INFLATABLE FORMING-MACHINING SYSTEM FOR EXECUTION OF CONCRETE ELEMENTS AND PROCEDURE FOR EXECUTING A CONCRETE ELEMENT (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
CN108952759A (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2018-12-07 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of tunnel lining structure and construction method using concrete filled steel tube and superimposed sheet |
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CH554460A (en) * | 1972-07-25 | 1974-09-30 | Sarnen Kunststoff Ag | SEALING STRUCTURES, CONTAINERS OR TERRAIN AGAINST WATER AND PROCESSES FOR THEIR PRODUCTION. |
DE2646334C2 (en) * | 1976-10-14 | 1984-11-15 | Eisenhütte Prinz Rudolph, Zweigniederlassung der Salzgitter Maschinen und Anlagen AG, 4408 Dülmen | Wire warping mat for routes in mining and tunnel construction to create a connection between the extension and the surrounding mountains made of hardening backfill material |
AT362738B (en) * | 1978-01-07 | 1981-06-10 | Kalk Chemische Fabrik Gmbh | PLASTIC HOSES FOR FILLING CAVES BETWEEN MOUNTAINS AND EXTENSION IN MOUNTAIN AND TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION AND METHOD FOR PUTTING PLASTIC HOSES IN TUBES OR. TUNNELS |
FR2422816A1 (en) * | 1978-04-14 | 1979-11-09 | Merckle Guy | Mine gallery temporary support system - uses pressurised compartmented envelope and supports, with pressure medium replaced later by solid material |
DE2923016C2 (en) * | 1979-06-07 | 1986-10-09 | Ruhrkohle Ag, 4300 Essen | Composition consisting of flexible shells that can be connected to one another and filled with material capable of binding to fill in cavities, in particular cavities in mining |
DE3202859C2 (en) * | 1982-01-29 | 1986-01-23 | Klöckner-Becorit GmbH, 4620 Castrop-Rauxel | Track expansion, especially for pits |
FR2555657B1 (en) * | 1983-11-24 | 1987-10-30 | Genie Civil Coordination Et | SUPPORT SYSTEM THAT CAN BE USED IN UNDERGROUND WORKS AS A COMPLEMENT FOR FRAMES, HANGERS, METALLIC ETCS OR THE LIKE FOR EFFICIENTLY LOCKING THE GROUND ON THE WHOLE PERIPHERY WITH THE USE OF SLEEVES IN WATER-FILLED FABRIC SLIDED FOR THIS PURPOSE |
EP0203242A1 (en) * | 1985-05-30 | 1986-12-03 | M.I.G.E.C. | Method and device for continuously lining a subway |
DE3523869C1 (en) * | 1985-07-04 | 1986-09-25 | Ruhrkohle Ag, 4300 Essen | Roadway support system, consisting of flexible tubes which can be filled with setting construction materials |
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US2328779A (en) * | 1940-10-23 | 1943-09-07 | Northwestern Terra Cotta Corp | Wall construction |
US2568010A (en) * | 1943-07-27 | 1951-09-18 | Kieser Alois | Process for the production of a lining for pressure galleries and shafts |
US3131541A (en) * | 1960-08-22 | 1964-05-05 | James E Guthrie | System for relieving buried conduits of excessive pressure |
US3334162A (en) * | 1963-08-23 | 1967-08-01 | Lauffer Harald | Process and apparatus for lining pressure galleries |
US3396545A (en) * | 1965-04-07 | 1968-08-13 | Tech Inc Const | Method of forming concrete bodies |
US3492823A (en) * | 1967-03-30 | 1970-02-03 | Tech Inc Const | Method and apparatus for forming elongated hardened concrete bodies by pressure grouting |
US3509725A (en) * | 1968-08-12 | 1970-05-05 | Harry Schnabel Jr | Method and structure for reinforcing tunnels |
US3524320A (en) * | 1967-01-23 | 1970-08-18 | Lee A Turzillo | Method of protecting areas of an earth situs against scour |
-
1970
- 1970-06-12 CH CH894070A patent/CH514036A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1971
- 1971-01-27 DE DE19712103760 patent/DE2103760A1/en active Pending
- 1971-06-01 US US00148790A patent/US3750407A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1971-06-11 FR FR7121240A patent/FR2096227A5/fr not_active Expired
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US2328779A (en) * | 1940-10-23 | 1943-09-07 | Northwestern Terra Cotta Corp | Wall construction |
US2568010A (en) * | 1943-07-27 | 1951-09-18 | Kieser Alois | Process for the production of a lining for pressure galleries and shafts |
US3131541A (en) * | 1960-08-22 | 1964-05-05 | James E Guthrie | System for relieving buried conduits of excessive pressure |
US3334162A (en) * | 1963-08-23 | 1967-08-01 | Lauffer Harald | Process and apparatus for lining pressure galleries |
US3396545A (en) * | 1965-04-07 | 1968-08-13 | Tech Inc Const | Method of forming concrete bodies |
US3524320A (en) * | 1967-01-23 | 1970-08-18 | Lee A Turzillo | Method of protecting areas of an earth situs against scour |
US3492823A (en) * | 1967-03-30 | 1970-02-03 | Tech Inc Const | Method and apparatus for forming elongated hardened concrete bodies by pressure grouting |
US3509725A (en) * | 1968-08-12 | 1970-05-05 | Harry Schnabel Jr | Method and structure for reinforcing tunnels |
Cited By (25)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3864921A (en) * | 1972-03-07 | 1975-02-11 | Karl Marx | Method and apparatus for lining the walls of excavations |
US3882684A (en) * | 1973-09-12 | 1975-05-13 | Bergwerksverband Gmbh | Two-compartment cartridge adapted for use in strengthening coal or stone walls |
US4036024A (en) * | 1974-06-12 | 1977-07-19 | Bergwerksverband Gmbh | Device for closing off a mine gallery especially for use to prevent spreading of underground explosions |
US4102138A (en) * | 1974-06-12 | 1978-07-25 | Bergwerksverband Gmbh | Method for closing off a mine gallery especially for use to prevent spreading of underground explosions |
US4124985A (en) * | 1977-09-28 | 1978-11-14 | Lembit Maimets | Collapsible tunnel liner section and method of lining a tunnel |
USRE30929E (en) * | 1977-09-28 | 1982-05-11 | Collapsible tunnel liner section and method of lining a tunnel | |
US4465405A (en) * | 1981-04-29 | 1984-08-14 | Gtg Gesteins- Und Tiefbau Gmbh | Method and device for the backfilling of roadway supports in mine and tunnel construction with the aid of support hoses having a hardening filler |
US20030145530A1 (en) * | 2000-06-28 | 2003-08-07 | Cintec International Limited | Shelter |
US6719492B1 (en) | 2002-03-22 | 2004-04-13 | Bebotech Corporation | Top arch overfilled system |
US6922950B2 (en) | 2002-03-22 | 2005-08-02 | Bebotech Corporation | Top arch overfilled system |
US6988337B1 (en) | 2002-03-22 | 2006-01-24 | Bebotech Corporation | Means and method for constructing a fully precast top arch overfilled system |
US7305798B1 (en) | 2002-04-25 | 2007-12-11 | Bebo Of America | Composite overfilled arch system |
US20080295445A1 (en) * | 2005-01-20 | 2008-12-04 | Cintec International Limited | Blast Protection Structures |
US20140125801A1 (en) * | 2012-03-16 | 2014-05-08 | Tongji University | On-line tunnel deformation monitoring system based on image analysis and its application |
US20140050531A1 (en) * | 2012-08-17 | 2014-02-20 | Ric-Man Construction, Inc. | Shaft construction in the earth and method thereof |
US9255476B2 (en) * | 2012-08-17 | 2016-02-09 | Ric-Man Construction, Inc. | Shaft construction in the earth and method thereof |
ES2525885A1 (en) * | 2013-06-26 | 2014-12-30 | Concreta Desarrollo S.L. | Relief valve for the pumping of concrete in formwork molds (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
CN104533451A (en) * | 2014-12-05 | 2015-04-22 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Tunnel advance pre-supporting technology used in discrete gravelly soil and broken surrounding rock |
ES2660055A1 (en) * | 2017-10-10 | 2018-03-20 | Universidad Politécnica de Madrid | INFLATABLE FORMING-MACHINING SYSTEM FOR EXECUTION OF CONCRETE ELEMENTS AND PROCEDURE FOR EXECUTING A CONCRETE ELEMENT (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
CN108952759A (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2018-12-07 | 昆明理工大学 | A kind of tunnel lining structure and construction method using concrete filled steel tube and superimposed sheet |
CN109578012A (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-04-05 | 天地科技股份有限公司 | A kind of roadway support structure and method |
US11174730B2 (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2021-11-16 | Southwest Jiaotong University | Frost-resistant assembled initial support structure of tunnel and construction method thereof |
CN112240214A (en) * | 2020-10-10 | 2021-01-19 | 重庆交通建设(集团)有限责任公司 | Soft rock tunnel primary support limit invasion processing method |
US20220120183A1 (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2022-04-21 | China Institute Of Water Resources And Hydropower Research | Tunnel adaptive lining structure in complex environment and construction method thereof |
US11499427B2 (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2022-11-15 | China Institute Of Water Resources And Hydropower Research | Tunnel adaptive lining structure in complex environment and construction method thereof |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE2103760A1 (en) | 1971-12-16 |
CH514036A (en) | 1971-10-15 |
FR2096227A5 (en) | 1972-02-11 |
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