DE2103760A1 - Tunnel construction process - Google Patents
Tunnel construction processInfo
- Publication number
- DE2103760A1 DE2103760A1 DE19712103760 DE2103760A DE2103760A1 DE 2103760 A1 DE2103760 A1 DE 2103760A1 DE 19712103760 DE19712103760 DE 19712103760 DE 2103760 A DE2103760 A DE 2103760A DE 2103760 A1 DE2103760 A1 DE 2103760A1
- Authority
- DE
- Germany
- Prior art keywords
- tunnel
- elements
- interior elements
- tunnel wall
- expandable
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 17
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011083 cement mortar Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005253 cladding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/14—Lining predominantly with metal
- E21D11/15—Plate linings; Laggings, i.e. linings designed for holding back formation material or for transmitting the load to main supporting members
- E21D11/157—Laggings making use of fluid cushions, e.g. the fluid containing a hardenable material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
- E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
- E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
Description
Dr..Werner Heierli ZurichDr Werner Heierli Zurich
Ing. Rudolf Amberg . SargansIng.Rudolf Amberg . Sargans
TunnelbauverfahrenTunneling method
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Tunnelbauverfahren, bei welchem ein Tunnel in an sich bekannter Weise ausgebrochen und vorgetrieben wird und dieser Tunnel fortlaufend abgestützt und verkleidet wird.The present invention relates to a tunneling method in which a tunnel is excavated in a manner known per se and is driven and this tunnel is continuously supported and clad.
Bei den heute üblichen Tunnelbauverfahren muss direkt nach dem Ausbruch die Tunnelwand, sei es nun Fels oder Lockergestein, provisorisch gestützt werden, was z.B. durch armierte Anker, Spitzbeton und dergleichen erfolgen kann. Dann erfolgt die Entwässerung und schliesslich werden tragfähige Innenelemente, z.B. sog. Tübbings, eingebaut. In den Spalt zwischen Tunnelwand und Aussenseite der Innenelemente wird dann Beton eingefüllt, wobei selbstverständlich für eine drucklose Ableitung des Wassers gesorgt werden muss.With the tunneling methods commonly used today, the tunnel wall, be it rock or loose rock, must be provisionally supported, which can be done e.g. with reinforced anchors, pointed concrete and the like. Then the Drainage and finally load-bearing interior elements, e.g. so-called tubbings, are installed. In the gap between the tunnel wall and outside of the interior elements, concrete is then poured in, of course for a pressureless drainage of the water needs to be taken care of.
Dieses Vorgehen ist sehr zeitraubend und daher natürlich auch entsprechend kostspielig.This procedure is very time-consuming and therefore, of course, correspondingly expensive.
Das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren soll nun eine wesentliche Vereinfachung und Verbilligung des Tunnelbaus bringen. Das Verfahren zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass mit fortschreitendem Ausbruch tragfähige Innenelemente in den Tunnel eingebaut werden, das3 zwischen Tunnelwand und der dieser zugekehrten Oberfläche der Innenelemente aufweitbare Körper angeordnet und diese zwecks Bildung einer druckübertragenden Stützung zur Anlage an die Tun-WR/cfa The method according to the invention should now bring about a significant simplification and cheaper construction of the tunnel. The method is characterized in that are installed with advancing outbreak viable inner elements in the tunnel, arranged DAS3 expandable between the tunnel wall and the facing surface of the inner elements of the body and this for the purpose of forming a pressure-transmitting support for abutment against the tunnel WR / cfa
21.1.71 1 naac 1 /ncroJi - 23 613 a21.1.71 1 naac 1 / ncroJi - 23 613 a
nelwand und die Innenelemente gebracht werden.nelwand and the interior elements are brought.
Besonders vorteilhafterweise werden aufweitbare Hüllen aus flexiblem Material zwischen Tunnelwand und Innenelemente angeordnet und zwecks Bildung einer vorübergehenden Stützung aufgeblasen, und schliesslich die genannten Hüllen mit einer erhärtbaren Masse gefüllt. ' Expandable shells made of flexible material are particularly advantageously arranged between the tunnel wall and the inner elements and are inflated for the purpose of forming a temporary support, and finally the named shells are filled with a hardenable mass. '
Mit dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren kann sofort nach dem Ausbruch der Tunnel abgestützt werden, und zwar durch den Einbau von tragfähigen Innenelementen, z.B. von Tübbings, wobei durch Aufweiten von Zwischenkörpern eine druckübertragende Stützung zwischen Tunnelwand und Innenelementen erzielt wird. Die Stützung kann vorerst provisorisch erfolgen, z.B. durch Aufblasen von Hüllen. Die definitive Stützung kann dann durch Auffüllen der Hüllen mit Feinbeton erreicht werden. Solche Zwischenkörper, insbesondere aufweitbare Hüllen aus flexiblem Material, passen sich ausgezeichnet eventuellen Unebenheiten der Tunnelwand an. Zwischen nebeneinanderliegenden, aufgeweiteten Zwischenkörpern verbleiben von selbst Kanäle oder Rinnen, welche eine drucklose Ableitung von Wasser in die Kanalisation gestatten. With the inventive method can immediately after the excavation of the tunnel through the installation of load-bearing internal elements, e.g. tubbings, whereby By expanding intermediate bodies, a pressure-transmitting support between the tunnel wall and the inner elements is achieved. The support can be provisional for the time being, e.g. by inflating envelopes. The definitive support can then come through Filling of the envelopes with fine concrete can be achieved. Such intermediate bodies, in particular expandable sleeves made of flexible material, adapt perfectly to any unevenness in the tunnel wall. Between adjacent, widened Intermediate bodies naturally remain channels or gutters which allow water to be discharged into the sewer system without pressure.
Die Erfindung wird nachstehend anhand einiger in der Zeichnung dargestellter Ausführungsformen noch etwas näher erläutert. In der Zeichnung zeigt:The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to some embodiments shown in the drawing. In the drawing shows:
Fig. 1 einen Querschnitt durch einen nach dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren gebauten Tunnel,1 shows a cross section through a tunnel built according to the method according to the invention,
Fig. 2 einen Schnitt entlang der Linie II-II von Fig. 1 durch eine fertig verkleidete, Tunnelwand,Fig. 2 is a section along the line II-II of Fig. 1 through a ready-clad tunnel wall,
Fig. 3 eine Variante eines Horizontalschnittes durch eine Tunnelwand, und3 shows a variant of a horizontal section through a tunnel wall, and
Fig. 4 einen Tunnel im Querschnitt, in welchem das Einfüllen der erhärtbaren Füllmasse in die mit Luft aufgeweiteten Hüllen veranschaulicht wird.4 shows a tunnel in cross section, in which the filling the hardenable filling compound in the shells expanded with air is illustrated.
- 2 109851/0921 - 2 109851/0921
*'ig. 1 der Zeichnung zeigt einen Querschnitt durch einen Tunnel, bei welchem der aus dem Fels oder Gestein ausgebrochene Stollen oder Tunnel 1 durch tragfähige Innenelemente 2 ausgekleidet und unter Zwischenlage von aufgeweiteten Füllkörpern sicher abgestützt ist.* 'ig. 1 of the drawing shows a cross section through a Tunnel in which the tunnel or tunnel 1 that has been excavated from the rock is lined by load-bearing interior elements 2 and is securely supported with the interposition of expanded fillers.
Der Tunnel wurde so gebaut, dass zuerst der eigentliche Tunnel 1 ausgebrochen, dabei mit fortschreitendem Ausbruch die tragfähigen Innenelemente 2 eingebaut und zwischen der Wand des Tunnels 1 und den Aussenflächen der Elemente 2 aufweitbare Hüllen 3 aus flexiblem Material angeordnet wurden. Die Hüllen 3 sind vor der Montage der im vorliegenden Fall vorgefertigten Elemente 2 an deren Aussenseite festgemacht worden.Die Hüllen 3 wurden dann mit Druckluft aufgeblasen (z.B.4 at), um auf diese Weise eine provisorische Stützung des Tunnels auf den tragfrhigen Elementen 2 zu gew£hrleisten.Dank der Flexibilität der Hüllen 3 können sich diese an die bestehenden Unregelmässigkeiten der Tunnelwand anpassen, bzw. im aufgeblasenen Zustand anschmiegen.The tunnel was built in such a way that the actual tunnel 1 was first excavated, with the progressive excavation being the load-bearing inner elements 2 installed and between the wall of the tunnel 1 and the outer surfaces of the elements 2 expandable sleeves 3 made of flexible material were arranged. The cases 3 are attached to the outside of the prefabricated elements 2 in the present case 3 were then inflated with compressed air (e.g. 4 at) in order to provide temporary support for the tunnel on the to ensure load-bearing elements 2 thanks to the flexibility the sheaths 3 can adhere to the existing irregularities Adapt to the tunnel wall or, when inflated, snuggle up to it.
Fig. 2 und 3 der Zeichnung zeigen Horizontalabschnitte durch derart verkleidete und abgestützte Tunnelwände 1. An jedem Innenelement 2 kann eine oder auch mehrere Hüllen 3 angeordnet sein. Je nach Material dieser Hüllen 3 können diese mit einer geeigneten Schutzschicht oder Schutzfolie bedeckt sein.2 and 3 of the drawing show horizontal sections through tunnel walls 1 Each inner element 2 can have one or more sheaths 3 arranged. Depending on the material of these covers 3, these can be covered with a suitable protective layer or protective film.
Fig. 4 zeigt, wie die vorerst mit Luft gefüllten Hüllen 3 über einen geeigneten Anschluss 4 schliesslich mit einer erhärtenden Masse, z.B. mit Feinbeton, gefüllt werden,wobei dieses Füllen zweckmässig von unten nach oben erfolgt, um eine vollständige Füllung zu gewährleisten.Das erhärtbare Füllgut wird aus einem Behälter 5 in die Hüllen 3 gepumpt, wobei der Anschluss oder Füllstutzen 4, z.B. durch eine Bohrung des Elementes ins Innere der Tunnelröhre ragt.Am oberen Ende der Hülle 3 befindet sich ein zweckmässig einstellbares Ventil 6, durch welches die zuerst eingefüllte Luft bei zunehmenderFig. 4 shows how the initially filled with air sleeves 3 via a suitable connection 4 finally with a hardening mass, e.g. with fine concrete, where this filling is expediently done from bottom to top in order to achieve a to ensure complete filling. The hardenable filling material is pumped from a container 5 into the casings 3, the connection or filler neck 4, e.g. through a bore of the Element protrudes into the interior of the tunnel tube. At the upper end of the shell 3 there is an expediently adjustable valve 6, by which the air filled in first with increasing
- 3 109851/0921 - 3 109851/0921
Füllung entweichen kann, z.B. unter Aufrechterhaltung eines einstellbaren Druckes. Das Ventil 6 kann auch gleichzeitig als Kontrolle für die Füllung der Hülle 3 dienen (Ueberlauf).Filling can escape, e.g. while maintaining an adjustable pressure. The valve 6 can also be used at the same time Serve control for the filling of the shell 3 (overflow).
Selbstverständlich können auch mehrere Hüllen miteinander in Verbindung stehen,so dass sie durch einen einzigen Einlass mit Luft oder erhsrtbarem Füllgut gefüllt werden können.Of course, several covers can also be connected to one another, so that they can be connected to one another by a single one Inlet can be filled with air or hardenable filling material.
ist auch möglich, die Hüllen in Tunnellängsrichtung (statt in Tunnelhöhe) verlaufen zu lassen.Grundsätzlich ist es auch denkbar, an Stelle von aufblasbaren Hüllen oder Schläuchen auch, andere, z.B. auf chemischem Wege aufweitbare und verfestigbare Füllkörper zu verwenden.It is also possible to run the envelopes in the longitudinal direction of the tunnel (instead of at tunnel height) It is also conceivable, instead of inflatable envelopes or tubes, also other, e.g. chemically expandable and to use solidifiable packing.
Der Vorteil des oben beschriebenen Verfahrens liegt darin, nach dem Einbau der in jedem Fall geforderten Innenabstützung bzw.Innenverkleidung sehr rasch eine provisorische Stützung und Dichtung des Tunnels zu erhalten (Aufweiten der Füllkörper), die bei Verwendung von aufweitbaren Hüllen auf einfache Weise, d,h. durch Einfüllen einer erhärtbaren Masse, in eine definitive Stützung und Dichtung ausgebaut werden kann.The advantage of the method described above is that after the installation of the internal support that is required in each case or interior cladding to obtain a temporary support and seal for the tunnel very quickly (widening the Packing), which when using expandable shells in a simple manner, d, h. by filling in a hardenable mass, can be expanded into a definitive support and seal.
Verwendung von aufweitbaren Hüllen entstehen dabei auch die zur drucklosen Wasserabfuhr erforderlichen Kanele, so dass in dieser Hinsicht keine weiteren , besonderen Massnahmen zu treffen sind.The use of expandable covers also creates the ducts required for pressureless water drainage, so that no further special measures need to be taken in this regard.
Die Form der Hüllen, sowie deren Abstand untereinander kann den Anforderungen entsprechend gewählt werden.The shape of the covers, as well as their distance from one another, can be selected according to the requirements.
- 4 109851/0921 - 4 109851/0921
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CH894070A CH514036A (en) | 1970-06-12 | 1970-06-12 | Tunneling method |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| DE2103760A1 true DE2103760A1 (en) | 1971-12-16 |
Family
ID=4346527
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19712103760 Pending DE2103760A1 (en) | 1970-06-12 | 1971-01-27 | Tunnel construction process |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3750407A (en) |
| CH (1) | CH514036A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE2103760A1 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2096227A5 (en) |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2646334A1 (en) * | 1976-10-14 | 1978-04-20 | Eisenhuette Prinz Rudolph Ag | Lining for mine galleries - comprises wire mat backed with thermoplastic film bags which are filled with foamed polyurethane |
| DE2923016A1 (en) * | 1979-06-07 | 1980-12-18 | Ruhrkohle Ag | Flexible mine cavity filling sheath - is force and/or form locked to adjacent sheaths and support wall |
| DE3202859A1 (en) * | 1982-01-29 | 1983-08-11 | Klaus Prof. Dr.-Ing. 5100 Aachen Spies | ROUTE EXTENSION, ESPECIALLY FOR PITS |
| DE3523869C1 (en) * | 1985-07-04 | 1986-09-25 | Ruhrkohle Ag, 4300 Essen | Roadway support system, consisting of flexible tubes which can be filled with setting construction materials |
Families Citing this family (27)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2210988C3 (en) * | 1972-03-07 | 1981-10-22 | Marx, Karl, Dipl.-Ing. | Device for shoring building trenches |
| CH554460A (en) * | 1972-07-25 | 1974-09-30 | Sarnen Kunststoff Ag | SEALING STRUCTURES, CONTAINERS OR TERRAIN AGAINST WATER AND PROCESSES FOR THEIR PRODUCTION. |
| US3882684A (en) * | 1973-09-12 | 1975-05-13 | Bergwerksverband Gmbh | Two-compartment cartridge adapted for use in strengthening coal or stone walls |
| US4102138A (en) * | 1974-06-12 | 1978-07-25 | Bergwerksverband Gmbh | Method for closing off a mine gallery especially for use to prevent spreading of underground explosions |
| CA1022353A (en) * | 1974-06-12 | 1977-12-13 | Bergwerksverband G.M.B.H. | Device and method for closing off a mine gallery especially for use to prevent spreading of underground explosions |
| USRE30929E (en) * | 1977-09-28 | 1982-05-11 | Collapsible tunnel liner section and method of lining a tunnel | |
| US4124985A (en) * | 1977-09-28 | 1978-11-14 | Lembit Maimets | Collapsible tunnel liner section and method of lining a tunnel |
| AT362738B (en) * | 1978-01-07 | 1981-06-10 | Kalk Chemische Fabrik Gmbh | PLASTIC HOSES FOR FILLING CAVES BETWEEN MOUNTAINS AND EXTENSION IN MOUNTAIN AND TUNNEL CONSTRUCTION AND METHOD FOR PUTTING PLASTIC HOSES IN TUBES OR. TUNNELS |
| FR2422816A1 (en) * | 1978-04-14 | 1979-11-09 | Merckle Guy | Mine gallery temporary support system - uses pressurised compartmented envelope and supports, with pressure medium replaced later by solid material |
| DE3171989D1 (en) * | 1981-04-29 | 1985-10-03 | Gesteins & Tiefbau Gmbh | Method and device for filling the hollow space between the roof support of galleries and the rock by means of pipes containing a hardening filling |
| EP0203242A1 (en) * | 1985-05-30 | 1986-12-03 | M.I.G.E.C. | Method and device for continuously lining a subway |
| FR2555657B1 (en) * | 1983-11-24 | 1987-10-30 | Genie Civil Coordination Et | SUPPORT SYSTEM THAT CAN BE USED IN UNDERGROUND WORKS AS A COMPLEMENT FOR FRAMES, HANGERS, METALLIC ETCS OR THE LIKE FOR EFFICIENTLY LOCKING THE GROUND ON THE WHOLE PERIPHERY WITH THE USE OF SLEEVES IN WATER-FILLED FABRIC SLIDED FOR THIS PURPOSE |
| US20030145530A1 (en) * | 2000-06-28 | 2003-08-07 | Cintec International Limited | Shelter |
| US6988337B1 (en) | 2002-03-22 | 2006-01-24 | Bebotech Corporation | Means and method for constructing a fully precast top arch overfilled system |
| US6719492B1 (en) | 2002-03-22 | 2004-04-13 | Bebotech Corporation | Top arch overfilled system |
| US7305798B1 (en) | 2002-04-25 | 2007-12-11 | Bebo Of America | Composite overfilled arch system |
| GB0501113D0 (en) * | 2005-01-20 | 2005-02-23 | Cintec Int Ltd | Improvements in and relating to blast protection structures |
| CN102620673A (en) * | 2012-03-16 | 2012-08-01 | 同济大学 | Tunnel deformation online monitoring system based on image analysis and application of system |
| US9255476B2 (en) * | 2012-08-17 | 2016-02-09 | Ric-Man Construction, Inc. | Shaft construction in the earth and method thereof |
| ES2525885B1 (en) * | 2013-06-26 | 2015-10-06 | Concreta Desarrollo S.L. | Relief valve for pumping concrete in formwork molds |
| CN104533451A (en) * | 2014-12-05 | 2015-04-22 | 中国电建集团成都勘测设计研究院有限公司 | Tunnel advance pre-supporting technology used in discrete gravelly soil and broken surrounding rock |
| ES2660055B2 (en) * | 2017-10-10 | 2021-03-08 | Univ Madrid Politecnica | INFLATABLE FORMWORK-REINFORCED SYSTEM FOR THE EXECUTION OF CONCRETE ELEMENTS AND PROCEDURE FOR THE EXECUTION OF A CONCRETE ELEMENT |
| CN108952759B (en) * | 2018-06-27 | 2020-04-07 | 昆明理工大学 | Tunnel lining structure using steel pipe concrete and laminated slab and construction method |
| CN109578012A (en) * | 2018-12-13 | 2019-04-05 | 天地科技股份有限公司 | A kind of roadway support structure and method |
| CN109707398B (en) * | 2019-01-08 | 2020-05-05 | 西南交通大学 | Freezing-resistant assembled tunnel primary support structure and construction method |
| CN112240214A (en) * | 2020-10-10 | 2021-01-19 | 重庆交通建设(集团)有限责任公司 | Soft rock tunnel primary support limit invasion processing method |
| CN112253173B (en) * | 2020-10-21 | 2022-06-28 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Complex environment tunnel self-adaptive lining structure and construction method |
Family Cites Families (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2328779A (en) * | 1940-10-23 | 1943-09-07 | Northwestern Terra Cotta Corp | Wall construction |
| CH248412A (en) * | 1943-07-27 | 1947-05-15 | Keiser Alois Ing Dipl | Process for the production of a lining for pressure tunnels or shafts. |
| US3131541A (en) * | 1960-08-22 | 1964-05-05 | James E Guthrie | System for relieving buried conduits of excessive pressure |
| AT240795B (en) * | 1963-08-23 | 1965-06-10 | Tiroler Wasserkraftwerke Ag | Pressure tunnel armor |
| US3396545A (en) * | 1965-04-07 | 1968-08-13 | Tech Inc Const | Method of forming concrete bodies |
| US3524320A (en) * | 1967-01-23 | 1970-08-18 | Lee A Turzillo | Method of protecting areas of an earth situs against scour |
| US3492823A (en) * | 1967-03-30 | 1970-02-03 | Tech Inc Const | Method and apparatus for forming elongated hardened concrete bodies by pressure grouting |
| US3509725A (en) * | 1968-08-12 | 1970-05-05 | Harry Schnabel Jr | Method and structure for reinforcing tunnels |
-
1970
- 1970-06-12 CH CH894070A patent/CH514036A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1971
- 1971-01-27 DE DE19712103760 patent/DE2103760A1/en active Pending
- 1971-06-01 US US00148790A patent/US3750407A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1971-06-11 FR FR7121240A patent/FR2096227A5/fr not_active Expired
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2646334A1 (en) * | 1976-10-14 | 1978-04-20 | Eisenhuette Prinz Rudolph Ag | Lining for mine galleries - comprises wire mat backed with thermoplastic film bags which are filled with foamed polyurethane |
| DE2923016A1 (en) * | 1979-06-07 | 1980-12-18 | Ruhrkohle Ag | Flexible mine cavity filling sheath - is force and/or form locked to adjacent sheaths and support wall |
| DE3202859A1 (en) * | 1982-01-29 | 1983-08-11 | Klaus Prof. Dr.-Ing. 5100 Aachen Spies | ROUTE EXTENSION, ESPECIALLY FOR PITS |
| DE3523869C1 (en) * | 1985-07-04 | 1986-09-25 | Ruhrkohle Ag, 4300 Essen | Roadway support system, consisting of flexible tubes which can be filled with setting construction materials |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US3750407A (en) | 1973-08-07 |
| FR2096227A5 (en) | 1972-02-11 |
| CH514036A (en) | 1971-10-15 |
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