US3860217A - Shear mixer - Google Patents

Shear mixer Download PDF

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Publication number
US3860217A
US3860217A US354688A US35468873A US3860217A US 3860217 A US3860217 A US 3860217A US 354688 A US354688 A US 354688A US 35468873 A US35468873 A US 35468873A US 3860217 A US3860217 A US 3860217A
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United States
Prior art keywords
channels
mixer
adjacent
elements
elongated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US354688A
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English (en)
Inventor
Kenneth M Grout
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
National Oilwell Varco LP
Original Assignee
Kenics Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kenics Corp filed Critical Kenics Corp
Priority to US354688A priority Critical patent/US3860217A/en
Priority to CA190,500A priority patent/CA989386A/en
Priority to FR7407490A priority patent/FR2227041B1/fr
Priority to JP2533774A priority patent/JPS574369B2/ja
Priority to BR2344/74A priority patent/BR7402344D0/pt
Priority to DD177599A priority patent/DD111549A5/xx
Priority to GB1547374A priority patent/GB1437576A/en
Priority to NL7404942A priority patent/NL7404942A/xx
Priority to SE7405381A priority patent/SE404992B/xx
Priority to DE2419696A priority patent/DE2419696A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3860217A publication Critical patent/US3860217A/en
Assigned to CHEMINEER, INC. reassignment CHEMINEER, INC. MERGER (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: KENICS CORPORATION
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Assigned to HELLER FINANCIAL, INC. reassignment HELLER FINANCIAL, INC. SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: O.D.E. MANUFACTURING, INC., A CORP. OF DE
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/432—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction with means for dividing the material flow into separate sub-flows and for repositioning and recombining these sub-flows; Cross-mixing, e.g. conducting the outer layer of the material nearer to the axis of the tube or vice-versa
    • B01F25/4323—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction with means for dividing the material flow into separate sub-flows and for repositioning and recombining these sub-flows; Cross-mixing, e.g. conducting the outer layer of the material nearer to the axis of the tube or vice-versa using elements provided with a plurality of channels or using a plurality of tubes which can either be placed between common spaces or collectors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/40—Static mixers
    • B01F25/42—Static mixers in which the mixing is affected by moving the components jointly in changing directions, e.g. in tubes provided with baffles or obstructions
    • B01F25/43—Mixing tubes, e.g. wherein the material is moved in a radial or partly reversed direction
    • B01F25/433—Mixing tubes wherein the shape of the tube influences the mixing, e.g. mixing tubes with varying cross-section or provided with inwardly extending profiles

Definitions

  • the basic element of the mixer is formed with Assigneei Kenics Corporafion, Dam/firs, MaSS- a plurality of elongated channels, each preferably hav- 22 d: 7 ing an elliptic transverse cross section.
  • the channels 1 lle Apr l9 3 V are disposed about each other in a helical arrange- [21] Appl. No.: 354,688 ment and communicate with each other through one or more elongated helical slots formed in adjacent 52 U.S. l.
  • a mixer may consist of a single [56] References Cited element or of a plurality of such elements arranged UNITED STATES PATENTS with alternating right and left-handed helixgroups, (a
  • FIG. 1 A first figure.
  • the field of motionless mixers relates to that type of mixing device designed to mix components of a flowing fluid by causing a stream of such fluid to pass through a conduit containing within it stationary structural elements which physically react with said stream to produce the desired mixing action.
  • An example of this type of mixer is shown in the US Pat. No. 3,286,992 to Armeniades et al.
  • Such devices are used for a wide variety of purposes including the homogenization of miscible fluids, mass transfer of reactive components, the establishment of a uniform temperature throughout a flowing fluid mass, and the dispersion of immiscible substances including generating such fine dispersions as to produce stable emulsions. While such devices are generally satisfactory for many purposes, completely satisfactory operation has not yet been achieved for a variety of objectives.
  • the present invention takes a basically new approach to the solution of the fluid mixing problem by placing a major emphasis upon increasing the shear forces which interact between different parts of the fluid stream. While high shear is important in many mixing processes, it is particularly important where it is desired to produce a stable emulsion of immiscible fluids. As the viscosity ratio between the two fluids increases, a higher and higher degree of shear is required to improve the degree of subdivision of the fluid particles to the point where astable emulsion is reached. Even in those cases where such an emulsion is not required, the higher shear forces produced by the present invention are very useful.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one of the novel mixer elements
  • FIG. 2 is a side view of a simple mixer using one of the mixer elements of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional diagram taken along line 33 of FIG. 2, illustrating the nature of its operation
  • FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 1 but with the sense of the helical passages reversed with respect to the sense of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 5 is a side view of a mixer using multiple mixer elements
  • FIG. 6 is a representation of a step in the assembly of two mixer elements in an arrangement as in FIG. 5;
  • FIG. 7 is a view as in FIG. 3 showing the effect of the reversal of the sense of the helical passages in the mixer unit;
  • FIG. 8 is a partial view, similar to FIG. 4, showing a mixer with spaced units
  • FIG. 9 is a view similar to FIG. 3 but illustrating the effect of using more than two helical passages in a single mixer unit
  • FIG. 10 is a view similar to FIG. 1 showing a form of mixer element with concave ends;
  • FIG. 11 is a side view of an arrangement with two elements of the type of FIG. 8 assembled in end-to-end relationship;
  • FIG. 12 is an enlarged end view of the upper element taken along line l212 of FIG. 11 with the orientation of the lower element shown in dotted lines;
  • FIG. 13 is a perspective view, partly in section, illustrating one method of making a mixer element
  • FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a metal blank illustrating a step in another method of making a mixer element.
  • FIG. 15 is a cross-sectional view of a mixer element made by the process illustrated in FIG. 14.
  • the basic component of the mixer of this invention consists of a body 1 in which is formed a plurality of elongated channels 2 and 3 each having an elliptic cross section and each having its longitudinal axis disposed along a helical path. These channels are interwound with each other and their cross-sections intersect adjacent the longitudinal axis of the body 1 so as to produce an elongated helical opening 4 through which each channel communicates with its adjacent channel. If we pass along each channel 2 and 3 in FIG. 1 from the top to the bottom, it will be seen that the helices formed by these channels are left-handed helices. As shown in FIG.
  • a preferred embodiment of the basic component is one in which each channel 2 and 3 consists of turning in each such unit will be matter of choice in the design of such mixers. While 'thelongitudinal axis of the body 1, referred to above, lies along a straight line, it is to be understood that the term longitudinal axis," as it applies to body 1, includes any line, whether ornot straight, about which the channels progress with either right-handed or left-handedturnings. In addition, .although the opening 4 is shown as a continuous slot extending from the top to the bottom of body 1, parts of the contiguous sides of channels 2 and 3 could be left solid so as to provide a plurality of such slots extending longitudinally of the body 1.
  • FIG. 2 A simple or elementary form of a left hand helix mixer using such a basic element is shown diagramatically in FIG. 2 in which a fluid extruder 5 is connected to the input end of a unit 1 and a discharge nozzle 6 is I connected to its output end.
  • the resulting reaction within the unit 1 is illustrated in FIG. 3.
  • Frictional forces will be set up between the walls of these channels and the fluid to produce a counter rotation in each channel at right angles to the direction of longitudinal flow of the fluid.
  • the direction of such counter rotation is shown by the arrows in FIG. 3 as a clockwise rotation of the fluid in each of the channels 2 and 3.
  • a mixer might comprise a plurality of units 1 in which the helical turns of channels 2 and 3 would be reversed in each alternate unit. For this purpose, it is desired to add to the left-hand helical passage member I, as shown in FIG. 1, a right-hand helical passage member 1a as shown in FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an element la with right-hand helical passages 2a and 3a providing a passage 4a between them.
  • a preferred embodiment of the invention is that illustrated in FIG. 5 in which the mixer would consist of a plurality of basic elements lb and 1c, 1d and 1e assembled end to end in a series within a casing7.
  • Each basic element 1b and 1d is as illustrated in FIG. 1, while each element and 1e is as illustrated in FIG. 4.
  • the direction of the helical passages in each alternate element is of the opposite sense to the direction of the helical passages in the adjacent elements.
  • each alternate element also preferably has the transverse axis joining the centers of the passages angularly disposed with respect to such axis in each adjacent unit.
  • FIG. 6 shows a step in the assembly of two adjacent units wherein the upper unit 1 is the same as that shown in FIG. 1 while the lower unit la is the same as that shown in FIG. 4 but with the above described transverse axis rotated through 90 so that thetransverse axes of 1 and 1a are disposed 90 with respect to each other.
  • This angular relationship is not critical and may be of any substantial size.
  • FIG. 7 The effect of reversing the direction of the helices is illustrated in FIG. 7.
  • the clockwise rotation of the fluid for the right-hand helices of the unit of FIG. 3 becomes a counterclockwise rotation as shown by the curved arrows of FIG. 7.
  • the same high degree of internal fluid shear, as in FIG. 3, is also generated at the opening 4a in FIG. 7. Therefore, in FIG. 5, when the fluid issues from the first unit lb and encounters the second unit 10, the rotation imparted by unit lb will be reversed by the action of the unit 1c, thus increasing the mixing effectiveness of the combined device.
  • the angular displacement of the transverse axes of the helices between adjacent elements introduces additional subdivisions of the fluid stream and increased internal shearing forces which further enhance the mixing action.
  • such elements may be considered broadly as being arranged in alternating right-handed and left-handed helix groups, it being understood that a group may consist of one or more elements.
  • FIG. 9 three helical channels 9, l0, and 11, similar to channels 2 and 3 of FIG. 1, are provided in a body 12. These channels are formed respectively with longitudinal openings 13, 14 and 15, similar to' opening 4 of FIG. 1. These openings 13, 14 and 15 merge into a central opening 16 extending the length of the body 12.
  • FIG. 3 when fluid is caused to flow along each channel 9, l0 and 11, frictional forces between the walls of the channels and the flowing fluid produce a rotation of the fluid as indicated by the arrows in FIG. 9.
  • the direction of such rotation about the opening 16 produces a cumulative circumferential force around the opening 16 and drives the fluid in such opening circularly in a direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the fluid in channels 9, l0 and 11.
  • the rotation of the fluid in opening 16 is in a counterclockwise direction.
  • the resultant of the forces causing'the flow of fluid along the length of the body 12 and the above rotation forces will cause each particle in the opening 16 to flow in a helical path along the length of the opening 16 substantially in synchronism with the helical flow in each of the channels 9, l0 and 11. Not only will there exist a very effective mixing action, but also the residence times in the mixer for all particles in the fluid flow will tend to be equal resulting in a highly uniform product.
  • each channel has been illustrated as a circle, such cross section may be elliptic, a circle being one form.
  • elliptic is meant any closed planar curve along which there is no reversal of curvature, but along which there may be changes in the radius of curvature. Such definition is not to be interpreted as excluding gaps such as those due to openings 4, 13, 14 and 15.
  • channels with elliptic cross sections may be preferred, such channels may have any type of cross section. As long as such cross section defines a closed figure (except for a gap due to the opening in its side) and the channel progresses along a helical path, as described above, a counter rotation of the fluid in adjacent channels will be produced and the effects of the present invention will be generated.
  • the elliptic form of mixer element eliminates all corners which could create dead areas in which parts of the fluid might remain for substantially longer periods than the rest of the flowing fluid.
  • the existence of such corners in prior art devices are responsible for the fact that it has been virtually impossible to obtain anything approaching completely uniform residence time for fluids flowing through such'mixers.
  • the present invention makes possible a much closer approximation of such uniform residence time than has been possible heretofore.
  • FIGS. 10 and l l have been devised.
  • the unit 18 is substantially like the unit 1 of FIG. 1 and is formed with channels 19 and 20 corresponding to channels 2 and 3 of FIG. 1.
  • the end of each unit is dished with concave surfaces 21 and 22 at the ends of the channels 19 and 20.
  • Such concave surfaces meet along substantially horizontal cusp edges 23 which terminate along a circular border 24 which defines the outer limits of the concave surfaces 21 and 22.
  • This form of the end of each unit may be more readily seen in FIG. 12.
  • the dotted lines show the orientation of the end face of an adjacent unit assembled as will be described below for FIG. 11.
  • a plurality of such units 18a and 18b are assembled in end to end relation with the direction of the helical turning of the passages in each unit being reversed with respect to the direction such turning in an adjacent unit, as described in connection with FIG. 5.
  • the transverse axes are angularly disposed.
  • the edges 2311 on the lower face of 18a will be angularly displaced with respect to the edges 23b on the upper face of 18b. Therefore, any fluid which passes from the channels of 18a to the channels of 18b will encounter the sharp edges 23b which will exert additional shear forces to further enhance the operation of the device.
  • each of the units of the type described may be made of any suitable material and may be manufactured by any suitable process.
  • the unit may be made of a plastic or metal cast in a lost-wax type of mold, as shown in FIG. 13.
  • Two cylindrical lengths of casting wax 25 and 26 are pressed together along their lengths to form the central portion 27 which is to define the central opening 4 of the resulting unit.
  • the members 25 and 26 are then twisted with the desired degree of turning of the channels 2 and 3.
  • the members 25 and 26 are then placed in a cylindrical mold 28 having a bottom 29 and a cylindrical side wall member 30, shown cut away in FIG. 13.
  • the mold is then filled with the desired plastic material and caused to set into a solid form by any well known process.
  • the plastic body is removed from the mold 28 and the casting wax core 25-26 is dissolved or melted out to leave the unit substantially as shown and described in FIG. 1.
  • the unit of FIG. 4 may be made in the same way with the members 25 and 26 twisted in a direction opposite to that in FIG. 13.
  • the concave surfaces 21 and 22, as described in FIGS. 10, 11 and 12 may be machined out by any well known machining method.
  • a sheet of metal 32 may be formed with two longitudinal channels 33 and 34. Thereupon the sheet 32 may have its ends twisted in opposite directions so that one end wall occupies the position as shown in the dotted lines at 35 with respect to the other end shown in full line at 36. Of course, the metal would have to be sufficiently malleable to accommodate such twisting.
  • Two members 37 and 38 so formed may then be assembled with abutting longitudinal edges 3a as shown in FIG. 15.
  • the shapes shown in FIGS. 1 and 4 might be made by extruding plastic or malleable metal through an appropriate die while twisitng the extruded material with respect to such die.
  • a mixer element comprising a body having therein a plurality of elongated channels extending through said body and displaced with respect to each other around a longitudinal axis, each of said elongated channels being disposed along a helix around said longitudinal axis, the helices of adjacent channels being disposed in the same sense around said longitudinal axis, the contiguous inner sides of adjacent channels being provided with at least one common opening through which said adjacent channels communicate with each other; said opening comprising an elongated slot extending throughout the length of said channels.
  • a mixer element according to claim 1 in which at least one end face of said body is concave at the end of each of said channels.
  • a mixer comprising a plurality of mixer elements 7 according to claim 2 mounted in end to end relationship with their longitudinal axes in line with each other.
  • a mixer according to claim 4 in which said mixer elements are arranged in alternating right and lefthanded helix groups.
  • a mixer according to claim 4 in which adjacent mixer elements are mounted with these ends abutting each other.
  • a mixer according to claim 4 in which adjacent mixer elements are mounted with their ends spaced from each other.
  • a mixer according toclaim 4 in which the transverse axis through the centers of said channels of each of said units is angularly displaced with respect to such transverse axis of each unit adjacent thereto.
  • each of said channels has an elliptic cross section.
  • a mixer element comprising a body having therein a plurality of elongated channels extending through said body and displaced with respect to each other around a longitudinal axis, each of said elongated channels being disposed along a helix around said longitudinal axis, the helices of adjacent channels being disposed in the same sense around said longitudinal axis, the contiguous inner sides of adjacent channels being provided with at least one common opening through which said adjacent channels communicate with each other, at least one end face of said body being concave at the end of each of said channels, said concave face having pointed cusps transverse to the line joining the centers of said channels at said end face, each of said cusps extending from an edge of said slot to a point on said end face removed from said edge.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
US354688A 1973-04-26 1973-04-26 Shear mixer Expired - Lifetime US3860217A (en)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US354688A US3860217A (en) 1973-04-26 1973-04-26 Shear mixer
CA190,500A CA989386A (en) 1973-04-26 1974-01-18 Helically wound tubular doublets and triplets in a flow mixer
FR7407490A FR2227041B1 (xx) 1973-04-26 1974-03-05
JP2533774A JPS574369B2 (xx) 1973-04-26 1974-03-06
BR2344/74A BR7402344D0 (pt) 1973-04-26 1974-03-25 Misturador de atuacao por cisalhamento
DD177599A DD111549A5 (xx) 1973-04-26 1974-04-01
GB1547374A GB1437576A (en) 1973-04-26 1974-04-08 Shear mixer
NL7404942A NL7404942A (xx) 1973-04-26 1974-04-11
SE7405381A SE404992B (sv) 1973-04-26 1974-04-22 Blandarenhet, foretredesvis for strommande vetskor, innefattande en kropp med ett flertal avlanga kanaler
DE2419696A DE2419696A1 (de) 1973-04-26 1974-04-24 Mischvorrichtung

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US354688A US3860217A (en) 1973-04-26 1973-04-26 Shear mixer

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US3860217A true US3860217A (en) 1975-01-14

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US354688A Expired - Lifetime US3860217A (en) 1973-04-26 1973-04-26 Shear mixer

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US (1) US3860217A (xx)
JP (1) JPS574369B2 (xx)
BR (1) BR7402344D0 (xx)
CA (1) CA989386A (xx)
DD (1) DD111549A5 (xx)
DE (1) DE2419696A1 (xx)
FR (1) FR2227041B1 (xx)
GB (1) GB1437576A (xx)
NL (1) NL7404942A (xx)
SE (1) SE404992B (xx)

Cited By (29)

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US4112520A (en) * 1976-03-25 1978-09-05 Oscar Patton Gilmore Static mixer
US4222671A (en) * 1978-09-05 1980-09-16 Gilmore Oscar Patrick Static mixer
US4259021A (en) * 1978-04-19 1981-03-31 Paul R. Goudy, Jr. Fluid mixing apparatus and method
US4363552A (en) * 1981-03-18 1982-12-14 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Static mixer
US4374542A (en) * 1977-10-17 1983-02-22 Bradley Joel C Undulating prismoid modules
WO1983002133A1 (en) * 1981-12-17 1983-06-23 Bailey, John, M. Dual fuel mixer-emulsifier
US4404173A (en) * 1980-09-24 1983-09-13 Unc Recovery Corporation Apparatus for contacting substantially immiscible liquids
US4439405A (en) * 1980-09-24 1984-03-27 Unc Recovery Corporation Method for varying the mixing time and proportions in the contacting of substantially immiscible liquids
US4611615A (en) * 1983-11-02 1986-09-16 Petrovic Ljubisa M Fluid treatment apparatus and method
US4614440A (en) * 1985-03-21 1986-09-30 Komax Systems, Inc. Stacked motionless mixer
US4884894A (en) * 1985-08-14 1989-12-05 Yuugenkaisha Ohnobankinkougyousho Fluid mixing element
US5053202A (en) * 1990-08-02 1991-10-01 Olin Corporation Static mixer configuration
US5564827A (en) * 1993-10-05 1996-10-15 Sulzer Chemtech Ag Device for the homogenization of high-viscosity fluids
EP1125624A1 (en) * 1998-09-02 2001-08-22 Maeda Corporation Kneader
US6286597B1 (en) 1999-04-12 2001-09-11 Baker Hughes Incorporated Shoe track saver and method of use
WO2005035995A1 (en) * 2003-10-11 2005-04-21 Kvaerner Process Systems A.S. Fluid phase distribution adjuster
US20080017246A1 (en) * 2006-07-18 2008-01-24 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Microchannel device
US20080240987A1 (en) * 2007-03-27 2008-10-02 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Micro fluidic device and method for producing micro fluidic device
US20090098027A1 (en) * 2007-10-12 2009-04-16 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Microreactor device
US20100229987A1 (en) * 2009-03-16 2010-09-16 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Micro fluidic device and fluid control method
US20110182134A1 (en) * 2010-01-22 2011-07-28 Dow Global Technologies Inc. Mixing system comprising an extensional flow mixer
US20120134232A1 (en) * 2006-02-07 2012-05-31 Stamixco Technology Ag Mixing Element for a static mixer and process for producing such a mixing element
US8679336B2 (en) 2008-11-14 2014-03-25 Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd. Microchannel device, separation apparatus, and separation method
WO2015073657A1 (en) * 2013-11-15 2015-05-21 Dow Global Technologies Llc Interfacial surface generators and methods of manufacture thereof
US20170320028A1 (en) * 2015-11-13 2017-11-09 Re Mixers, Inc. Static mixer
WO2019050699A3 (en) * 2017-09-06 2019-05-02 Waters Technologies Corporation FLUID MIXER
CN111032202A (zh) * 2017-09-06 2020-04-17 沃特世科技公司 流体混合器
US11173458B2 (en) 2018-03-14 2021-11-16 Tata Consultancy Services Limited Integrated apparatus for mixing and separating fluid phases and method therefor
US11555805B2 (en) 2019-08-12 2023-01-17 Waters Technologies Corporation Mixer for chromatography system

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US4982056A (en) * 1981-08-20 1991-01-01 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Amorphous copolymers of perfluoro-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxide
US4977008A (en) * 1981-08-20 1990-12-11 E. I Du Pont De Nemours And Company Amorphous copolymers of perfluoro-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole
US4977297A (en) * 1981-08-20 1990-12-11 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Amorphous copolymers of perfluoro-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole
US4973142A (en) * 1981-08-20 1990-11-27 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Amorphous copolymers of perfluoro-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole
US4975505A (en) * 1981-08-20 1990-12-04 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Amorphous copolymers of perfluoro-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole
US4977025A (en) * 1981-08-20 1990-12-11 E. I Du Pont De Nemours And Company Amorphous copolymers of perfluoro-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole
US4999248A (en) * 1981-08-20 1991-03-12 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Amorphous copolymers of perfluoro-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole
US5000547A (en) * 1981-08-20 1991-03-19 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Amorphous copolymers of perfluoro-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole
US5006382A (en) * 1981-08-20 1991-04-09 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Amorphous copolymers of perfluoro-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole
US4977026A (en) * 1981-08-20 1990-12-11 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Amorphous copolymers of perfluoro-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxole
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DE59108660D1 (de) * 1990-05-08 1997-05-22 Sulzer Chemtech Ag Katalysatoranordnung in einer kolonne
CN1066916A (zh) * 1991-05-20 1992-12-09 谢志强 无需乳化剂的重油掺水技术及乳化装置
JPH0560524U (ja) * 1992-01-23 1993-08-10 株式会社荒井製作所 流体の混合装置
WO2000021650A1 (en) * 1998-10-15 2000-04-20 The Dow Chemical Company Static mixer
JP4194522B2 (ja) * 2004-04-19 2008-12-10 協和工業株式会社 気液混合気泡発生装置
JP6312768B2 (ja) * 2016-10-06 2018-04-18 俊一 武藤 ファインバブル発生装置
CN110681298B (zh) * 2019-09-27 2022-01-11 华东师范大学 3d层流微混合器

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Cited By (43)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4112520A (en) * 1976-03-25 1978-09-05 Oscar Patton Gilmore Static mixer
US4374542A (en) * 1977-10-17 1983-02-22 Bradley Joel C Undulating prismoid modules
US4259021A (en) * 1978-04-19 1981-03-31 Paul R. Goudy, Jr. Fluid mixing apparatus and method
US4222671A (en) * 1978-09-05 1980-09-16 Gilmore Oscar Patrick Static mixer
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JPS502256A (xx) 1975-01-10
CA989386A (en) 1976-05-18
NL7404942A (xx) 1974-10-29
DE2419696A1 (de) 1974-11-21
JPS574369B2 (xx) 1982-01-26
DD111549A5 (xx) 1975-02-20
SE404992B (sv) 1978-11-13
FR2227041A1 (xx) 1974-11-22
GB1437576A (en) 1976-05-26
BR7402344D0 (pt) 1974-12-03
FR2227041B1 (xx) 1978-03-31

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