US3859407A - Method of manufacturing particles of uniform size and shape - Google Patents

Method of manufacturing particles of uniform size and shape Download PDF

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Publication number
US3859407A
US3859407A US253186A US25318672A US3859407A US 3859407 A US3859407 A US 3859407A US 253186 A US253186 A US 253186A US 25318672 A US25318672 A US 25318672A US 3859407 A US3859407 A US 3859407A
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United States
Prior art keywords
particles
ribbon
forming
shape
rollers
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Expired - Lifetime
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US253186A
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English (en)
Inventor
Wendell S Blanding
Jack A Brothers
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Corning Glass Works
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Corning Glass Works
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Corning Glass Works filed Critical Corning Glass Works
Priority to US253186A priority Critical patent/US3859407A/en
Priority to FR7234480A priority patent/FR2184579B1/fr
Priority to DE2324111A priority patent/DE2324111A1/de
Priority to JP48053476A priority patent/JPS4941274A/ja
Priority to GB2303473A priority patent/GB1416788A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3859407A publication Critical patent/US3859407A/en
Priority to US05/577,473 priority patent/US4261706A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C7/00—Coherent pavings made in situ
    • E01C7/08—Coherent pavings made in situ made of road-metal and binders
    • E01C7/085—Aggregate or filler materials therefor; Coloured reflecting or luminescent additives therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
    • B01J2/22—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by pressing in moulds or between rollers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B1/00—Producing shaped prefabricated articles from the material
    • B28B1/004—Devices for shaping artificial aggregates from ceramic mixtures or from mixtures containing hydraulic binder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
    • B28B3/12—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein one or more rollers exert pressure on the material
    • B28B3/14—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein one or more rollers exert pressure on the material with co-operating pocketed rollers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B9/00—Making granules
    • B29B9/02—Making granules by dividing preformed material
    • B29B9/04—Making granules by dividing preformed material in the form of plates or sheets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B11/00—Pressing molten glass or performed glass reheated to equivalent low viscosity without blowing
    • C03B11/06—Construction of plunger or mould
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B11/00—Pressing molten glass or performed glass reheated to equivalent low viscosity without blowing
    • C03B11/06—Construction of plunger or mould
    • C03B11/08—Construction of plunger or mould for making solid articles, e.g. lenses
    • C03B11/082—Construction of plunger or mould for making solid articles, e.g. lenses having profiled, patterned or microstructured surfaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B13/00—Rolling molten glass, i.e. where the molten glass is shaped by rolling
    • C03B13/08—Rolling patterned sheets, e.g. sheets having a surface pattern
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B19/00—Other methods of shaping glass
    • C03B19/10—Forming beads
    • C03B19/1005—Forming solid beads
    • C03B19/1035—Forming solid beads by pressing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B19/00—Other methods of shaping glass
    • C03B19/10—Forming beads
    • C03B19/1005—Forming solid beads
    • C03B19/104—Forming solid beads by rolling, e.g. using revolving cylinders, rotating discs, rolls
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B2215/00—Press-moulding glass
    • C03B2215/40—Product characteristics
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B2215/00—Press-moulding glass
    • C03B2215/40—Product characteristics
    • C03B2215/41—Profiled surfaces
    • C03B2215/412—Profiled surfaces fine structured, e.g. fresnel lenses, prismatic reflectors, other sharp-edged surface profiles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B2215/00—Press-moulding glass
    • C03B2215/40—Product characteristics
    • C03B2215/41—Profiled surfaces
    • C03B2215/414—Arrays of products, e.g. lenses

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Plastically formable material which may be formed under pressure into desired shapes, is fed while in a fluid or plastically formable condition to a pair of cooperating surfaces which are relatively movable into compressive relationship with material disposed therebetween.
  • the face of at least one of such surfaces is patterned with a plurality of juxtapositioned geometrical impressions of desired size and shape so as to form a ribbon or sheet of uniformly sized and shaped particles from the plastically formable material supplied to the cooperating surfaces.
  • the uniform particles are initially joined together by thin web or edge portions which maintain the continuity of the newly formed particles within a sheet form.
  • the ribbon of newly formed particles has become sufficiently rigid, such as through the cooling of a molten thermoplastic material or the drying or firing of a green ceramic material from which such ribbon may be formed, the ribbon may then be flexed in various directions to separate the particles along the edge or web portions, thus providing a plurality of individual particles having substantially uniform size and shape.
  • the granules or particles manufactured by the present invention have utility in numerous fields including gripping elements for road surfaces and abrasive grains for use in bonded abrasive articles such as grinding wheels and snagging wheels, and coated abrasive articles such as abrasive papers and the like.
  • gripping elements for road surfaces and abrasive grains for use in bonded abrasive articles such as grinding wheels and snagging wheels
  • coated abrasive articles such as abrasive papers and the like.
  • One of the problems that has plagued the industry in the manufacture of discrete particles for use as abrasive grains has been the inability to continually reproduce grains of the same size and shape. That is, it has been customary in the past to manufacture abrasive grains by crushing abrasive type material into granular form.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 3,481,723 illustrates a method of producing shaped abrasive grains by extruding predetermined lengths of a green ceramic mixture which is then sintered to form hard abrasive grains.
  • the shape of such grains is severely limited to a pre-shaped cylindrical or prismatic configuration, with the only variable crosssection lying in a plane perpendicular to the axis of extrusion. Therefore, although the extruded sintered abrasive grains were an improvement over the randomly crushed grains, they have not been entirely satisfactory since variable three-dimensional geometric solids are not obtainable and the manufacturing process is not particularly economical.
  • the present invention not only obviates the problem of repeatably producing uniform particles of virtually identical size and shape, but also provides a simplified continuous or repeatable process for rapidly and economically producing such particles in mass production.
  • the present invention sets forth a completely new concept in the manufacture of particulate matter having uniform size and shape from a flowable plastically formable material.
  • the present invention includes the flowing of plastically formable material to a pair of cooperating forming members having one or more of the cooperating surfaces thereof engraved or contoured with recesses or patterns of desired size and shape. Accordingly, the cooperating members produce a plurality of uniform particles of substantially identical size and shape which are joined together along adjacent connecting edge portions by means of a thin web portion.
  • Any flowable plastically formable material may be supplied to the cooperating members including thermoplastic materials such as basalts and molten vitreous materials, as well as thixotropic and thermosetting materials such as ceramic batches, wherein all such materials have the property of being able to flow and be plastically formed during the application of forming pressure, while also being able to become sufficiently rigid immediately thereafter so as to maintain structural integrity. That is, when the particles are formed of a thermoplastic material, the ribbon of newly formed particles is cooled and solidified immediately thereafter in order to provide sufficient rigidity so as to maintain the structural integrity of the newly formed particles, whereas when such ribbon is formed of a ceramic batch, it may be dried or fired in order to obtain the necessary rigidity.
  • thermoplastic materials such as basalts and molten vitreous materials
  • thixotropic and thermosetting materials such as ceramic batches
  • the cooperating forming members may be either a pair of cooperating forming rollers or a mold and plunger set. That is, the particles may either be roll-formed or press-formed depending upon the particular forming device utilized, however, in both instances the forming of the plastically formable material is accomplished through a pressing force exerted between a pair of forming members having one or more cooperating surfaces thereof contoured with patterns for forming the particles of desired size and shape.
  • Roll-forming has the advantage of providing a continuous forming process
  • press-forming by means of a mold and plunger has the advantage of greater flexibility in providing lower volume speciality items.
  • the resulting particles which extend solely from one surface of the ribbon with the opposite surface being flat, such as may be utilized with coated abrasive sheets; or the particles may project outwardly in staggered relation from opposite sides of the resulting sheet; or finally, the recesses in the opposed faces may be mated or aligned and synchronized so that the resulting particles have opposed apexes projecting equally distant on opposite sides of the ribbon from a thin web-like plane bisecting the axis between such apexes.
  • the recesses or impressions formed in the cooperating surfaces are of a desired uniform size and shape, the resulting particles formed thereby are also virtually identical in both size and configuration, thus providing a theoretical selection.
  • the newly formed particles may be conveniently conveyed or transported in ribbon form for further processing as may be desired, and the plurality of particles making up the ribbon may, after becoming sufficiently rigidified to prevent deformation, then be separated or liberated therefrom in individual form by various means such as a pair of soft, off-set rolls.
  • the rolls cause the substantially rigid sheet or ribbon of particles to flex in various directions out of the plane of the sheet, thus liberating or separating the particles along the edge or web portions from the sheet as individual grains of uniform size and shape which may then be conveniently collected for bulk packaging. It will be apparent, however, that the individual particles may be liberated from the ribbon either before or after any additional treatment, such as metallizing, is undertaken.
  • FIG. 1 is a somewhat schematic perspective view illustrating the process and apparatus of the present invention for continuously forming particles of substantially identical size and shape.
  • FIG. la is a sectional view illustrating a further embodiment.
  • FIG. 2 is an elevational view in section through the bite of a pair of cooperating rollers.
  • FIG. 3 is a greatly enlarged fragmental view in plan of a plurality of particles in ribbon form produced by the rollers of FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 4 is a greatly enlarged fragmental view of a plurality of particles after they have been liberated or separated from the ribbon of particles shown in FIG. 3.
  • FIGS. 5a, 6a, 7a, 8a, 9a and 10a illustrate various shapes of particles in ribbon form which may be produced by the present invention, whereas corresponding FIGS. 5b, 6b, 7b, 8b, 9b and 10b illustrate the shape of the individual particles after they have been separated or liberated from their corresponding ribbon.
  • the ribbon R is shown as being discontinuous between conveyor rollers 18 to indicate that additional processing such as solidifying, drying, firing and metallizing may be imparted to the ribbon as desired prior to the liberating or separating of the various particles therefrom into their individual state.
  • additional processing such as solidifying, drying, firing and metallizing
  • the newly formed ribbon R if of a siliceous vitreous material, may be subjected to a metallizing treatment such as by contacting it with molten aluminum as described in US. Pat. No. 2,702,750, so as to form cermet particles which are especially suited for heavy-duty abrasive grain application.
  • the recessed or engraved patterned surface may be formed in either or both of the cooperating rollers 10, 12 as desired.
  • the recessed or engraved pattern is formed in the surface of only one roller and the opposed surface of the other cooperating roller is smooth, a plurality of particles are formed within the resulting ribbon having a flat or planar back surface, with the particles projecting outwardly only from one side of such ribbon and being joined together along adjacent edge portions thereof.
  • both of the operating surfaces l4, 16 of the cooperating forming rolls l0, 12 may be provided with desired impressions to provide a specific pattern on both sides of a ribbon of material which passes through the bite of such rollers.
  • the impressions made in the roller surfaces are uniform with respect to one another and may be of any desired size and shape such as tetrahedra, cubes, octahedra and other geometric shapes.
  • the particles formed by the recessed surfaces are initially joined together in ribbon form, either along common edge portions or by means of a narrow thin web of vitreous material, with the exact manner in which the particles are joined being dependent upon the shape being produced.
  • the recesses or impressions in each such surface may be staggered or off-set as illustrated in the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, or the impressions on the surfaces may be synchronized by the speed of rotation of the rollers so that the patterns on opposing rollers are matched when in contact with the plastically formable material at the bite of the rollers.
  • the forming members shown as plunger 10a and mold 12a are provided with cooperating surfaces having mating or matched impressions so that the patterns cooperate to form a ribbon of particles within the mold which extend outwardly from opposite sides of the ribbon per se.
  • the resultant particles may be symmetrical about a plane perpendicularly bisecting an axis passing through a pair of opposed apexes formed by each such particle.
  • adjacent particles may be connected to one another in ribbon form either by connecting edge portions or by a small connecting web portion, however, in either case the particles may be liberated from the ribbon form to their separate state by means of a pair of off-set flexing rolls or the like which permit the connected particles to break apart from the ribbon while maintaining their initially formed individual integrity.
  • any size of particle above 0.01 inches may be formed with the present invention, for the purpose of manufacturing abrasive grains we prefer to form articles having an altitude, or apex to apex distance, of between about 0.028 inches and 0.157 inches. It will be apparent that the upper size limit of particle manufacture will be limited only by the pressing capacity of the cooperating surfaces, whereas the lower limit of about 0.01 inches is dictated by the minimum thickness of the resulting web which would be sufficient to maintain the integrity of the ribbon.
  • the individual geometric shapes of the particular particles may be liberated from the rigidified ribbon or sheet by providing a sufficient deflection of the ribbon to cause a brittle fracture along the thinnest portions thereof, such as the common edges of the particle shapes or the thin web of vitreous material between such shapes.
  • the liberated particles of geometric shapes are then collected and further processed as dictated by their end use.
  • the forming rollers 110, 112 are provided with recessed or engraved pattern surfaces 114, 116 which are staggered or off-set with one another at the bite 118 of the rollers.
  • Each of the patterned surfaces 114, 116 is provided with a plurality of pyramidal or tetrahedral shaped recesses of equal size and shape.
  • the plastically formable material G such as molten glass, which is fed to the forming rollers 110, 112, is formed into a ribbon R having a plurality of off-set tetrahedral or pyramidal particles P extending outwardly from both sides thereof. As shown in FIG.
  • the pyramidal particles P extending outwardly from one side of the ribbon R are bound together along connecting edges 120 of the flats or bottoms 122 of pyramidal particles P extending outwardly from the opposite side of the ribbon.
  • the individual particles P after being liberated from the ribbon R and falling into the container 22, are all of the same size and shape as originally formed by the cavities or recesses of the forming rollers.
  • FIGS. 5a through b which illustrate some of the various forms of ribbons and particles which may be produced by the present invention
  • the ribbons shown in FIGS. 5a, 6a, 7a and 8a all have a flat or planar back or bottom surface, such as would be produced when only one roll or mold surface is provided with a recessed or engraved pattern.
  • the ribbon 50 of FIG. 5a is formed of a plurality of particles 51, shown in FIG. 5b, having the appearance of a slightly rounded cube or frustum.
  • the web or connecting edge portion of the particles 51 is shown at 120.
  • ribbon 100 produces particles 101, each of which has a pair of symmetrical shapes, similar to particle 51, extending outwardly on opposite sides of the ribbon from a plane perpendicularly bisecting an axis extending between opposed apexes of the particle 101.
  • the connecting edge or web portions which lie in the bisecting plane are shown at 120.
  • Ribbon 60, of FIG. 6a produces a plurality of pyramids 61 having a square base and four triangular sides converging at an apex. If a second roller, having a patterned recess similar to that on the first roller forming particle 61, were synchronized with such first roller, a particle projecting outwardly from opposite sides of the ribbon and having an octrahedral configuration would be formed.
  • FIG. 7a illustrates a ribbon for forming a multi-surfaced particle 71 having numerous edges which are useful when the particle is used as a cutting grain.
  • FIG. 8a illustrates a ribbon which produces particles 81 having an eight-sided configuration.
  • ribbons 50, 60, 70 and 80 which are provided with a flat or planar back surface, may be utilized in the as-produced ribbon form, after being suitably treated, by providing the same with backing sheets so as to form coated abrasive articles.
  • FIG. 9a illustrates a ribbon for producing particles 91 having a hexahedral configuration.
  • Such configuration would be formed by rollers 110, 112, when the speed thereof is adjusted so that the impressed or recessed portions 114, 116 are synchronized and cooper ate with one another as they pass through the bite 118 of the rollers.
  • the mating surfaces of plunger 10a and mold 1211 could produce the hexahedral particle configuration of FIGS. 90 and 9b.
  • particle 91 is characterized by a pair of opposed pyramids projecting outwardly from opposite sides of the ribbon 90 such that the connecting web 120 or plane of the ribbon 90 bisects and axis extending between opposed apexes 92 of the hexahedral configuration of the shaped particle 91.
  • the present invention permits a highly controlled geometric shape of the particle is of particular significance when such particle is used as an abrasive grain. That is, improved abrasive performance can be achieved by controlling the shape to maximize grain sharpness and grain toughness. Also, the shape can be designed to supply anchors for the resin or other bond utilized to hold the grains on a grinding or snagging wheel and thereby increase the strength and life of such a wheel. Further, the shape may be optimized to increase the particle packing of the grains and thus increase the volume of grains per wheel. Finally, the present process allows for very accurate control of the particle size distribution of the grains produced, and therefor permits the manufacture of highly reproducible abrasive products from such grains.
  • any desired geometric shape of particle may be continuously or intermittantly reproduced either in a single patterned surface or in cooperating patterned surfaces, and such particles may be formed of virtually any desired plastically formable material which becomes rigid and sets-up after forming, such as by firing or cooling.
  • the particles are formed from green ceramic material or thermoplastic materials, such as basalts or siliceous glass compositions, with the latter progiding a basis for transforming the particles into cermets by known metallizing processes.
  • Such metallizing processes are described in US. Pat. No. 2,702,750, however, we prefer to subject the newly formed siliceous particles into contact with molten aluminum at about 700C for about 2 Va to 10 hours, for No. 20 to No. 6 grit sizes, respectively.
  • operating parameters may vary over wide limits depending upon the material being produced, the following specific example is given merely for purposes of illustration.
  • a 17.6% MgO-29.7% Al O -9.1% B O -43.6% SiO glass was melted at l,650C and poured at about l,400C between a pair of cooperating water cooled stainless steel forming rolls.
  • Each of the rolls was provided with an engraved or recessed patterned surface in the form of one half of an octrahedra] impression, and the rolls were then synchronized so that the patterns on opposing rolls were matched when in contact with the molten glass at the bite thereof.
  • the rolls were rotated at approximately 28 RPM and spaced about 0.005 inches apart.
  • the formed glass ribbon was pulled vertically downwardly from the rolls and contained small glass octrahedra measuring 0.069 inches from point to point along an axis extending between opposed apexes thereof.
  • the octrahedra were separated by a thin web of glass which laid within a plane bisecting the axis extending between the apexes. On cooling, theribbon was easily broken'to liberate the small glass octrahedra which were then collected for further treatment.
  • a method of continuously forming particles of uniform size and shape from flowable batch material which comprises:
  • a method of continuously forming uniform abrasive grains of desired size and shape from flowable thermoplastic vitreous or thermosetting ceramic material comprising:
  • a method of continuously forming uniform abrasive grains of desired size and shape from flowable siliceous material comprising:

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Glanulating (AREA)
US253186A 1972-05-15 1972-05-15 Method of manufacturing particles of uniform size and shape Expired - Lifetime US3859407A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US253186A US3859407A (en) 1972-05-15 1972-05-15 Method of manufacturing particles of uniform size and shape
FR7234480A FR2184579B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-05-15 1972-09-29
DE2324111A DE2324111A1 (de) 1972-05-15 1973-05-12 Verfahren zum herstellen von partikeln gleicher form und groesse
JP48053476A JPS4941274A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-05-15 1973-05-14
GB2303473A GB1416788A (en) 1972-05-15 1973-05-15 Forming particles having uniform size and shape
US05/577,473 US4261706A (en) 1972-05-15 1975-05-14 Method of manufacturing connected particles of uniform size and shape with a backing

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US253186A US3859407A (en) 1972-05-15 1972-05-15 Method of manufacturing particles of uniform size and shape

Related Child Applications (1)

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US05469449 Division 1974-05-13

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US3859407A true US3859407A (en) 1975-01-07

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US253186A Expired - Lifetime US3859407A (en) 1972-05-15 1972-05-15 Method of manufacturing particles of uniform size and shape

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US (1) US3859407A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS4941274A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2324111A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2184579B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1416788A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (109)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3977132A (en) * 1974-03-18 1976-08-31 The Japan Carlit Company, Ltd. Process for manufacturing high strength Al2 O3 -ZRO3 alloy grains
US4261706A (en) * 1972-05-15 1981-04-14 Corning Glass Works Method of manufacturing connected particles of uniform size and shape with a backing
US4323533A (en) * 1979-08-17 1982-04-06 Monsanto Company Rotary forming of articles
US4340342A (en) * 1981-01-16 1982-07-20 The B. F. Goodrich Company Apparatus for processing elastomeric materials
US4393021A (en) * 1981-06-09 1983-07-12 Vereinigte Schmirgel Und Maschinen-Fabriken Ag Method for the manufacture of granular grit for use as abrasives
US4469645A (en) * 1975-07-16 1984-09-04 Ludwig Eigenmann Production of transparent globules
US4481016A (en) * 1978-08-18 1984-11-06 Campbell Nicoll A D Method of making tool inserts and drill bits
US4813990A (en) * 1987-07-20 1989-03-21 Therma-Tru Corp. Method of making a bevelled glass assembly
US4880585A (en) * 1986-04-11 1989-11-14 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Continuous method of tableting
US5049335A (en) * 1989-01-25 1991-09-17 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Method for making polycrystalline flakes of magnetic materials having strong grain orientation
US5049166A (en) * 1990-02-27 1991-09-17 Washington Mills Ceramics Corporation Light weight abrasive tumbling media and method of making same
US5201916A (en) * 1992-07-23 1993-04-13 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Shaped abrasive particles and method of making same
US5366523A (en) * 1992-07-23 1994-11-22 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Abrasive article containing shaped abrasive particles
WO1995024131A1 (en) * 1994-03-09 1995-09-14 Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company Method and apparatus for forming miniature size confectionery products
US5500273A (en) * 1993-06-30 1996-03-19 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Abrasive articles comprising precisely shaped particles
US5632668A (en) * 1993-10-29 1997-05-27 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Method for the polishing and finishing of optical lenses
AU680322B2 (en) * 1993-12-20 1997-07-24 Saint-Gobain/Norton Industrial Ceramics Corporation Molding shaped articles
US5658184A (en) * 1993-09-13 1997-08-19 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Nail tool and method of using same to file, polish and/or buff a fingernail or a toenail
US5672097A (en) * 1993-09-13 1997-09-30 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Abrasive article for finishing
US5681217A (en) * 1994-02-22 1997-10-28 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Abrasive article, a method of making same, and a method of using same for finishing
US5820450A (en) * 1992-01-13 1998-10-13 Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Company Abrasive article having precise lateral spacing between abrasive composite members
EP0881049A1 (en) * 1997-05-28 1998-12-02 STEEL BELT SYSTEMS S.r.l. A device for working sheet material
US5851247A (en) * 1997-02-24 1998-12-22 Minnesota Mining & Manufacturing Company Structured abrasive article adapted to abrade a mild steel workpiece
US5913716A (en) * 1993-05-26 1999-06-22 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Method of providing a smooth surface on a substrate
US5984988A (en) * 1992-07-23 1999-11-16 Minnesota Minning & Manufacturing Company Shaped abrasive particles and method of making same
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FR2184579A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-12-28
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FR2184579B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1976-08-20

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