US3842626A - Needle foot shoe for knitting needle - Google Patents

Needle foot shoe for knitting needle Download PDF

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Publication number
US3842626A
US3842626A US00221906*A US22190672A US3842626A US 3842626 A US3842626 A US 3842626A US 22190672 A US22190672 A US 22190672A US 3842626 A US3842626 A US 3842626A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
needle
foot
shoe
metal
polymer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00221906*A
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English (en)
Inventor
E Stivers
C Fischer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Raychem Corp
Original Assignee
Raychem Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Raychem Corp filed Critical Raychem Corp
Priority to US00221906*A priority Critical patent/US3842626A/en
Priority to AU51395/73A priority patent/AU5139573A/en
Priority to IT19689/73A priority patent/IT978536B/it
Priority to JP48012398A priority patent/JPS4882151A/ja
Priority to FR7303169A priority patent/FR2170698A5/fr
Priority to BE794828D priority patent/BE794828A/xx
Priority to CH133873A priority patent/CH556420A/xx
Priority to DE2304727A priority patent/DE2304727A1/de
Priority to US05/491,327 priority patent/US3964274A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3842626A publication Critical patent/US3842626A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04B—KNITTING
    • D04B35/00—Details of, or auxiliary devices incorporated in, knitting machines, not otherwise provided for
    • D04B35/02—Knitting tools or instruments not provided for in group D04B15/00 or D04B27/00
    • D04B35/04—Latch needles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12354—Nonplanar, uniform-thickness material having symmetrical channel shape or reverse fold [e.g., making acute angle, etc.]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12535—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.] with additional, spatially distinct nonmetal component
    • Y10T428/12556—Organic component
    • Y10T428/12569—Synthetic resin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
    • Y10T428/12493—Composite; i.e., plural, adjacent, spatially distinct metal components [e.g., layers, joint, etc.]
    • Y10T428/12771—Transition metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12806—Refractory [Group IVB, VB, or VIB] metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12826—Group VIB metal-base component
    • Y10T428/12847—Cr-base component
    • Y10T428/12854—Next to Co-, Fe-, or Ni-base component
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31678—Of metal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
    • Y10T428/31678—Of metal
    • Y10T428/31681—Next to polyester, polyamide or polyimide [e.g., alkyd, glue, or nylon, etc.]

Definitions

  • the improved needle for use in knitting machines is disclosed herein.
  • the improved needle can operate at higher speeds than prior art needles without undue needle breakage.
  • the needles are of the type which have a hook and latch at one end, a shaft extending from the hook and a needle foot protruding outwardly from the shaft.
  • the foot is adapted to ride in a needle foot guide channel which causes the needle to move in an axial direction.
  • the improved needle has a shoe covering at least a portion of the needle foot.
  • the shoe is fabricated from a material which has a shear modulus of at least one million pounds per square inch and a loss tangent greater than 0.01.
  • the shoe may be fabricated from a metal or a metal-elastomer composrte.
  • the field of the invention is'knitting needles of the type used in knitting machines such as circular knitting machines.
  • Such needles have a hook and hinged latch at one end.
  • a shaft extends from the hook portion and a foot protrudes outwardly from the shaft.
  • a plurality of such needles are used in a knitting machine and various needle holding and guide members are used to position and move the needles.
  • the axial position of a needle is governed by the locating of the needle foot in a needle foot guide channel which may comprise a groove cut in the inner surface of a cylinder.
  • an improved needle having a shoe covering at least a portion of the needle foot of knitting machine needles.
  • the material from which the shoe is fabricated should have both a relatively high modulus (shear modulus greater than 10 pounds per square inch) and relatively good damping characteristics (loss tangent greater than 0.01 In nature most materials which have a high modulus also have poor damping characteristics and materials which have good damping characteristics tend to have a low modulus. Particular materials are disclosed herein, however, which achieve this unusual combination of attributes.
  • the shoe may either be ametal having excellent damping characteristics or a metalpolymer laminate or composite. Examples of metals having excellent damping characteristics are certain alloys of titanium and nickel and certain alloys of copper including copper-manganese alloys; particularly appropriate alloys are discussed below.
  • the metal when the shoe is a metal-polymer composite, it is not essential that the metal itself have excellent clamping characteristics.
  • the metal could be hard ened steel and the polymer could be nylon 6,6 or a polyurethane. Further details regarding these metalpolymer composites are given below.
  • FIG. 1 is a side elevation of a knitting needle of the type used in knitting machines.
  • FIG. 2 is a side elevation of a needle foot guide having two needles positioned adjacent thereto.
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged view taken along line 3-3 of FIG. 1 showing the needle foot.
  • FIG. 4 is a front elevation of the needle foot of FIG. 3 partially surrounded by a shoe.
  • FIG. 5 is a view taken long line 55 of FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 6 is a front elevation of a needle foot-and shoe.
  • FIG. 7 is a front elevation of a needle foot and shoe.
  • FIG. 8 is a front elevation of a needlefoot and shoe.
  • FIG. 1 A knitting needle of the type used in knitting machines is shown in FIG. 1 and identified by reference character 10.
  • the needle'.l0 has ahook 11 at one end and has a longitudinal shaft 12 which extends from a hook area down to the base 13.
  • a foot 14 protrudes from one side of shaft 12 and longitudinal movement of the needle is brought about by forces exerted on foot 14 in a manner described below.
  • Stress relief notches l5 and 16 are formed in the shaft adjacent foot 14.
  • a pivotally mounted latch 17 which opens when the needle moves upwardly through woven material and closes when the needle moves downwardly.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates needles l0 and 20 positioned between side walls in the needle groove 22 of needle guide 21.
  • the needles are commonly held in place by a cooperating series of grooves not shown) located in a needle holding member which travels with respect to needle guide 21 These grooves position the needles in a constant spacing but permit the needles to move in a longitudinal direction.
  • the needle guide 21 is then moved with respect to the needles in the direction of arrow a.
  • a needle foot such as that identified by reference character 14 in FIG. 1, rides in needle groove 22 and the movement of needle guide 21 with respect to the needle can result in longitudinal movement of the needle.
  • needle 10 when guide 21 is moved in the direction of arrow a, needle 10 will move upwardly in the direction of arrow b as long as the needle foot is riding in the inclined portion 23 of needle groove 22.
  • the vertical position of the needle When the needle foot reaches the horizontal portion 24 of needle groove 22, the vertical position of the needle will remain constant until the needle foot reaches inclined portion 25 of groove 22.
  • the needle will remain in a constant vertical position when the needle foot is riding in horizontal portion 26 of groove 22 and will move downwardlywhenthe foot is in section 27 of groove 22.
  • the inclined portions of groove 22 may be at various angles with respect to the horizontal other than that shown in the drawing at 45.
  • the desired increase in the movement of the needle results from in a faster relative surface speed between the needle foot guide 21 and the needle. It has been found that the needles begin to break in the hook area if the needle movement becomes too rapid.
  • the present invention is directed toward solving this breaking problem.
  • the needle foot 14 of needle is shown in end view in FIG. 3.
  • Stress relief notches and 16 are used to decrease the stress and thus reduce breakage of the needle at the point between the needle foot and the needle shaft.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 One such shoe is shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 where a C shaped shoe 30 is shown partially surrounding needle foot 14.
  • Shoe 30 is composed of a metal having the desired combination of a shear modulus greater than 10 pounds per square inch and a loss tangent greater than 0.01.
  • the shear modulus is, of course, the ratio of the shearing stress to the corresponding shearing strain. It is expressed in force per unit area and in the present application specifically in pounds per square inch.
  • the shear modulus can be determined for laminated materials and a laminate made from one layer of a metal and a layer of a typical polymer of equivalent thickness will have a shear modulus approximately one-half that of the metal used. That is, the strength of the laminate will depend almost entirely on the metal layer.
  • the ability of a material to perform a damping function is commonly expressed by the loss tangent.
  • the loss tangent is expressed by the following formula:
  • a Amplitude of n wave A Amplitude of n"' 1 wave
  • the above amplitudes are determined at low frequency by the use of a torsional pendulum.
  • the loss tangent of laminated materials can be de-- termined by testing a sample of the laminate.
  • the loss tangent of a of a laminate comprising an elastic layer and a viscous layer will, of course, be determined largely by the nature of the viscous material.
  • Shoe 30 should also have excellent wear characteristics so that it will not be abraded by contact with the needle foot guide.
  • Metals having the requisite shear modulus and loss tangent levels together with acceptable wear characteristics include many alloys which also exhibit the characteristic of memory, that is, a return to an original configuration with temperature change.
  • a particularly effective composition comprises alloys having as major ingredients the metals titanium and nickel.
  • Many alloys having major proportions of titanium and nickel are known to possess the ability to transform from a martensitic crystal structure having excellent damping characteristics to an austenitic structure upon warming. Excellent damping characteristics are possessed by such alloys when in their martensitic state.
  • the present invention includes the use of alloys having major proportions of titanium and nickel which alloys exist in the martensitic state at the operating temperature of the metallic member.
  • Means for establishing a desired transformation temperature are known and include varying the percentage of titanium and nickel. Furthermore, the transformation temperature may be adjusted by the addition of small amounts of other metals such as cobalt, iron, aluminum and manganese.
  • a more complete disclosure of the nature of such alloys may be found in an application filed July 2, 1970, by John D. Harrison, et al., Ser. No. 51,809, and an application filed on the same day by Harrison, et al., Ser. No. 52,l 12, now U.S. Pat. No. 3,753,700, issued Aug. 21, 1973. Both the application and the patent are assigned to the assignee of the present invention. The disclosures of these two applications are incorporated by reference herein for purposes of background information.
  • a typical alloy useful in the practice of the present invention contains the following metals expressed 'in atomic percent: 50% Ti, 50% Ni. Such an alloy has a loss tangent of 0.036, and a shear modulus of 2.87 X 10 pounds per square inch.
  • a shoe useful in the practice of the present invention can alternatively be achieved by the use of a metal-polymer composite.
  • a metal-polymer composite One such composite is shown in FIG. 6 where a C shaped shoe is shown partially surrounding needle foot 14.
  • the shoe comprises a metallic member 35 and quantities of polymer 36 and 37 are located between the upper and lower faces of needle foot 14 and the inner surface of metallic member 35.
  • the metallic member 35 need not be fabricated from a metal having good damping characteristics. Its wearing and friction characteristics may then be a major consideration.
  • Polymer 36 should possess excellent damping characteristics and suitable polymers include polyurethane elastomers, nylon, such as nylon 6,6, polytetrafluoroethylene copolymer elastomers, a polyamide whose repeating units comprise a tetravalent organic moiety and the residue of either 1, l2 diamino dodecamethylene or 1, 13 diamino tridecamethylene.
  • suitable polymers include polyurethane elastomers, nylon, such as nylon 6,6, polytetrafluoroethylene copolymer elastomers, a polyamide whose repeating units comprise a tetravalent organic moiety and the residue of either 1, l2 diamino dodecamethylene or 1, 13 diamino tridecamethylene.
  • the metallic member 35 of such composites may be hardened steel, titanium-nickel alloys having an austeniticcrystal structure, or other metal having relativelyhigh strength and wear characteristics.
  • Stainless steel alloys may also be used.
  • FIG. 7 A different location of polymer of a composite shoe is shown in FIG. 7 where metallic member 40 is separated from foot 14 by a C shaped layer of polymer 41. This location of polymer prevents any rubbing contact between member 40 and foot 14 and, tends to increase the damping characteristics of the composite.
  • the composite shoe shown in FIG. 8 is similar to that shown in FIG. 7 where metallic member 42 is separated from foot 14 by a C shaped layer of polymer 43.
  • the upper and lower surfaces 44 and 45 of member 42 are coated with a hardened composition such as tungsten carbide in order to improve the wearing characteristics of member 42.
  • the tungsten carbide may be flame plated when the metallic member is not readily plated by other means.
  • Member 42 may be fabricated from metals like those described useful for the fabrication of member 35. Friction-reducing agents or coatings such as molybdenum disulfide may be used on the outer surface of the metallic members to further reduce wear.
  • the metal-polymer shoe is capable of providing protection from breakage as a result of the ability of this composite to dissipate mechanical energy in the form of heat. Heat is generated by the physical distortion of a layer of viscoelastic material sandwiched between the vibrating structure and a thin metal constraining layer. While not bound by any theory, it is believed that needle breakage results from resonant vibration which is reduced or prevented by the presence of the metal-polymer composite.
  • the shoes shown in the drawings are C shaped, other shapes may also be used.
  • the shoe can be in the shape of an elongated 0.
  • the shoe could merely surround the top and bottom surfaces of the needle foot and thus be in the shape of two Us.
  • the outer surface of the composition be rounded in order to reduce wear both upon the composite itself and on the needle foot guide.
  • Various coatings may be placed on the outer surface of the shoes in order to reduce corrosion, friction or wear. Such coatings are known to those skilled in the art and will not be described here in detail.
  • One example is a chromium plating known by the trade name Electrolized.”
  • the polymer may be applied to the needle foot in any conventional manner such as the insertion of a premolded member over the needle foot prior to the placement of the metallic chamber.
  • the polymer may be molded directly over the needle foot and a hole or plurality of openings or indentations may be provided in the needle foot to hold the polymer in place.
  • the needle foot may be dipped in a liquid plastic which may then be cured or dried to form the polymeric member.
  • the metal and polymer may be laminated or adhered to one another prior to placement over the needle foot.
  • the polymer could be provided in the form of a heat-shrinkable tube which could be placed over the needle foot and shrunk in place prior to the placing of the metallic member around the polymer. It is advantageous to provide a tight fit between the needle foot and the polymer in order to reduce the amount of impact exerted on the polymer by the needle foot.
  • the needle foot should, of course, be modified in exterior dimensions to permit the shoe to be placed over it without causing a binding of the shoe in the needle groove.
  • the separation between the outer surface of the shoe and the needle groove should not be so great, however, as to cause an impact or slap between the shoe and the groove. Since wear can increase this tolerance a high wear surface such as tungsten-carbide is advantageous.
  • a knitting machine needle of the type which has a hook at one end, a shaft extending from the hook and a needle foot extending outwardly from the said shaft and adapted to ride in a needle foot guide channel having sidewalls wherein the improvement comprises shoe means positioned over at least that portion of said foot which contacts the side walls of said needle foot guide channelQwherein said shoe means comprises an outer layer of metal and an inner layer of polymer and has a shear modulusof at least 1,000,000 pounds per square inch and a loss tangent of at least 0.01.
  • said polymer is a polyamide whose repeating units comprise a tetravalent organic moiety and the residue selected from the group consisting of 1, l2 diamino dodecamethylene and l, 13 diamino tridecamethylene.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Knitting Machines (AREA)
US00221906*A 1972-01-31 1972-01-31 Needle foot shoe for knitting needle Expired - Lifetime US3842626A (en)

Priority Applications (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00221906*A US3842626A (en) 1972-01-31 1972-01-31 Needle foot shoe for knitting needle
AU51395/73A AU5139573A (en) 1972-01-31 1973-01-24 Needle foot shoe for knitting needle
IT19689/73A IT978536B (it) 1972-01-31 1973-01-26 Pattino per piede di ago per macchina di maglieria
FR7303169A FR2170698A5 (US07909887-20110322-C00021.png) 1972-01-31 1973-01-30
JP48012398A JPS4882151A (US07909887-20110322-C00021.png) 1972-01-31 1973-01-30
BE794828D BE794828A (fr) 1972-01-31 1973-01-31 Garniture de talon pour aiguille a tricoter
CH133873A CH556420A (de) 1972-01-31 1973-01-31 Nadel fuer strickmaschinen.
DE2304727A DE2304727A1 (de) 1972-01-31 1973-01-31 Nadelfussbelag fuer stricknadeln
US05/491,327 US3964274A (en) 1972-01-31 1974-07-24 Needle foot shoe for knitting needle

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00221906*A US3842626A (en) 1972-01-31 1972-01-31 Needle foot shoe for knitting needle

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US05/491,327 Division US3964274A (en) 1972-01-31 1974-07-24 Needle foot shoe for knitting needle

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3842626A true US3842626A (en) 1974-10-22

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ID=22829916

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00221906*A Expired - Lifetime US3842626A (en) 1972-01-31 1972-01-31 Needle foot shoe for knitting needle

Country Status (8)

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US (1) US3842626A (US07909887-20110322-C00021.png)
JP (1) JPS4882151A (US07909887-20110322-C00021.png)
AU (1) AU5139573A (US07909887-20110322-C00021.png)
BE (1) BE794828A (US07909887-20110322-C00021.png)
CH (1) CH556420A (US07909887-20110322-C00021.png)
DE (1) DE2304727A1 (US07909887-20110322-C00021.png)
FR (1) FR2170698A5 (US07909887-20110322-C00021.png)
IT (1) IT978536B (US07909887-20110322-C00021.png)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3874199A (en) * 1972-06-19 1975-04-01 Theodor Groz & Sonne Latch needle for knitting machines
US3964274A (en) * 1972-01-31 1976-06-22 Raychem Corporation Needle foot shoe for knitting needle
US4831847A (en) * 1987-05-06 1989-05-23 Precision Fukuhara Works, Ltd. Knitting machine parts

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2820925C2 (de) * 1978-05-12 1982-11-18 Sulzer Morat Gmbh, 7024 Filderstadt Gestanztes Strickwerkzeug für Strickmaschinen
DE3043362C2 (de) * 1980-11-17 1986-02-27 Vsesojuznyj naučno-issledovatel'skij institut legkogo i tekstil'nogo mašinostroenija, Moskau/Moskva Maschenbildungsvorrichtung für eine Strickmaschine
JPS60162848A (ja) * 1984-01-30 1985-08-24 オルガン針株式会社 メリヤス針
JPH043030Y2 (US07909887-20110322-C00021.png) * 1987-05-06 1992-01-31
JPH04263658A (ja) * 1991-02-18 1992-09-18 Fukuhara Seiki Seisakusho:Kk 編機用編針

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3964274A (en) * 1972-01-31 1976-06-22 Raychem Corporation Needle foot shoe for knitting needle
US3874199A (en) * 1972-06-19 1975-04-01 Theodor Groz & Sonne Latch needle for knitting machines
US4831847A (en) * 1987-05-06 1989-05-23 Precision Fukuhara Works, Ltd. Knitting machine parts

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE2304727A1 (de) 1973-08-23
JPS4882151A (US07909887-20110322-C00021.png) 1973-11-02
CH556420A (de) 1974-11-29
FR2170698A5 (US07909887-20110322-C00021.png) 1973-09-14
BE794828A (fr) 1973-07-31
IT978536B (it) 1974-09-20
AU5139573A (en) 1974-07-25

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