US3837980A - Grass-like pile product - Google Patents

Grass-like pile product Download PDF

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Publication number
US3837980A
US3837980A US36825073A US3837980A US 3837980 A US3837980 A US 3837980A US 36825073 A US36825073 A US 36825073A US 3837980 A US3837980 A US 3837980A
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Prior art keywords
pile
product
ribbons
grass
ribbon
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Expired - Lifetime
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English (en)
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T Nishimura
Y Nakayama
S Yamashita
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Toray Industries Inc
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Toray Industries Inc
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H11/00—Non-woven pile fabrics
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A41—WEARING APPAREL
    • A41G—ARTIFICIAL FLOWERS; WIGS; MASKS; FEATHERS
    • A41G1/00—Artificial flowers, fruit, leaves, or trees; Garlands
    • A41G1/009—Artificial grass
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/253—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a non-circular cross section; Spinnerette packs therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C13/00—Pavings or foundations specially adapted for playgrounds or sports grounds; Drainage, irrigation or heating of sports grounds
    • E01C13/08—Surfaces simulating grass ; Grass-grown sports grounds
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/23907—Pile or nap type surface or component
    • Y10T428/23957—Particular shape or structure of pile
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/23907—Pile or nap type surface or component
    • Y10T428/23993—Composition of pile or adhesive

Definitions

  • Synthetic grass products of improved quality are made of thermoplastic monofilament ribbons having a cross section in which the ribbons are thickest at the center, and taper off toward both edges and which have a stem-like projection about its center on both sides of the tapered portion.
  • the synthetic grass products are produced by conventional tufting, weaving, knitting, or flock-coating techniques and have resilient synthetic foam attached to the backing on the side opposite to the extending ribbons.
  • This invention pertains to an improved synthetic grasslike pile product which simulates natural grass. More specifically, this invention relates to a grass-like pile product which may be both indoors and outdoors for a variety of recreational and sports activities.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross section, greatly enlarged, of the thermoplastic ribbon which is preferred for the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows a cross section, greatly enlarged, of a modified ribbon, wherein the tapered portion is formed by a wave-like side, and which is also preferred for the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross section, greatly enlarged, of a comparative ribbon which is mentioned in the examples.
  • FIG. 4 shows a cross sectional view of the pile product, showing the construction of a preferred embodiment.
  • a grass-like pile product should be comprised of thermoplastic monofilament ribbons, each having a crosssection in which the ribbon is thickest at its center and tapered off toward both edges, and also having a stem-like projection about the center of each side of the tapered portions, as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the grass-like pile of this invention normally consists of extended monofilament of to 600 denier, which is extruded from polyamide, polyester, or polyolefin, but preferably polyamides, such as nylon 6, nylon 66, nylon 12 nylon 610 and filament-forming copolymers thereof.
  • a grass-like pile having a width of between 0.016 to 0.06 inches is preferred for this application, since ribbons having these cross sectional dimensions possess the good appearance and physical properties which promote its usefulness as a substitute for natural turf.
  • cut pile ribbons which have a substantially rectangular cross section are first separated in the direction of the longitudinal axis thereof. This separation "accelerates and the pile product wears out under repeated impacts, such as those resulting from usage as a golfing surface. The separations occur most frequently at the center portion of the ribbon having a substantially rectangular cross section, because the impact stress is greatest at the center.
  • the grass-like pile ribbon is thickest across its center and tapered olf toward both edges, so that the impact stress is thereby distributed evenly along the cross section of the ribbon.
  • the preferred ribbons have tapered portions forming an angle of between 5 and 30 degrees.
  • the angle of the tapered portion is defined as the angle formed by the intersection of the tangents formed along the edge of the tapered portions.
  • the ribbons have a wave-like side along the perimeter of the tapered portion, since the wave-like side serves to deluster the sheen of the flat surface of the ribbon and also to impart a good appearance, like that of natural turf.
  • the cross section of the preferable ribbon has a wave-like side with an interval of from 0.003 to 0.008 inches between adjacent convexities.
  • the polyamide may be further stabilized by incorporation of any of a number of well known weather stabilizers.
  • the preferable weather stabilizer is Irganox 1222, which is a phenolic antioxidant containing phosphorus, and available from Ciba-Geigy Ltd.
  • the grass-like pile products are produced by conventional tufting, weaving, knitting, or flock-coating process. Tufting, weaving, and knitting, however, are preferable for producing grass-like pile products which are used for indoor and outdoor sports activities.
  • tufting process 5 to ply monofilament ribbons are tufted into the backing formed from polyester, acrylic, or polypropylene fibers.
  • fabrics, or nonwoven backing formed from polyester fiber are utilized because of the dimensional stability to moisture change.
  • a surface pile weight of more than 11 oz./yd. (600 g./m. is required for use in sports activities.
  • the pile height depends on the utilization of the turf. For general play ground activities, such as tennis, volleyball, baseball, and football, a pile height of about A to inch is preferable.
  • a suitable tufting backing is a fabric woven from polyester filament of 1500 denier, or from polyester spun yarn of 10s/2 and having a weight of about 8.9 oz./yd. (300 g./m.
  • a suitable tufting backing is a nonwoven fabric made of a mixture of polyester staples and polypropylene staples, and having a weight of 7.5 oz./yd. (250 g./m.
  • a typical tufting machine which may be used is the 5/32 gauge cut pile machine manufactured by Courtesy Cobble Bros. Machine Co.
  • Another preferred method for producing the product of this invention is accomplished by weaving the monofilament pile ribbons and the warp and fill backing yarn together on a conventional Wilton cut-pile loom.
  • a backing composed of yarns fashioned into a fabric having 8 picks per inch and 8 to 14 ounces per square yard is generally satisfactory.
  • Another preferred method for producing the product of this invention is accomplished by knitting the monofilament ribbons and the backing yarns.
  • the knitting operation may be performed on a conventional fiat-bed, warp-knitting machine, which has been provided with a cutting attachment adapted to cut the loops formed by the ribbon to produce a cut-pile face.
  • An example of the knitting machine is the 200 inch Model F Flatbed Knitting Machine manufactured by Cocker Machine & Foundry.
  • Still another preferred method for producing the product of the present invention is by a flock-coating process.
  • the monofilament ribbons are cut into short lengths, for example A inch, and deposited on a backing having an adhesive layer thereon, by means of an electrostatic force.
  • the short fibers should have sufiicient electrical conductivity to be attracted by the electrostatic force.
  • thermoplastic monofilaments have excess electrical resistance for this process, they should first be subjected to treatments, which impart a sufficient electrical conductivity.
  • One general method to accomplish this conductivity enhancement is to treat the thermoplastic monofilaments with various types of surface active agents. We have found that a mixture of the composition which appears in Table I, is among the surface active agents perferred for use in such treatments.
  • a solution of latex or other adhesive material is applied to the back of the fabric by means of a roller coating process or the like.
  • the latex provides dimensional stability to the fabric and also serves to anchor the ribbons to the backing material.
  • suitable latex adhesive solutions are styrene-butadiene rubber, (hereinafter SBR), nitrylbutadiene rubber (hereinafter NBR), and polyethylene/ vinyl acetate copolymer.
  • a plastic foam such as polyvinyl chloride. polyethylene or rubber, may be used for purposes of this invention.
  • polyvinyl chloride closed-cell foam is preferred for outdoor application, because of its more than adequate physical strength and weather resistance.
  • a preferred method of applying the polyvinyl chloride closedcell foam is by coating the back side of the pile product with a plastisol of polyvinyl chloride compounds which contains entrapped air bubbles.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a cross-section of the pile product.
  • the pile 1 formed from pigmented monofilament ribbon has a cross section as shown in FIG. 1 or FIG. 2.
  • the ribbon has a spiral crimp and does not extend in an absolutely straight fashion from backing 2.
  • the ribbon is anchored securely therein by a bonding agent 3, and synthetic foam 4 is applied to the backing to improve the physical properties of the pile product.
  • One successful method for imparting the spiral crimps to the monofilament ribbons is by twisting several plies of ribbon before making the pile product. Using this method it is more desirable to set the twist by heat treatment. The monofilament ribbons are then made into pile products and each ribbon is separated by brushing.
  • Another useful method for producing spiral crimps in the monofilament ribbons is to form latent crimps in the ribbons.
  • Conventional methods of producing latent crimps are well known. For example, a typical method is to make unsymmetric heat treatments on the surface of the filament before producing pile products, so that latent crimps will appear upon subsequent heating of the ribbons after weaving, knitting or tufting.
  • Example 1 Monofilament ribbons having a cross section as shown in FIG. 1 were produced from nylon 6 whose relative viscosity is 3.20 at 25 C. in a 98% sulfuric acid solution by a conventional melt extrusion method with a standard screw extruder and auxiliaries.
  • the monofilament ribbons were pigmented by adding a mixture of 1.64 percent cadmium yellow, 0.28 percent phthalocyanine green and 0.08 percent carbon black, based on polymer weight, before spinning.
  • the pigments were mixed with nylon 6 pellets by a Henchel mixer manufactured by Mituimiike Mfg. Co., Japan.
  • the resultant ribbons were about 300 denier, 0.026 inches wide, and had an angle of the tapered portion of about 10 degrees. Five ply of the ribbons were twisted together by a conventional ring twister and then 2 ply of these twisted ribbons were likewise twisted together. Thus, the number of twists was 5 x 2 turns per inch.
  • the twisted 10 ply of the ribbon was then tufted into a backing fabric of polyester filaments.
  • the tufting gauge was inch, the stitch was 8 per inch, and the pile height was /2 inch.
  • the comparative pile product A was comprised of monofilament ribbons which had a substantially rectangular cross section and which were about 300 denier and 0.028 inches wide.
  • the comparative pile product B shown in FIG. 3 was comprised of monofilament ribbons which had a cross section similar to that of the invention, except that they had no tapered edges.
  • the monofilament ribbons of comparative pile product B were about 300 denier and 0.027 inches wide.
  • Example 2 The same three pile products prepared in Example 1 were tested for comparative resistance to impact bendmg.
  • the resistance to impact bending is defined as the difference in the thickness of the pile product before and after 1750 impacts.
  • the thickness of the pile product was measured by Compressive Elasticity Tester, manufactured by Maeda Mfg. Co., Japan, under 0.0014 p.s.i., (20 g./cm. of pressure. The results of this test are shown in Table III.
  • Example 3 A grass-like pile product of this invention was prepared in accordance with Example 1, except that polyethylene/ vinyl acetate copolymer latex was applied to the underside of a portion of the backing fabric.
  • the latex identified as Evadic, Grade EP50, was supplied by Dainippon Ink & Chemicals Inc., Japan.
  • a mechanically brothed polyvinyl chloride plastisol foam was then cast upon the back of the pile product. After being fused at 165 C. for 10 min, the closed cell polyvinyl chloride foam had a thickness of 0.23 inches and a density of 35.2 lb./ft. (0.56 g./cm.
  • the foam compound used here was prepared in accord ance with the proportions shown in Table IV and an Oakes Continuous Mixer was used to disperse gas into the polyvinyl chloride plastisol.
  • Blending-grade resin also supplied by the Japanese Geon (10., Ltd, Japan.
  • the resultant pile product possessed excellent wear properties when used as a golf surface.
  • Example 4 A grass-like product of this invention was prepared in accordance with the procedure in Example 1, using 10 ply 300 denier polyester monofilament ribbon having a cross section as shown FIG. 1.
  • the resultant pile product having a pile height of /2 inch had a stiffer hand than the product of Example 1.
  • This product made an excellent covering for floors in a golf-course club house.
  • Example 5 A grass-like product of this invention was prepared according to the procedure of [Example 1, using 15 ply of 200 denier polypropylene monofilament ribbon having a cross section as shown FIG. 1.
  • the polypropylene polymer identified as Noblen, Grade 131-1-4, was supplied by Mitui Toatu Chemicals Inc.
  • a closed-cell polyethylene foam having a thickness of inch and a density of 6 lb./ft. (0.095 g./cm. was then adhered to the resultant pile product which had a pile height of inch.
  • This pile product was used as a covering for an indoor tennis court and had a good ball-rebound property and good wear resistance.
  • Example 6 8 ply of 500 denier pigmented nylon 6 monofilarnent ribbon, having a cross section as shown FIG. 2, was woven with a polyester warp and fill backing on 21 Wilton cut pile loom to produce a grass-like pile product. Each ribbon had ten convexities along both sides of the tapered portions of the cross section.
  • the pile product had 35 oz./yd. (1200 g./m. of nylon surface pile with a pile height of /2 inch.
  • the polyester base was woven frorn 10s/6 spun polyester yarns, using 8 picks per inch, to yield a fabric of 25 oz./yd. (850 g./m. SBR latex was applied to the pile product in accordance with the procedure of Example 1.
  • the resultant product possessed the deep color and luster of natural turf and excellent wear properties, when subjected to heavy foot traffic.
  • the measurements were made using a Micro-luster Meter, manufactured by Ionan Mfg. Co., Japan. The method of this measurement was in accordance with the procedure reported in the Journal of the Textile Machinery Society of Japan, Vol. 24, pg. 756 (1971), and Dyeing Industry, Vol. 18, pg. 696 (1970).
  • Example 7 A grass-like product was produced by a flock-coating process, using 200 denier pigmented nylon 6 monofilament ribbons, each having a cross section as shown FIG. 1.
  • Nylon monofilament fiber was cut into inch long pieces. The cut fibers were then immersed in a mixture of surface active agents, as mentioned above, and excess agents were removed from the cut fiber by a centrifuge machine. Then the cut fibers were placed in a room having a relative humidity of 40%, for 24 hours. Thereafter, the resultant cut fiber exhibited an increase in moisture content from between 6% to 8%, based on the weight of fiber.
  • the cut fiber was then deposited on the backing fabric, having an adhesive layer of an acrylic compound, by conventional methods. Then, the pile product was dried at 140 C. for 15 minutes.
  • the resultant pile product had a pile density of 5.9 oz./yd. (200 g./m. and was considered satisfactory for light service applications.
  • Example 8 A grass-like product of this invention was prepared in accordance with the procedure of Example 1, except that the nylon 6 monofilament ribbon of 300 denier was heated with a hot plate to a temperature of 140 C. on its surface, before being twisted. Ten ply of this twisted nylon 6 monofilament was tufted into a backing fabric of polyester filament, similar to that used in Example 1.
  • the resultant pile product was exposed to 140 C. superheated steam for period of one minute. After this steaming process, the monofilament pile ribbon hadspiral twists and the resultant pile product possessed a softer hand than the product of Example 1 and excellent appearance.
  • a synthetic grass product consisting of a backing material to which is attached and from which extends a grass blade-like product comprising a ribbon of synthetic thermoplastic monofilament material which, in cross section, is thickest at its center and tapers off toward spaced-apart edges, said center includes a stem-like projection which extends lengthwise along the ribbon and which projects outward from both sides of the blade surface, said edges having a thickness which is substantially less than the thickness of said stem-like projection.
  • thermoplastic monofilament material is selected from the group consisting of polyamide, polyester, and polyolefin.
  • thermoplastic monofilament material is selected from the group consisting of pigmented polyamide, pigmented polyester, and pigmented polyolefin.
  • a blade of synthetic grass which comprises a rib bon of synthetic thermoplastic monofilament material which, in cross section. is thickest at its center and tapers off toward spaced-apart edges, said center including a stem-like projection which extends lengthwise along the ribbon and which projects outward from both sides of the blade surface, said edges having a thickness which is substantially less than the thickness of said stem-like projection.
  • thermoplastic material is selected from the group consisting of polyamide, polyester, and polyolefin.
  • thermoplastic selected from the group consisting of pigmented poly-amide, pigmented polyester, and pigmented polyolefin.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Carpets (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Automatic Embroidering For Embroidered Or Tufted Products (AREA)
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US36825073 1972-06-14 1973-06-08 Grass-like pile product Expired - Lifetime US3837980A (en)

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JP6932472U JPS5655266Y2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-06-14 1972-06-14

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JP (1) JPS5655266Y2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
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GB (1) GB1390338A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (39)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3989866A (en) * 1973-10-09 1976-11-02 Akzona Incorporated Antisoiling carpet having triangular polyamide pile containing polystyrene fibrils
US4061804A (en) * 1976-08-12 1977-12-06 Akzona Incorporated Non-directional rectangular filaments and products
US4171401A (en) * 1976-09-09 1979-10-16 Georges Legrix Artificial straw making stable-litters
US4230752A (en) * 1979-04-26 1980-10-28 Brunswick Corporation Cigarette burn proof artificial grass
US4287243A (en) * 1978-07-28 1981-09-01 Gottlieb Commercial Company A/S Mat for multispectral camouflage of objects and permanent constructions
US4356220A (en) * 1979-04-26 1982-10-26 Brunswick Corporation Artificial turf-like product of thermoplastic polymers
US4381805A (en) * 1981-02-09 1983-05-03 Fieldcrest Mills, Inc. Simulated grass pile fabric
US4617208A (en) * 1983-07-19 1986-10-14 Modern Fibers, Inc. Non-directional, synthetic, outdoor carpet
US4617218A (en) * 1983-07-19 1986-10-14 Modern Fibers, Inc. Tightly curled, cut pile, tufted carpet
US5462778A (en) * 1989-06-09 1995-10-31 Otsuka Kagaku Kabushiki Kaisha Artificial turf, pile yarn for artificial turf and process and spinneret for producing pile yarn
US6432505B1 (en) 1995-10-31 2002-08-13 Southwest Recreational Industries, Inc. Diamond cross section synthetic turf filament
US20040081771A1 (en) * 2001-03-16 2004-04-29 Waterford Gary Wayne Synthetic sports surface
US20040096274A1 (en) * 2001-03-21 2004-05-20 Waterford Gary Wayne Tennis surface
WO2005005730A1 (en) * 2003-07-14 2005-01-20 Mattex Leisure Industries Artificial turf filament and artificial turf system
US20050129906A1 (en) * 2003-12-12 2005-06-16 John Knox Synthetic sports turf having improved playability and wearability
US20050281963A1 (en) * 2004-06-16 2005-12-22 Charles Cook Transition synthetic sports turf
US20060003653A1 (en) * 2004-07-02 2006-01-05 Belton Industries, Inc. Synthetic fabric which mimics a dried grass fabric
WO2006085751A1 (en) * 2005-02-08 2006-08-17 Ten Cate Thiolon B.V. Artificial fibre for use in an artificial grass sport field
US20070248772A1 (en) * 2006-04-25 2007-10-25 Charles Cook Inlaying process for installing features in a synthetic sports field
US20080317978A1 (en) * 2004-06-17 2008-12-25 Gerardus Hubertus Smit Artificial Grass Turf and Infill for Sports Fields
USD591027S1 (en) * 2007-08-30 2009-04-28 Sun-Rype Products Ltd. Edible fruit product in the shape of a planet
US20090162578A1 (en) * 2005-02-28 2009-06-25 Jeroen Albert Van Balen Artificial Grass Turf System
NL1035682C2 (nl) * 2008-07-10 2010-01-12 Desseaux H Tapijtfab Kunstgrasveld.
ES2336760A1 (es) * 2009-09-03 2010-04-15 Mondo Tufting S.A. Fibra para cesped artificial.
US20100101678A1 (en) * 2006-04-10 2010-04-29 Sportexe Construction Services, Inc. Method of Producing a Woven Artificial Turf
US20100255223A1 (en) * 2007-08-27 2010-10-07 De Vries Hugo Artificial Turf and Method and Device for Forming thereof
WO2010128196A1 (en) 2009-05-06 2010-11-11 Saltex Oy Pile yarn filament for artificial turf, artificial turf, and method for making pile yarn filament
US20110045211A1 (en) * 2007-10-30 2011-02-24 Bi Zhang Artificial turf and a method of manufacturing the same
US20110308051A1 (en) * 2009-09-23 2011-12-22 Jing-Jyr Lin Method for manufacturing weaving material from nonwoven
US20120114942A1 (en) * 2010-11-09 2012-05-10 Tarkett, Inc. Fiber for synthetic grass field
US20120189785A1 (en) * 2009-07-14 2012-07-26 Green Vision Co. Ltd. Grass Yarn
US8834148B2 (en) 2009-03-12 2014-09-16 Oerlikon Textile Gmbh & Co. Kg Apparatus for the production of a turf yarn
US8986807B2 (en) 2011-04-18 2015-03-24 Tarkett Inc. Fire resistant artificial turf
US9469921B2 (en) 2009-01-14 2016-10-18 Ten Cate Thiolon B.V. Artificial grass fibre and artificial lawn comprising such a fibre
US9855682B2 (en) 2011-06-10 2018-01-02 Columbia Insurance Company Methods of recycling synthetic turf, methods of using reclaimed synthetic turf, and products comprising same
USD843262S1 (en) * 2017-05-29 2019-03-19 Ten Cate Thiolon B.V. Artificial grass blade
USD945310S1 (en) * 2019-12-20 2022-03-08 Go Green Synthetic Lawn Solutions, Llc Turf fiber
USD949512S1 (en) * 2020-12-16 2022-04-26 Central Garden & Pet Company Pellet feed for an animal
USD962817S1 (en) * 2019-12-20 2022-09-06 Go Green Synthetic Lawn Solutions, Llc Turf fiber

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS538719U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1976-07-08 1978-01-25
JPS55117986U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1979-02-14 1980-08-20
JPS6070532U (ja) * 1983-10-20 1985-05-18 大日本印刷株式会社 容器
JPS60171858U (ja) * 1984-04-24 1985-11-14 ホクト産業株式会社 房状包装体
NL8602312A (nl) * 1986-09-12 1988-04-05 Nijverdal Ten Cate Textiel Werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van een kunstgrasmat en daarmee verkregen kunstgrasmat.
JPH02177867A (ja) * 1988-12-28 1990-07-10 Nikko Seika Kk 二色以上を組み合わせたゼリー菓子とその製法
CN108824128B (zh) * 2018-06-04 2020-12-11 无锡市桑丽人造草坪地毯有限公司 一种可回收人造草坪的制备方法

Cited By (65)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3989866A (en) * 1973-10-09 1976-11-02 Akzona Incorporated Antisoiling carpet having triangular polyamide pile containing polystyrene fibrils
US4061804A (en) * 1976-08-12 1977-12-06 Akzona Incorporated Non-directional rectangular filaments and products
FR2361489A1 (fr) * 1976-08-12 1978-03-10 Akzo Nv Filaments et fils synthetiques et produits du type gazon fabrique a partir de ceux-ci
US4171401A (en) * 1976-09-09 1979-10-16 Georges Legrix Artificial straw making stable-litters
US4287243A (en) * 1978-07-28 1981-09-01 Gottlieb Commercial Company A/S Mat for multispectral camouflage of objects and permanent constructions
US4230752A (en) * 1979-04-26 1980-10-28 Brunswick Corporation Cigarette burn proof artificial grass
US4356220A (en) * 1979-04-26 1982-10-26 Brunswick Corporation Artificial turf-like product of thermoplastic polymers
US4381805A (en) * 1981-02-09 1983-05-03 Fieldcrest Mills, Inc. Simulated grass pile fabric
US4617208A (en) * 1983-07-19 1986-10-14 Modern Fibers, Inc. Non-directional, synthetic, outdoor carpet
US4617218A (en) * 1983-07-19 1986-10-14 Modern Fibers, Inc. Tightly curled, cut pile, tufted carpet
US5462778A (en) * 1989-06-09 1995-10-31 Otsuka Kagaku Kabushiki Kaisha Artificial turf, pile yarn for artificial turf and process and spinneret for producing pile yarn
US6432505B1 (en) 1995-10-31 2002-08-13 Southwest Recreational Industries, Inc. Diamond cross section synthetic turf filament
US20040081771A1 (en) * 2001-03-16 2004-04-29 Waterford Gary Wayne Synthetic sports surface
US7387823B2 (en) 2001-03-16 2008-06-17 Gary Wayne Waterford Synthetic sports surface
US20040096274A1 (en) * 2001-03-21 2004-05-20 Waterford Gary Wayne Tennis surface
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GB1390338A (en) 1975-04-09
JPS4929268U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-03-13
DE2329975B2 (de) 1975-10-09
FR2187530B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1976-06-11
DE2329975A1 (de) 1974-01-03
FR2187530A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-01-18
JPS5655266Y2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1981-12-23

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