US3837804A - Process for deacidifying a book which has a pyroxylin-containing cover - Google Patents

Process for deacidifying a book which has a pyroxylin-containing cover Download PDF

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Publication number
US3837804A
US3837804A US00388472A US38847273A US3837804A US 3837804 A US3837804 A US 3837804A US 00388472 A US00388472 A US 00388472A US 38847273 A US38847273 A US 38847273A US 3837804 A US3837804 A US 3837804A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
morpholine
chamber
book
pyroxylin
paper
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00388472A
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English (en)
Inventor
B Walker
J Kusterer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
COUNCIL ON LIBRARY RES Inc
COUNCIL ON LIBRARY RES INC US
Original Assignee
COUNCIL ON LIBRARY RES Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by COUNCIL ON LIBRARY RES Inc filed Critical COUNCIL ON LIBRARY RES Inc
Priority to US00388472A priority Critical patent/US3837804A/en
Priority to GB4518773A priority patent/GB1422384A/en
Priority to DE2350226A priority patent/DE2350226C2/de
Priority to FR7335900A priority patent/FR2240986B1/fr
Priority to JP48112893A priority patent/JPS5043209A/ja
Priority to IT70427/73A priority patent/IT999795B/it
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3837804A publication Critical patent/US3837804A/en
Priority to JP56215979A priority patent/JPS5823996A/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61LMETHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
    • A61L2/00Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
    • A61L2/16Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
    • A61L2/20Gaseous substances, e.g. vapours
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21HPULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H25/00After-treatment of paper not provided for in groups D21H17/00 - D21H23/00
    • D21H25/18After-treatment of paper not provided for in groups D21H17/00 - D21H23/00 of old paper as in books, documents, e.g. restoring

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT [22] Filed: Aug. 15, 1973 Books havlng pyroxylm-contamlng covers can be de- [21] PP 388,472 acidified by impregnation with morpholine vapors without substantially damaging the covers, if the im- [52 us. (:1 21/58, 21/7, 21/76, prognatiou is conducted for about 5 to minuteS 117/154, 252/401 with a gaseous atmosphere consisting essentially of 51 Int.
  • Pyroxylin sometimes called soluble guncotton, is a cellulose nitrate consisting chiefly of cellulose trinitrate. It is used extensively in coating cloth, such as book covers and window shades. Pyroxylin-containing book covers have been in use for several decades, usually in the preparation of relatively inexpensive books. A large percentage of these books have been printed on paper that is acidic or becomes so in time, and thus susceptible to the physical deterioration that is mentioned above. It may be desired to deacidify some of these books by the gaseous morpholine impregnation method, but the expense of encapsulating their pyroxylin-containing covers so as to protect them from damage can be prohibitive.
  • the impregnation method of the present invention can best be performed by first placing the book or books to be treated in an air-tight chamber surrounded by a constant temperature bath, evacuating the chamber, and then introducing a liquid solution of morpholine in water (containing about 30 to 55 weight percent morpholine) into the chamber.
  • the solution will vaporize immediately and the mixed morpholine and water vapors will rapidly and thoroughly impregnate the pages of the book or books.
  • the chamber can be vented to the atmosphere and then purged with air so as to sweep the unabsorbed morpholine vapors away from the books.
  • the amount of the aqueous solution of morpholine that is desirably introduced to the evacuated treatment chamber depends upon many factors: the volume of the chamber, the number of books therein to be treated, the pre-treatment pH of the pages of the books, the after-treatment pH that is sought, the concentration of the solution etc. Generally, however, the amount of solu tion introduced to the evacuated chamber will be sufficient to provide the pages of the book with a pH (measured after the book has been allowed to stand at room temperature and atmospheric pressure for 24 hours) of at least about 6.5, but most preferably at least about 7.0.
  • the pH values referred to are those of the resultant aqueous solution when one gram of one-eighth inch square pieces of the treated paper is soaked for 1 hour in 70 ml. of distilled, deionized water at room temperature.
  • the initial pH value of paper which is susceptible to the deterioration that is alleviated by the present invention is usually about 5.0 or lower, and frequently about 4.3 or lower.
  • the books be allowed to absorb no more than about 2 percent morpholine, based on the weight of the books. This can be achieved by controlling the amount of morpholinein-water solution that is introduced to the evacuated treatment chamber. It has been observed that the most morpholine that is relatively permanently, or chemically, absorbed by the books is generally about 0.5 weight percent. While the initial absorption level may reach as high as 3 percent or more if sufficient morpholine is present, that amount of morpholine above about 0.5 percent will evaporate slowly from the book in the days or weeks following treatment. If much more than 1 percent morpholine has been absorbed in the treatment chamber, e.g. about 2-3 percent, then the odor of the evaporating excess morpholine will be quite pronounced in the vicinity of the books for a few weeks.
  • chemicals which mask the odor of morpholine can be included in the aqueous morpholine treatment solution so as to protect against an odor problem after the treatment.
  • odor masking chemicals are Reodorant R-474-Ma a product of Reynaud, Ltd. of Union City, New Jersey, and Odamask 1410 B, a product of S. B. Penick & Co. of New York, New York.
  • the differential between the evacuated treatment chamber pressure and the pressure within the chamber during treatment be maintained as large as possible, while still adhering to a treatment temperature of about 90 to 115 F.
  • One manner of providing a high pressure differential is to evacuate the book-containing chamber prior to treatment to a very low pressure, e.g. about 0.7 mm. Hg or less, most preferably about 0.5, or even about 0.20,
  • the vapor pressure within the chamber during treatment may then preferably range, for example, between about 10 and about mm. Hg.
  • the cover of the book is made of a bookbinding material that is devoid of pyroxylin. Therefore, in order to simulate a book which is covered with a pyroxylincontaining material, samples of a conventional pyroxylin-containing bookbinding material were appended to each books cover. Each sample was a rectangular strip measuring about 1 inch by 6 inches of a pyroxylinimpregnated buckram: either lnterlacken Arts buckram sunbeam or Group F pyroxylin-impregnated buckram by Special Fabrics Inc., Saylesville, Rhode Island. To each book there were appended 11 such samples, in each of the following colors: orange, red, black, grey, blue, yellow, purple, brown, green, tan, and salmon.
  • the wet morpholine impregnation process of the present invention is safer for treating very old books having colored pages or covers than is impregnation with dry morpholine.
  • Some of the pigments and dyes used in colored inks of yesteryear have been found to be susceptible to color change dam age from morpholine, whereas the more modern inks and a pyroxylin-containing cover so as to render the paper pages resistant to the deterioration that is promoted by acidic conditions in paper without effecting substantial damage to the pyroxylin-containing cover, which process comprises impregnating the book for about 5 to minutes with a gaseous atmosphere consisting essentially of about 30 to 55 weight percent morpholine and a balance of water vapor at a temperature of about 90 to 115 F.
  • gaseous atmo sphere consists essentially of about 35 to 50 weight percent morpholine and a balance of water vapor.
  • gaseous atmosphere consists essentially of about 35 to 50 weight percent morpholine and a balance of water vapor.
  • a process for treating a book that has paper pages and a pyroxylin-containing cover so as to render the paper pages resistant to the deterioration that is promoted by acidic conditions in paper without effecting substantial damage to the pyroxylin-containing cover comprises placing the book in an air tight treatment chamber, evacuating the treatment chamber to a pressure of about 0.7 mm. Hg or less, introducing a sufficient amount of a solution of morpholine-in-water containing about 30 to 55 weight percent morpholine into the chamber to provide a pressure within the chamber of about 10 to 100 mm. Hg, maintaining the temperature within the chamber at about 90 to F., and purging the morpholine and water vapor atmosphere out of the chamber after about 5 to 15 minutes of residence time.

Landscapes

  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Epidemiology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
US00388472A 1973-08-15 1973-08-15 Process for deacidifying a book which has a pyroxylin-containing cover Expired - Lifetime US3837804A (en)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00388472A US3837804A (en) 1973-08-15 1973-08-15 Process for deacidifying a book which has a pyroxylin-containing cover
GB4518773A GB1422384A (en) 1973-08-15 1973-09-26 Process for treating books
DE2350226A DE2350226C2 (de) 1973-08-15 1973-10-05 Verfahren zur Behandlung von Papier insbesondere in Form eines Buches
FR7335900A FR2240986B1 (de) 1973-08-15 1973-10-08
JP48112893A JPS5043209A (de) 1973-08-15 1973-10-09
IT70427/73A IT999795B (it) 1973-08-15 1973-11-21 Procedimento per la deacidificazione di libri con rilegature contenenti pirossilina
JP56215979A JPS5823996A (ja) 1973-08-15 1981-12-29 ガス拡散による紙の脱酸処理

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00388472A US3837804A (en) 1973-08-15 1973-08-15 Process for deacidifying a book which has a pyroxylin-containing cover

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3837804A true US3837804A (en) 1974-09-24

Family

ID=23534252

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00388472A Expired - Lifetime US3837804A (en) 1973-08-15 1973-08-15 Process for deacidifying a book which has a pyroxylin-containing cover

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3837804A (de)
JP (2) JPS5043209A (de)
DE (1) DE2350226C2 (de)
FR (1) FR2240986B1 (de)
GB (1) GB1422384A (de)
IT (1) IT999795B (de)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3969549A (en) * 1974-12-24 1976-07-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Librarian Of Congress Method of deacidifying paper
US4339479A (en) * 1966-01-24 1982-07-13 Edward Robbart Treatment of cellulose
EP0386436A2 (de) * 1989-02-11 1990-09-12 BATTELLE INGENIEURTECHNIK GmbH Rationelles Verfahren zur umweltfreundlichen Massenentsäuerung von Büchern und anderen Papiererzeugnissen
US5104997A (en) * 1988-09-30 1992-04-14 Fmc Corporation Mass treatment of cellulosic materials
US5208072A (en) * 1988-09-30 1993-05-04 Fmc Corporation Mass treatment of cellulosic materials
US5264243A (en) * 1992-06-16 1993-11-23 Fmc Corporation Mass cellulose deacidification process
US5277842A (en) * 1991-02-14 1994-01-11 Battelle-Institut E.V. Solvents for agents to mass deacidify books and other paper products in an environmentally safe manner
US6214165B1 (en) 1999-07-13 2001-04-10 Joseph Zicherman Method for deacidification of papers and books by fluidizing a bed of dry alkaline particles
EP1273707A2 (de) * 2001-07-04 2003-01-08 Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche Verfahren zur Entsäuerung von Papierprodukten

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS60234278A (ja) * 1984-05-07 1985-11-20 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd デイジタルテ−プレコ−ダ

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3135627A (en) * 1961-08-08 1964-06-02 Mc Graw Edison Co Thermally stabilized cellulose materials for electrical insulation

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1129648A (en) * 1965-08-27 1968-10-09 William Herbert Langwell Prevention of deterioration of documents, books, maps and like records
US3703353A (en) * 1971-04-15 1972-11-21 Council On Library Resources I Gaseous diffusion paper deacidification

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3135627A (en) * 1961-08-08 1964-06-02 Mc Graw Edison Co Thermally stabilized cellulose materials for electrical insulation

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4339479A (en) * 1966-01-24 1982-07-13 Edward Robbart Treatment of cellulose
US3969549A (en) * 1974-12-24 1976-07-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Librarian Of Congress Method of deacidifying paper
US5104997A (en) * 1988-09-30 1992-04-14 Fmc Corporation Mass treatment of cellulosic materials
US5208072A (en) * 1988-09-30 1993-05-04 Fmc Corporation Mass treatment of cellulosic materials
EP0386436A2 (de) * 1989-02-11 1990-09-12 BATTELLE INGENIEURTECHNIK GmbH Rationelles Verfahren zur umweltfreundlichen Massenentsäuerung von Büchern und anderen Papiererzeugnissen
EP0386436A3 (de) * 1989-02-11 1991-12-11 BATTELLE INGENIEURTECHNIK GmbH Rationelles Verfahren zur umweltfreundlichen Massenentsäuerung von Büchern und anderen Papiererzeugnissen
US5277842A (en) * 1991-02-14 1994-01-11 Battelle-Institut E.V. Solvents for agents to mass deacidify books and other paper products in an environmentally safe manner
US5264243A (en) * 1992-06-16 1993-11-23 Fmc Corporation Mass cellulose deacidification process
US6214165B1 (en) 1999-07-13 2001-04-10 Joseph Zicherman Method for deacidification of papers and books by fluidizing a bed of dry alkaline particles
EP1273707A2 (de) * 2001-07-04 2003-01-08 Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche Verfahren zur Entsäuerung von Papierprodukten
US20030059337A1 (en) * 2001-07-04 2003-03-27 Antonio Zappala' Method for the preservation of paper products
EP1273707A3 (de) * 2001-07-04 2004-10-13 Consiglio Nazionale Delle Ricerche Verfahren zur Entsäuerung von Papierprodukten

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5043209A (de) 1975-04-18
GB1422384A (en) 1976-01-28
FR2240986A1 (de) 1975-03-14
DE2350226A1 (de) 1975-03-13
FR2240986B1 (de) 1977-03-11
IT999795B (it) 1976-03-10
DE2350226C2 (de) 1981-10-01
JPS5823996A (ja) 1983-02-12

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