Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
  • A61L2/16—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using chemical substances
  • A61L2/20—Gaseous substances, e.g. vapours
• • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
  • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
  • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • D21H25/00—After-treatment of paper not provided for in groups D21H17/00 - D21H23/00
  • D21H25/18—After-treatment of paper not provided for in groups D21H17/00 - D21H23/00 of old paper as in books, documents, e.g. restoring

Definitions

• ABSTRACT [22] Filed: Aug. 15, 1973 Books havlng pyroxylm-contamlng covers can be de- [21] PP 388,472 acidified by impregnation with morpholine vapors without substantially damaging the covers, if the im- [52 us. (:1 21/58, 21/7, 21/76, prognatiou is conducted for about 5 to minuteS 117/154, 252/401 with a gaseous atmosphere consisting essentially of 51 Int.
• Pyroxylin sometimes called soluble guncotton, is a cellulose nitrate consisting chiefly of cellulose trinitrate. It is used extensively in coating cloth, such as book covers and window shades. Pyroxylin-containing book covers have been in use for several decades, usually in the preparation of relatively inexpensive books. A large percentage of these books have been printed on paper that is acidic or becomes so in time, and thus susceptible to the physical deterioration that is mentioned above. It may be desired to deacidify some of these books by the gaseous morpholine impregnation method, but the expense of encapsulating their pyroxylin-containing covers so as to protect them from damage can be prohibitive.
• the impregnation method of the present invention can best be performed by first placing the book or books to be treated in an air-tight chamber surrounded by a constant temperature bath, evacuating the chamber, and then introducing a liquid solution of morpholine in water (containing about 30 to 55 weight percent morpholine) into the chamber.
• the solution will vaporize immediately and the mixed morpholine and water vapors will rapidly and thoroughly impregnate the pages of the book or books.
• the chamber can be vented to the atmosphere and then purged with air so as to sweep the unabsorbed morpholine vapors away from the books.
• the amount of the aqueous solution of morpholine that is desirably introduced to the evacuated treatment chamber depends upon many factors: the volume of the chamber, the number of books therein to be treated, the pre-treatment pH of the pages of the books, the after-treatment pH that is sought, the concentration of the solution etc. Generally, however, the amount of solu tion introduced to the evacuated chamber will be sufficient to provide the pages of the book with a pH (measured after the book has been allowed to stand at room temperature and atmospheric pressure for 24 hours) of at least about 6.5, but most preferably at least about 7.0.
• the pH values referred to are those of the resultant aqueous solution when one gram of one-eighth inch square pieces of the treated paper is soaked for 1 hour in 70 ml. of distilled, deionized water at room temperature.
• the initial pH value of paper which is susceptible to the deterioration that is alleviated by the present invention is usually about 5.0 or lower, and frequently about 4.3 or lower.
• the books be allowed to absorb no more than about 2 percent morpholine, based on the weight of the books. This can be achieved by controlling the amount of morpholinein-water solution that is introduced to the evacuated treatment chamber. It has been observed that the most morpholine that is relatively permanently, or chemically, absorbed by the books is generally about 0.5 weight percent. While the initial absorption level may reach as high as 3 percent or more if sufficient morpholine is present, that amount of morpholine above about 0.5 percent will evaporate slowly from the book in the days or weeks following treatment. If much more than 1 percent morpholine has been absorbed in the treatment chamber, e.g. about 2-3 percent, then the odor of the evaporating excess morpholine will be quite pronounced in the vicinity of the books for a few weeks.
• chemicals which mask the odor of morpholine can be included in the aqueous morpholine treatment solution so as to protect against an odor problem after the treatment.
• odor masking chemicals are Reodorant R-474-Ma a product of Reynaud, Ltd. of Union City, New Jersey, and Odamask 1410 B, a product of S. B. Penick & Co. of New York, New York.
• the differential between the evacuated treatment chamber pressure and the pressure within the chamber during treatment be maintained as large as possible, while still adhering to a treatment temperature of about 90 to 115 F.
• One manner of providing a high pressure differential is to evacuate the book-containing chamber prior to treatment to a very low pressure, e.g. about 0.7 mm. Hg or less, most preferably about 0.5, or even about 0.20,
• the vapor pressure within the chamber during treatment may then preferably range, for example, between about 10 and about mm. Hg.
• the cover of the book is made of a bookbinding material that is devoid of pyroxylin. Therefore, in order to simulate a book which is covered with a pyroxylincontaining material, samples of a conventional pyroxylin-containing bookbinding material were appended to each books cover. Each sample was a rectangular strip measuring about 1 inch by 6 inches of a pyroxylinimpregnated buckram: either lnterlacken Arts buckram sunbeam or Group F pyroxylin-impregnated buckram by Special Fabrics Inc., Saylesville, Rhode Island. To each book there were appended 11 such samples, in each of the following colors: orange, red, black, grey, blue, yellow, purple, brown, green, tan, and salmon.
• the wet morpholine impregnation process of the present invention is safer for treating very old books having colored pages or covers than is impregnation with dry morpholine.
• Some of the pigments and dyes used in colored inks of yesteryear have been found to be susceptible to color change dam age from morpholine, whereas the more modern inks and a pyroxylin-containing cover so as to render the paper pages resistant to the deterioration that is promoted by acidic conditions in paper without effecting substantial damage to the pyroxylin-containing cover, which process comprises impregnating the book for about 5 to minutes with a gaseous atmosphere consisting essentially of about 30 to 55 weight percent morpholine and a balance of water vapor at a temperature of about 90 to 115 F.
• gaseous atmo sphere consists essentially of about 35 to 50 weight percent morpholine and a balance of water vapor.
• gaseous atmosphere consists essentially of about 35 to 50 weight percent morpholine and a balance of water vapor.
• a process for treating a book that has paper pages and a pyroxylin-containing cover so as to render the paper pages resistant to the deterioration that is promoted by acidic conditions in paper without effecting substantial damage to the pyroxylin-containing cover comprises placing the book in an air tight treatment chamber, evacuating the treatment chamber to a pressure of about 0.7 mm. Hg or less, introducing a sufficient amount of a solution of morpholine-in-water containing about 30 to 55 weight percent morpholine into the chamber to provide a pressure within the chamber of about 10 to 100 mm. Hg, maintaining the temperature within the chamber at about 90 to F., and purging the morpholine and water vapor atmosphere out of the chamber after about 5 to 15 minutes of residence time.

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• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Epidemiology (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
• General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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• Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
• Paper (AREA)

Priority Applications (7)

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Publications (1)

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Cited By (9)

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Citations (1)

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• 1973
  • 1973-08-15 US US00388472A patent/US3837804A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1973-09-26 GB GB4518773A patent/GB1422384A/en not_active Expired
  • 1973-10-05 DE DE2350226A patent/DE2350226C2/de not_active Expired
  • 1973-10-08 FR FR7335900A patent/FR2240986B1/fr not_active Expired
  • 1973-10-09 JP JP48112893A patent/JPS5043209A/ja active Pending
  • 1973-11-21 IT IT70427/73A patent/IT999795B/it active
• 1981
  • 1981-12-29 JP JP56215979A patent/JPS5823996A/ja active Pending

Patent Citations (1)

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