US3836807A - Rotary anode for x-ray tubes - Google Patents

Rotary anode for x-ray tubes Download PDF

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Publication number
US3836807A
US3836807A US00336963A US33696373A US3836807A US 3836807 A US3836807 A US 3836807A US 00336963 A US00336963 A US 00336963A US 33696373 A US33696373 A US 33696373A US 3836807 A US3836807 A US 3836807A
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Prior art keywords
anode
tungsten
lamination
percent
weight
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00336963A
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English (en)
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H Schreiner
E Geldner
H Dietz
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Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
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Siemens Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/02—Details
    • H01J35/04—Electrodes ; Mutual position thereof; Constructional adaptations therefor
    • H01J35/08—Anodes; Anti cathodes
    • H01J35/10—Rotary anodes; Arrangements for rotating anodes; Cooling rotary anodes
    • H01J35/108—Substrates for and bonding of emissive target, e.g. composite structures

Definitions

  • rotary anodes are used having a disk-like central portion and a beveled peripheral target surface area which constantly presents a new target surface area as the anode rotates.
  • the working surface area of a rotary anode may be said to resemble in reverse the inside contour of a dished saucer.
  • a rotary anode has been made in the form of a laminate having two laminations, the front lamination forming the target surface being a tungsten/rhenium alloy and being of substantial thickness, and the other lamination, or supporting or back-up layer, being a molybdenum alloy.
  • the rhenium component retards target surface roughening, and like other elements which might be used instead, is expensive.
  • Such a prior art rotary anode also is subject to cracking when subjected to the high thermal stressing resulting from operation of the x-ray tube at high power, as exemplified by a power in the area of I kw.
  • the front lamination is relatively thick, so the tungsten alloying component comprises an undesirably large portion of the anode.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a rotary x-ray anode that is an improvement on such prior art rotary anodes, particularly when operated under heavy loading.
  • this object is attained by making the target surface layer thinner and using behind it two additional layers, the first of which is composed of either pure tungsten or a high tungsten alloy containing at least 70 percent by weight, the other or back or third layer comprising a molybdenum alloy.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross section through a first form
  • FIG. 2 in a corresponding manner illustrates a second form
  • FIG. 3 again in cross section, illustrates a third form.
  • the anodes are designated 11. They are all of circular configuration and each has a central mounting hole which is unnumbered because it is the usual rotary anode mounting arrangement.
  • the target surface layer is 12
  • the second or intermediate anode layer is 13
  • the final or back layer of lamination is 14, the same numerals being used in FIGS. 2 and 3 because the only difference is in the anode cross-sectional shape.
  • the first or target surface layer 12 comprises a tungsten alloy consisting of from 30 to 20 percent by weight of at least one, or one or more, of a metal selected from the class consisting of zirconium, hafnium, niobium, tantalum, rhenium, .osmium, or iridium, in addition to the tungsten.
  • a metal selected from the class consisting of zirconium, hafnium, niobium, tantalum, rhenium, .osmium, or iridium, in addition to the tungsten.
  • These alloying elements, of the tungsten alloy causes the target surface of the layer 12, or x-ray producing layer, to resist roughening and the development of micro-cracks in the path of the high energy electron beam focal spot which, as can be seen from the drawings, is located in the area marked 15.
  • the tungsten alloy has the described alloying elements limited to a range of from 5 to 15 percent by weight, with the balance being tungsten.
  • rhenium is the one usually used.
  • the second layer 13, or intermediate lamination is either substantially pure tungsten or a tungsten alloy containing at least percent tungsten by weight.
  • alloys maybe included, alloying elements such as niobium, tantalum and/or zirconium being useful for this purpose providing they are not used in excess of 30 percent by weight of the alloy.
  • the third or back layer 14 of the new anode consists of a molybdenum alloy with the alloying component being at least one, or one or more, metals selected from the class consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, niobium, tantalum, tungsten and rhenium. These alloying elements are used in amounts of from 0.05 to 20 percent by weight, preferably 2 to 10 percent by weight, the balance being the molybdenum.
  • the thickness of the x-ray producing or target surface layer 12 may range from 0.05 to 1 mm., preferably from 0.1 to 0.7 mm.; the thickness of the intermediate layer lamination 13 may range from I to 5 mm., preferably from 1.5 to 4 mm.; and finally, the thickness of the back or third layer 14 may range from 2 to 6 mm., preferably from 2.5 to 4 mm.
  • the total anode thickness at its peripheral portion which travels through the electron beam focal spot 15 may range from 5 to 12mm., preferably 6 to 8 mm., and from this it can be seen that the foregoing dimensional values have reference to this portion of the rotary anode, the central portion being substantially thicker as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, or the anode thickness may be the same radially throughout its extent as indicated'by FIG. 2.
  • the rotary anode of this invention may be made by well-known powdered metallurgy techniques.
  • the powdered metals are molded in a die by compressing three layers of the respective powdered metal components, one on top of the other, into a solid body or compact with a well defined beveled peripheral portion.
  • the compacting pressures may range from 1,000 to 8,000 kg/cm Consolidation may be effected by prior art sintering.
  • the consolidated sintered shape is heated to temperatures between l,400 and 1,800C.
  • the heated shape is then compressed, such as by hot hammer forging, to give the anode blank a high final density, or in other words, to free the shape from pores as much as possible.
  • the ultimately compacted or forged anode has its target surface area, which is the area defined by rotation of the anode through the area 15, surface ground to within the narrow tolerances required by x-ray tube anode target surfaces in general.
  • the heated sintered shape may be removed from its protective environment for the short time required for the hammer forging.
  • FIGS. 1 through 3 Specific examples of the present invention are providedby the following, it being understood that the cross-sectional shapes may be as exemplified by FIGS. 1 through 3.
  • Example 1 A layer of powder consisting of a mixture of molybdenum powder and another metallic powder, such as tungsten, is first poured into a steel mold to a height of 6 mm., for the formation of the back layer 14. On top of this is poured a layer of pure tungsten 6 mm. high to form thesecond or middle layer 13. Above this a layer of a powder mixture of WRelO is poured to a thickness of 1.5 mm. for the formation of the x-ray producing layer or target surface 12. The three layers of powder are subjected to a pressure of 4,000 kg/cm to form a solid compact with well-defined edge or peripherally beveled portions. Next, sintering takes place in an atmosphere of hydrogen at a temperature of between 2,000 and 2,400C.
  • the highest possible density is obtained by one or more compression operations, such as hammer forging, at temperatures of between l,500 and l,700C.
  • the sintered part may be electrically inductively heated in a protective gas and then exposed to air for a short period during this compacting or forging.
  • the final porosity of the anode is less than 0.3 percent.
  • Example 2 A WRelO powder alloy is first poured into a steel mold to a height of 1.5 mm. for the formation of the upper or target layer 12. On top of this layer of WNb3 powder is poured to a height of5 mm. for the formation of the second or middle layer 13. On top of this is poured a powder mixture of Mo and an additional metallic powder. e.g., hafnium, to a height of 6 mm., to form the back layer 14. The three layers of powder are subjected to a pressure of 3,000 kg/cm to form a compressed solid compact with well-defined edges or beveled portion. The sintering is carried out in two steps, a preliminary sintering in hydrogen at l,000C.
  • the highest possible density is obtained by one or more compression operations at a temperature between l,400 and 1,700C., in a protective gas if possible.
  • the final porosity of the rotary anode, possibly densified by hot hammering, is less than 0.3 percent.
  • Example 3 The procedure is as in example 2, except for the composition of the three layers, e.g., the x-ray-producing layer 12 consists of a 0.2 mm. thickness of a WRelS alloy powder, the middle layer 13 of L5 mm. of a WRe3 alloy powder, and the back layer 14 of 4 mm. of a MoTa5 alloy powder mixture.
  • the composition of the three layers e.g., the x-ray-producing layer 12 consists of a 0.2 mm. thickness of a WRelS alloy powder, the middle layer 13 of L5 mm. of a WRe3 alloy powder, and the back layer 14 of 4 mm. of a MoTa5 alloy powder mixture.
  • Example 4 Procedure is as in example 1, but the molybdenum layer is poured only 4 mm. high and consists of a MoZr5 powder mixture.
  • the second layer of pure tungsten powder is filled to a height of 8 mm.
  • the third layer of powder consists of Wlr 0.5, the pouring height being 1 mm.
  • the rotary x-ray anode of this invention because of the permissible thinness of the target layer 12, permits considerable saving of rhenium content of the overall anode structure 1, as compared to previously known composition anodes using a thicker WRe alloy as the x-ray-producing or target layer.
  • the rhenium content of the x-rayproducing layer is limited to between 3 and 10 percent by weight, to save on cost. It is well known that a higher rhenium content, e.g., between 10 and 20 percent, leads to a less severe roughening of the x-ray-producing surface layer than rhenium contents below 10 percent of rhenium by weight.
  • rhenium contents of, for instance, 15 percent by weight are possible, while keeping the total rhenium content of the entire rotary anode smaller than does the prior art.
  • the other elements which may be used instead of rhenium are also expensive.
  • An x-ray tube rotary anode comprising a plurality of integrated laminations of sintered powdered metal of which the front or first lamination is a tungsten alloy; wherein the improvement comprises said anode having a second lamination of tungsten or high-tungsten alloy having a thickness from about 1 to about 5mm. behind said first lamination, and a third lamination of a molybdenum alloy behind said second lamination.
  • said first lamination is an alloy consisting of tungsten and from about 3 to about 20 percent by weight of one or more alloying metals selected from the class consisting of zirconium, hafnium, niobium, tantalum, rhenium, osmium, or iridrum.
  • said third lamination is a molybdenum alloy consisting of molybdenum and from about 0.05 to about 20 percent by weight of one or more alloying metals selected from the class consisting of titanium, zirconium, hafnium, niobium, tantalum, tungsten, and rhenium.
  • said first lamination is an alloy consisting of tungsten and from about 3 to about 20 percent by weight of one or more alloying metals selected from the class consisting of zirconium, hafnium, niobium, tantalum, rhenium, osmium, or iridium
  • said second lamination is a tungsten alloy consist-

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  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • X-Ray Techniques (AREA)
US00336963A 1972-03-13 1973-03-01 Rotary anode for x-ray tubes Expired - Lifetime US3836807A (en)

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DE2212058A DE2212058A1 (de) 1972-03-13 1972-03-13 Drehanode fuer roentgenroehren

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US (1) US3836807A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS493590A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) AT332493B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH545538A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2212058A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2175785A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1422461A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT982501B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL7301159A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4000434A (en) * 1974-06-24 1976-12-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Rotary anode for an X-ray tube
US4052640A (en) * 1976-06-21 1977-10-04 General Electric Company Anodes for rotary anode x-ray tubes
US4090103A (en) * 1975-03-19 1978-05-16 Schwarzkopf Development Corporation X-ray target
US4224273A (en) * 1972-12-07 1980-09-23 U.S. Philips Corporation Method of manufacturing a laminated rotary anode for use in an x-ray tube
US4298816A (en) * 1980-01-02 1981-11-03 General Electric Company Molybdenum substrate for high power density tungsten focal track X-ray targets
FR2521776A1 (fr) * 1982-02-18 1983-08-19 Plansee Metallwerk Anode tournante pour tube a rayon x
US4461020A (en) * 1981-04-07 1984-07-17 U.S. Philips Corporation Method of producing an anode and anode thus obtained
US4780902A (en) * 1985-07-11 1988-10-25 Schwarzkopf Development Corporation Rotary anode for X-ray tubes
EP0997925A1 (en) * 1998-10-26 2000-05-03 Picker International, Inc. Manufacture of X-ray tube targets
DE19919990A1 (de) * 1999-04-30 2000-11-16 Rayonic Sensor Systems Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Messung der Dicke einer Metallschicht
RU2170472C1 (ru) * 2000-02-02 2001-07-10 Государственный научно-исследовательский институт Научно-производственного объединения "Луч" Анод рентгеновской трубки
US20050185761A1 (en) * 2004-01-22 2005-08-25 Jorg Freudenberger High-performance anode plate for a directly cooled rotary piston x-ray tube
AT501382A3 (de) * 2003-05-02 2006-12-15 Ge Med Sys Global Tech Co Llc Röntgenröhrentargetanordnung
CN108276638A (zh) * 2017-12-29 2018-07-13 深圳职业技术学院 一种具有x射线显影功能的管材及其制备方法

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3855492A (en) * 1973-11-19 1974-12-17 Machlett Lab Inc Vibration reduced x-ray anode
US4005322A (en) * 1976-03-08 1977-01-25 The Machlett Laboratories, Incorporated Rotating anode target structure
US4195247A (en) * 1978-07-24 1980-03-25 General Electric Company X-ray target with substrate of molybdenum alloy
US4777643A (en) * 1985-02-15 1988-10-11 General Electric Company Composite rotary anode for x-ray tube and process for preparing the composite
JPH01268806A (ja) * 1988-04-20 1989-10-26 Tokyo Tungsten Co Ltd 高融点異種金属複合体及びその製造方法
US7522707B2 (en) * 2006-11-02 2009-04-21 General Electric Company X-ray system, X-ray apparatus, X-ray target, and methods for manufacturing same

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2863083A (en) * 1956-03-30 1958-12-02 Radiologie Cie Gle X-ray genenrator tubes
US3710120A (en) * 1970-10-28 1973-01-09 Beckman Instruments Inc Manually operated sample changing elevator and light sealing mechanism for scintillation counters and the like
US3731128A (en) * 1972-03-08 1973-05-01 Siemens Ag X-ray tube with rotary anodes

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2863083A (en) * 1956-03-30 1958-12-02 Radiologie Cie Gle X-ray genenrator tubes
US3710120A (en) * 1970-10-28 1973-01-09 Beckman Instruments Inc Manually operated sample changing elevator and light sealing mechanism for scintillation counters and the like
US3731128A (en) * 1972-03-08 1973-05-01 Siemens Ag X-ray tube with rotary anodes

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4224273A (en) * 1972-12-07 1980-09-23 U.S. Philips Corporation Method of manufacturing a laminated rotary anode for use in an x-ray tube
US4331902A (en) * 1972-12-07 1982-05-25 U.S. Philips Corporation Laminated rotary anode for X-ray tube
US4000434A (en) * 1974-06-24 1976-12-28 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Rotary anode for an X-ray tube
US4090103A (en) * 1975-03-19 1978-05-16 Schwarzkopf Development Corporation X-ray target
US4052640A (en) * 1976-06-21 1977-10-04 General Electric Company Anodes for rotary anode x-ray tubes
DE2727404A1 (de) * 1976-06-21 1977-12-29 Gen Electric Anoden fuer drehanoden-roentgenroehren
US4298816A (en) * 1980-01-02 1981-11-03 General Electric Company Molybdenum substrate for high power density tungsten focal track X-ray targets
EP0031940A3 (en) * 1980-01-02 1983-06-22 General Electric Company Molybdenum substrate for high power density tungsten focal track x-ray targets
US4461020A (en) * 1981-04-07 1984-07-17 U.S. Philips Corporation Method of producing an anode and anode thus obtained
US4516255A (en) * 1982-02-18 1985-05-07 Schwarzkopf Development Corporation Rotating anode for X-ray tubes
FR2521776A1 (fr) * 1982-02-18 1983-08-19 Plansee Metallwerk Anode tournante pour tube a rayon x
US4780902A (en) * 1985-07-11 1988-10-25 Schwarzkopf Development Corporation Rotary anode for X-ray tubes
EP0997925A1 (en) * 1998-10-26 2000-05-03 Picker International, Inc. Manufacture of X-ray tube targets
DE19919990A1 (de) * 1999-04-30 2000-11-16 Rayonic Sensor Systems Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Messung der Dicke einer Metallschicht
DE19919990B4 (de) * 1999-04-30 2004-07-01 Rayonic Sensor Systems Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Messung der Dicke einer Metallschicht
RU2170472C1 (ru) * 2000-02-02 2001-07-10 Государственный научно-исследовательский институт Научно-производственного объединения "Луч" Анод рентгеновской трубки
AT501382A3 (de) * 2003-05-02 2006-12-15 Ge Med Sys Global Tech Co Llc Röntgenröhrentargetanordnung
AT501382B1 (de) * 2003-05-02 2008-06-15 Ge Med Sys Global Tech Co Llc Röntgenröhrentargetanordnung und verfahren zur erhöhung der festigkeit derselben
US20050185761A1 (en) * 2004-01-22 2005-08-25 Jorg Freudenberger High-performance anode plate for a directly cooled rotary piston x-ray tube
US7197119B2 (en) 2004-01-22 2007-03-27 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft High-performance anode plate for a directly cooled rotary piston x-ray tube
CN108276638A (zh) * 2017-12-29 2018-07-13 深圳职业技术学院 一种具有x射线显影功能的管材及其制备方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL7301159A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-09-17
ATA1114372A (de) 1976-01-15
CH545538A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-01-31
GB1422461A (en) 1976-01-28
AT332493B (de) 1976-09-27
JPS493590A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-01-12
IT982501B (it) 1974-10-21
DE2212058A1 (de) 1973-09-20
FR2175785A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-10-26

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