US3835833A - Method for obtaining neurophysiological effects - Google Patents
Method for obtaining neurophysiological effects Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3835833A US3835833A US00290804A US29080472A US3835833A US 3835833 A US3835833 A US 3835833A US 00290804 A US00290804 A US 00290804A US 29080472 A US29080472 A US 29080472A US 3835833 A US3835833 A US 3835833A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- signal
- frequency
- electric signal
- signals
- amplitude
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- Expired - Lifetime
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
- A61N1/36—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents for stimulation
- A61N1/36014—External stimulators, e.g. with patch electrodes
- A61N1/36021—External stimulators, e.g. with patch electrodes for treatment of pain
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
- A61N1/32—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes alternating or intermittent currents
Definitions
- the composite 123/1 C nal is formed by the superpositioning of two signals: a first signal which is a rectified high-frequency carrier 5 References Cited modulated in amplitude to about 100 percent by sub- UNTED STATES PATENTS stantially square-shaped pulses whose duration, ampli- 3 648 08 3/1 72 Ham 128 C tude ⁇ :I ancll freqtienfty are chosen according to tge neui rop ysio ogica e ects desidered, and a secon signa 3222 et al i which has a relatively white noise spectrum.
- the present invention concerns a method and apparatus for obtaining neurophysiological effects by the application of electric currents to the central and/or peripheral nervous systems of the human body.
- Such signals may, however, cause bothersome secondary phenomena such as contractures, polarization or electrolysis effects which could be redhibitory in numerous cases.
- the rectified high-frequency signals modulated by low-frequency square-shaped pulses is not entirely satisfactory in all applications, because they do not enable the complete elimination of undesirable phenomena such as local electrolysis, disagreeable tingling or other unacceptable reactions necessitating the reduction of the current of the applied signals or the shortening of the length of application thereof.
- the present invention enables the reduction or even the complete elimination of undesirable secondary effects by reducing the mean value of the currents applied on which the said secondary effects directly depend, without substantially reducing the desired principal neurophysiological effects.
- the present invention provides a method for obtaining neurophysiological effects on the central and/or peripheral nervous systems of a patient, comprising positioning electrodes on the body of the patient, applying a composite electric signal at the electrodes formed by the superpositioning of a first and second electric signal, said first electric signal being a rectified high-frequency carrier modulated in amplitude to about 100 percent by substantially square-shaped pulses whose duration, amplitude and frequency are chosen according to the desired neurophysiological effects, the mean value of said first electric signal being of a predetermined signal said second signal having a relatively white noise spectrum, the sign of the mean value of said second electric signal being opposite that of the mean value of said first electric signal.
- the white noise constituting the said second signal may have a substantially continuous spectrum ranging from 1 KHz to KHz and preferably between 20 and 60 KHz. Such a noise signal could be easily obtained by means of a gas discharge tube, a semi-conductor or other appropriate means.
- this average current intensity whose value is the algebraic sum of the respective mean values of said first and second signals, is the difference between these mean values.
- the relative proportion of the noise component and the modulated high-frequency component may be advantageous between one-fourth and one-half in the majority of cases, this proportion designating the ratio of the mean current strength of these components.
- the method according to the invention is particularly applicable to obtaining neurophysiological effects such as relaxation, sleep, general analgesia, local-regional anaesthesia, and general anaesthesia.
- a device for carrying out the method described above comprising a high-frequency signal generator, a low-frequency pulse generator, means for modulating the amplitude of the said high-frequency signals by the low-frequency pulses, a noise generator adapted to generate electric signals having a relatively continuous frequency spectrum and mixing means adapted to superimpose the modulated high-frequency signal generated by said modulation means and the signals from the noise generator for providing a composite signal with a mean amplitude proportional to the difference between the respective mean amplitudes of the modulated high-frequency signal and said noise signal.
- the apparatus comprises control means selectively adjusting certain or all parameters defining the composite output signal, i.e., the peak amplitude of the modulated high-frequency signal, the amplitude of the noise signal, the frequency of the high-frequency signal, the length and the spacing of the low frequency modulation pukes, as well as the spectrum of thesignal delivered by the noise generator.
- control means selectively adjusting certain or all parameters defining the composite output signal, i.e., the peak amplitude of the modulated high-frequency signal, the amplitude of the noise signal, the frequency of the high-frequency signal, the length and the spacing of the low frequency modulation pukes, as well as the spectrum of thesignal delivered by the noise generator.
- Suitable switching means may beadvantageously provided to make available one or more elementary signals utilised to generate the above-defined composite signal at one of the outputs of the device. Indeed, it could be advantageous in certain electro-neurophysiological treatments to combine the application of composite signals according to the invention with signals of different characteristics simultaneously or sequentially with the composite signals, and it is therefore advantageous to provide a single device to generate these different signals.
- the device illustrated in the drawing comprises a low-frequency square pulse generator channel driven by an oscillator having 1 KHz frequency whose output signal after shaping by peak clipper 11 or other circuit adapted to generate straight-sided signals is applied to a selection unit 20 enabling the formation of low-frequency pulses whose length and frequency may be displayed by manual selectors 12 and 14 with three digits corresponding to units, tens and hundreds of the quantity displayed. These selectors are associated with the corresponding decimal stages of a digital counter 15 fed by the pulses issued from the peak clipper 11.
- the width of the pulses available at the output 18 of the unit 20 is determined by the length of the conducting of an AND gate 16 controled by the selector 12, whereas the time interval between successive resettings of the counter 15 is determined by the selector 14 which acts to this end on the resetting circuit 17. On each resetting the resetting circuit causes the AND gate 16 to open.
- the width and period of which may vary by steps of 0.5 and 1 millisecond as a function of the adjustment of the selectors 12 and 14.
- the pulses thus obtained amplitude modulate a highfrequency signal generated by an oscillator 21 whose frequency is adjustable, for example, between 100 KHz and 1 MHz.
- This signal passes through a rectifier peaklimiter 23 adapted to rectify one or both of the highfrequency half-cycles then is applied to an amplitude modulator 25 at the output 26 of which are available high-frequency signals whose envelope comprises the low-frequency pulses and whose polarity is constant owing to the prior rectification of the high-frequency carrier.
- the degree of modulation is 100 percent; to this end the modulator could comprise an AND gate having inputs connected, as shown in the drawing, to the output 18 of the unit 20 and the output of the rectifier peak-limiter 23.
- the device according to the invention comprises a noise generator 30 whose output signal after rectification is intended to be one of the two components of the output signal of the device.
- the generator 30 may be, for example, a suitable gas filled tube (not shown) or other means adapted to generate random signals in a relatively continuous spectrum.
- these signals have a spectrum between 1 KHz and 60 KHz and a relatively uniform spectral distribution, such a distribution defining the signals which have been hereinabove referred to as relatively white noise signals.
- This spectrum may, for example, be defined by means of a suitable band-pass filter (not shown) which may be adjustable.
- the signal generated by the noise generator 30 is rectified by a rectifier 31 over one or two half-cycles, and are then subtractively mixed with the modulated highfrequency signal available at the output of the modulator 25 by an amplifier-mixer 32 so as to obtain a composite signal having a mean current strength proportional to the difference of the mean current strength of its components.
- the amplifier 32 may comprise an input stage (not shown) constituted by a differential amplifier having direct and reversed inputs 32a and 32b respectively connected to the output 26 of the modulator 25 and the output of the rectifier 31 through the intermediary of level adjusting means adapted to enable the adjustment of the relative proportion of the modulated high-frequency signal and the noise signal constituting the two components of the signal available at the output 33 of the amplifier-mixer 32 which comprises a final stage (not shown) adapted to provide the desired power of the composite signal obtained.
- an input stage (not shown) constituted by a differential amplifier having direct and reversed inputs 32a and 32b respectively connected to the output 26 of the modulator 25 and the output of the rectifier 31 through the intermediary of level adjusting means adapted to enable the adjustment of the relative proportion of the modulated high-frequency signal and the noise signal constituting the two components of the signal available at the output 33 of the amplifier-mixer 32 which comprises a final stage (not shown) adapted to provide the desired power of the composite signal obtained.
- the electrodes for applying the composite signal to the patient are connected to two outputs terminals of the device, the electrode 35 of which is connected to the case of the apparatus whereas the other electrode 36 is connected to the output 33 through the intermediary of a constant current amplifier 37 associated with current adjusting means schematically respresented by a potentiometer 38.
- the constant current amplifier 37 may comprise a circuit having an output impedance sufficiently large so as to provide an output current which only slightly varies with respect to changes in the load resistance formed by the portion of the body of the patient situated between the points of application of the electrodes.
- auxiliary outputs may be provided for making available if necessary pure low-frequency pulses, non-modulated high-frequency signals, noise signals or even a DC. component.
- a method for obtaining neurophysiological effects on the central and/or peripheral nervous systems of a patient comprising generating a high-frequency carrier, rectifying the high-frequency carrier, generating substantially square-shaped pulses whose duration, amplitude and frequency are chosen according to the desired neurophysiological effect, amplitude modulating to about percent the rectified high-frequency carrier with said pulses thereby producing a first electric signal, generating a relatively white noise spectrum signal, rectifying the relatively white noise spectrum signal thereby producing a second electric signal, the sign of the mean value of the second electric signal being opposite that of the mean value of said first electric signal, superposing said first and second electric signals to produce a composite electric signal having an average amplitude which is the difference between the average amplitude of said first and second electric signals, positioning electrodes on the body of the patient, and applying said composite electric signal at the electrodes.
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- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
- Radiology & Medical Imaging (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Pain & Pain Management (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
- Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR7134365A FR2153190B1 (fr) | 1971-09-24 | 1971-09-24 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3835833A true US3835833A (en) | 1974-09-17 |
Family
ID=9083412
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US00290804A Expired - Lifetime US3835833A (en) | 1971-09-24 | 1972-09-21 | Method for obtaining neurophysiological effects |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US3835833A (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2153190B1 (fr) |
Cited By (31)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4018218A (en) * | 1975-03-12 | 1977-04-19 | Carlson James E | Method and apparatus for sleep induction |
US4071033A (en) * | 1976-12-20 | 1978-01-31 | Nawracaj Edward P | Electrotherapeutic device with modulated dual signals |
US4102347A (en) * | 1976-12-03 | 1978-07-25 | Yukl Tex N | Electronic pain control system |
US4121594A (en) * | 1977-09-26 | 1978-10-24 | Med General, Inc. | Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator |
US4185640A (en) * | 1977-07-29 | 1980-01-29 | Moskovsky Oblastnoi Nauchno-Isslevovatelsky Institut Akusherstva I. Ginekologii | Device for pulse current action on central nervous system |
US4226246A (en) * | 1977-05-27 | 1980-10-07 | Carba Societe Anonyme | Apparatus for maintaining the negative potential of human, animal, and plant cells |
US4249537A (en) * | 1979-05-18 | 1981-02-10 | Chaconas Charles G | Current controlled muscle stimulator |
US4305402A (en) * | 1979-06-29 | 1981-12-15 | Katims Jefferson J | Method for transcutaneous electrical stimulation |
FR2493074A1 (fr) * | 1980-10-23 | 1982-04-30 | Gorenje Tovarna Gospodinjske | Circuit de commande d'un stimulateur therapeutique pour le traitement de l'incontinence urinaire |
US4388929A (en) * | 1980-12-11 | 1983-06-21 | Vitafin N.V. | Programmable pacer and method of external programming |
EP0111229A2 (fr) * | 1982-12-08 | 1984-06-20 | Neurotronic (1981) Ltee. | Dispositif pour la stimulation électrique des nerfs |
US4503863A (en) * | 1979-06-29 | 1985-03-12 | Katims Jefferson J | Method and apparatus for transcutaneous electrical stimulation |
US4573449A (en) * | 1983-03-08 | 1986-03-04 | Warnke Egon F | Method for stimulating the falling asleep and/or relaxing behavior of a person and an arrangement therefor |
EP0592851A2 (fr) * | 1992-09-25 | 1994-04-20 | Symtonic S.A. | Système et méthode d'application d'une émission thérapeutique de faible énergie |
US5387231A (en) * | 1992-07-21 | 1995-02-07 | Sporer; Patsy | Electrotherapy method |
US5577990A (en) * | 1993-12-28 | 1996-11-26 | Nusa Widjaja | Trophotropic response method |
US5643173A (en) * | 1995-09-01 | 1997-07-01 | Welles; William F. | Method and apparatus for stress relief |
US6505079B1 (en) | 2000-09-13 | 2003-01-07 | Foster Bio Technology Corp. | Electrical stimulation of tissue for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes |
US6567702B1 (en) | 1999-10-15 | 2003-05-20 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Eliciting analgesia by transcranial electrical stimulation |
US20030158589A1 (en) * | 2002-02-15 | 2003-08-21 | Katsnelson Yakov S. | Transcranial electrostimulation apparatus and method |
WO2004011080A1 (fr) * | 2002-07-30 | 2004-02-05 | Second Sight, Llc | Focalisation de champ et mise en correspondance dans un groupe d'electrodes |
US7079659B1 (en) * | 1996-03-26 | 2006-07-18 | Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International | Sound generating apparatus and method, sound generating space and sound, each provided for significantly increasing cerebral blood flows of persons |
US20070293909A1 (en) * | 2006-06-20 | 2007-12-20 | Ebr Systems, Inc. | Systems and methods for implantable leadless spine stimulation |
US20100160998A1 (en) * | 2004-10-23 | 2010-06-24 | Bell John O | Passive monitoring of bioelectical signals and active electrical anesthesia stimulation |
US7894907B2 (en) | 2006-06-20 | 2011-02-22 | Ebr Systems, Inc. | Systems and methods for implantable leadless nerve stimulation |
US20110093033A1 (en) * | 2009-10-16 | 2011-04-21 | Stanford University | Eliciting analgesia by transcranial electrical stimulation |
US8428735B2 (en) | 2004-05-24 | 2013-04-23 | Bioinduction Limited | Electrotherapy apparatus |
US9186505B2 (en) | 2014-02-21 | 2015-11-17 | Novo HB, LLC | Transcranial electrostimulation device and method |
US9452286B2 (en) | 2006-06-20 | 2016-09-27 | Ebr Systems, Inc. | Systems and methods for implantable leadless tissue stimulation |
US10792495B2 (en) | 2016-12-01 | 2020-10-06 | Thimble Bioelectronics, Inc. | Neuromodulation device and method for use |
US20230029600A1 (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2023-02-02 | Nalu Medical, Inc. | Apparatus for peripheral or spinal stimulation |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS52141093A (en) * | 1976-05-19 | 1977-11-25 | Nippon Koinko Kk | Low frequency curing device |
US4243043A (en) * | 1979-07-11 | 1981-01-06 | Sevastianov Viktor V | Apparatus for electrical stimulation of mammae |
FR2500309A3 (fr) * | 1981-02-25 | 1982-08-27 | Faiveley Sa | Generateur electrologique a effet antalgique et procede de generation d'impulsions s'y rapportant |
FR2612712B1 (fr) * | 1987-03-17 | 1992-11-27 | Sfilio Sebastien | Generateur modulateur en amplitude de signaux utilise dans le domaine medical, paramedical, veterinaire et esthetique |
Citations (6)
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---|---|---|---|---|
GB1088607A (en) * | 1964-08-20 | 1967-10-25 | List Hans | Electronic soporificator and anesthetizer |
FR1554569A (fr) * | 1966-01-19 | 1969-01-24 | ||
GB1165541A (en) * | 1965-06-11 | 1969-10-01 | Warren S Lockwood Ltd | Sleep Inducing Device. |
US3648708A (en) * | 1969-06-23 | 1972-03-14 | Mehdi Haeri | Electrical therapeutic device |
US3712292A (en) * | 1971-07-20 | 1973-01-23 | Karen Lafley V | Method and apparatus for producing swept frequency-modulated audio signal patterns for inducing sleep |
US3727616A (en) * | 1971-06-15 | 1973-04-17 | Gen Dynamics Corp | Electronic system for the stimulation of biological systems |
-
1971
- 1971-09-24 FR FR7134365A patent/FR2153190B1/fr not_active Expired
-
1972
- 1972-09-21 US US00290804A patent/US3835833A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1088607A (en) * | 1964-08-20 | 1967-10-25 | List Hans | Electronic soporificator and anesthetizer |
GB1165541A (en) * | 1965-06-11 | 1969-10-01 | Warren S Lockwood Ltd | Sleep Inducing Device. |
FR1554569A (fr) * | 1966-01-19 | 1969-01-24 | ||
US3648708A (en) * | 1969-06-23 | 1972-03-14 | Mehdi Haeri | Electrical therapeutic device |
US3727616A (en) * | 1971-06-15 | 1973-04-17 | Gen Dynamics Corp | Electronic system for the stimulation of biological systems |
US3712292A (en) * | 1971-07-20 | 1973-01-23 | Karen Lafley V | Method and apparatus for producing swept frequency-modulated audio signal patterns for inducing sleep |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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Buchsbaum, Electronics World, Sept. 1963, pp. 27 29. * |
Cited By (44)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4018218A (en) * | 1975-03-12 | 1977-04-19 | Carlson James E | Method and apparatus for sleep induction |
US4102347A (en) * | 1976-12-03 | 1978-07-25 | Yukl Tex N | Electronic pain control system |
US4071033A (en) * | 1976-12-20 | 1978-01-31 | Nawracaj Edward P | Electrotherapeutic device with modulated dual signals |
US4226246A (en) * | 1977-05-27 | 1980-10-07 | Carba Societe Anonyme | Apparatus for maintaining the negative potential of human, animal, and plant cells |
US4185640A (en) * | 1977-07-29 | 1980-01-29 | Moskovsky Oblastnoi Nauchno-Isslevovatelsky Institut Akusherstva I. Ginekologii | Device for pulse current action on central nervous system |
US4121594A (en) * | 1977-09-26 | 1978-10-24 | Med General, Inc. | Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator |
US4249537A (en) * | 1979-05-18 | 1981-02-10 | Chaconas Charles G | Current controlled muscle stimulator |
US4503863A (en) * | 1979-06-29 | 1985-03-12 | Katims Jefferson J | Method and apparatus for transcutaneous electrical stimulation |
US4305402A (en) * | 1979-06-29 | 1981-12-15 | Katims Jefferson J | Method for transcutaneous electrical stimulation |
FR2493074A1 (fr) * | 1980-10-23 | 1982-04-30 | Gorenje Tovarna Gospodinjske | Circuit de commande d'un stimulateur therapeutique pour le traitement de l'incontinence urinaire |
US4387719A (en) * | 1980-10-23 | 1983-06-14 | Gorenje Tovarna Gospodinjske Opreme N.Sol.O. Velenje | Control circuit of a therapeutic stimulator for the urinary incontinence |
US4388929A (en) * | 1980-12-11 | 1983-06-21 | Vitafin N.V. | Programmable pacer and method of external programming |
EP0111229A3 (en) * | 1982-12-08 | 1984-07-25 | Neurotronic (1981) Ltee. | Electric nerve stimulator device |
EP0111229A2 (fr) * | 1982-12-08 | 1984-06-20 | Neurotronic (1981) Ltee. | Dispositif pour la stimulation électrique des nerfs |
US4573449A (en) * | 1983-03-08 | 1986-03-04 | Warnke Egon F | Method for stimulating the falling asleep and/or relaxing behavior of a person and an arrangement therefor |
US5387231A (en) * | 1992-07-21 | 1995-02-07 | Sporer; Patsy | Electrotherapy method |
EP0592851A2 (fr) * | 1992-09-25 | 1994-04-20 | Symtonic S.A. | Système et méthode d'application d'une émission thérapeutique de faible énergie |
EP0592851A3 (en) * | 1992-09-25 | 1997-08-06 | Symtonic Sa | Method and system for applying low energy emission therapy |
US5577990A (en) * | 1993-12-28 | 1996-11-26 | Nusa Widjaja | Trophotropic response method |
US5643173A (en) * | 1995-09-01 | 1997-07-01 | Welles; William F. | Method and apparatus for stress relief |
US7079659B1 (en) * | 1996-03-26 | 2006-07-18 | Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International | Sound generating apparatus and method, sound generating space and sound, each provided for significantly increasing cerebral blood flows of persons |
US6567702B1 (en) | 1999-10-15 | 2003-05-20 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Eliciting analgesia by transcranial electrical stimulation |
US6505079B1 (en) | 2000-09-13 | 2003-01-07 | Foster Bio Technology Corp. | Electrical stimulation of tissue for therapeutic and diagnostic purposes |
US20030158589A1 (en) * | 2002-02-15 | 2003-08-21 | Katsnelson Yakov S. | Transcranial electrostimulation apparatus and method |
US6904322B2 (en) * | 2002-02-15 | 2005-06-07 | Kalaco Scientific, Inc. | Transcranial electrostimulation apparatus and method |
WO2004011080A1 (fr) * | 2002-07-30 | 2004-02-05 | Second Sight, Llc | Focalisation de champ et mise en correspondance dans un groupe d'electrodes |
US8428735B2 (en) | 2004-05-24 | 2013-04-23 | Bioinduction Limited | Electrotherapy apparatus |
US20100160998A1 (en) * | 2004-10-23 | 2010-06-24 | Bell John O | Passive monitoring of bioelectical signals and active electrical anesthesia stimulation |
US7986996B2 (en) | 2004-10-23 | 2011-07-26 | Bell John O | Passive monitoring of bioelectical signals and active electrical anesthesia stimulation |
US7899542B2 (en) | 2006-06-20 | 2011-03-01 | Ebr Systems, Inc. | Systems and methods for implantable leadless spine stimulation |
US8494643B2 (en) | 2006-06-20 | 2013-07-23 | Ebr Systems, Inc. | Systems and methods for implantable leadless nerve stimulation |
US20110118810A1 (en) * | 2006-06-20 | 2011-05-19 | Ebr Systems, Inc. | Systems and methods for implantable leadless nerve stimulation |
US20110166621A1 (en) * | 2006-06-20 | 2011-07-07 | Ebr Systems, Inc. | Systems and methods for implantable leadless spine stimulation |
US7894907B2 (en) | 2006-06-20 | 2011-02-22 | Ebr Systems, Inc. | Systems and methods for implantable leadless nerve stimulation |
US20070293909A1 (en) * | 2006-06-20 | 2007-12-20 | Ebr Systems, Inc. | Systems and methods for implantable leadless spine stimulation |
US8494642B2 (en) | 2006-06-20 | 2013-07-23 | Ebr Systems, Inc. | Systems and methods for implantable leadless spine stimulation |
US10143850B2 (en) | 2006-06-20 | 2018-12-04 | Ebr Systems, Inc. | Systems and methods for implantable leadless tissue stimulation |
US9452286B2 (en) | 2006-06-20 | 2016-09-27 | Ebr Systems, Inc. | Systems and methods for implantable leadless tissue stimulation |
US9101766B2 (en) | 2009-10-16 | 2015-08-11 | The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University | Eliciting analgesia by transcranial electrical stimulation |
US20110093033A1 (en) * | 2009-10-16 | 2011-04-21 | Stanford University | Eliciting analgesia by transcranial electrical stimulation |
US9186505B2 (en) | 2014-02-21 | 2015-11-17 | Novo HB, LLC | Transcranial electrostimulation device and method |
US20230029600A1 (en) * | 2015-09-11 | 2023-02-02 | Nalu Medical, Inc. | Apparatus for peripheral or spinal stimulation |
US10792495B2 (en) | 2016-12-01 | 2020-10-06 | Thimble Bioelectronics, Inc. | Neuromodulation device and method for use |
US11801383B2 (en) | 2016-12-01 | 2023-10-31 | Hinge Health, Inc. | Neuromodulation device and method for use |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2153190B1 (fr) | 1974-03-29 |
FR2153190A1 (fr) | 1973-05-04 |
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