US3832848A - Method to reduce noxious components in the exhaust of internal combustion engines - Google Patents

Method to reduce noxious components in the exhaust of internal combustion engines Download PDF

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Publication number
US3832848A
US3832848A US00271009A US27100972A US3832848A US 3832848 A US3832848 A US 3832848A US 00271009 A US00271009 A US 00271009A US 27100972 A US27100972 A US 27100972A US 3832848 A US3832848 A US 3832848A
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Prior art keywords
exhaust gases
air
exhaust
engine
reactor
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00271009A
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English (en)
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F Scholl
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/22—Control of additional air supply only, e.g. using by-passes or variable air pump drives
    • F01N3/222—Control of additional air supply only, e.g. using by-passes or variable air pump drives using electric valves only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/22—Control of additional air supply only, e.g. using by-passes or variable air pump drives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2250/00—Combinations of different methods of purification
    • F01N2250/04—Combinations of different methods of purification afterburning and catalytic conversion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2430/00—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
    • F01N2430/06—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics by varying fuel-air ratio, e.g. by enriching fuel-air mixture

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method to reduce noxious components being liberated and exhausted from internal combustion engines and more particularly to such systems which utilize a thermal or a catalytic reactor, or both, in order to treat the exhaust gases from the engines.
  • This air number A is a measure of the composition of the air-fuel mixture.
  • number A- is proportional to the mass of air and fuel, and the value of this number A is one (A 1.0) if a stoichiometric 'mixture is present.
  • the mixture Under stoichiometric conditions, the mixture has such a composition that, in view of the chemical reactions, all hydrocarbons in the fuel can theoretically combine with the oxygen in the air to provide complete combustion to carbon dioxide and water.
  • the ratio, by weight, for A 1 is about 14.4:1. In actual practice, even with a stoichiometric mixture, unburned hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide are contained in the exhaust gases.
  • the engine is supplied with a rich mixture, that is,one in which (A l )
  • the resulting composition of the exhaust gases is sensed .with a sensing device.
  • additional air is introduced to the exhaust gases until the value of A in the exhaust gases has a predetermined level.
  • a system is provided which is reliable and inexpensive in construction, and carrying out the invention.
  • the system includes an amplifier, which is connected to the sensing device to control a valve which controls the injection of airinto the exhaust system of the internal combustion engine.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram illustrating the system of the present invention and useful in the explanation of the method
  • FIG. 2 is a fragmentaryview of a portion of the system, illustrating in modification
  • FIG. 3 is a fragmentary View illustrating a different modification.
  • Catalytic or combined thermo-chemical and catalytic reactors to treat and detoxify the exhaust gases of internal combustion engines are particularly applicable with automotive internal combustion engines,-in order to permit operation of the engine with a minimum of polluting exhaust being liberated into the atmosphere.
  • the results of pollution-reducing systems are particularly good when the reactors have gas applied thereto in which the composition is accuratelycontrolled, particularly with respect to the oxygen balance or oxygen level.
  • Such control is best obtained'when the air number A of the fuel-air mixture being applied to the internal combustion is slightly rich, that is, has a composition which is slightly below the stoichiometric value.
  • the air number A should, for example, be A 0.995.
  • control of the air-fuel ratio applied to the internal combustion engine requires control apparatus which is relatively expensive and complicated if it is to be accurate to even i 1 percent.
  • the air-fuel mixture which is applied to the internal combustion engine is only roughly determined, for example, by means of car'- buretors, fuel injection pumps or other known devices, the control being set to provide a mixture to the inlet of the internal combustion at an air number A 0.95 to A 0.99, depending on the operating parameters within which'the engine operates or to.which the engine is subjected.
  • This control of the air number of the mixture being supplied tothe engine can be effected in dependence .on engine speed, ambient air pressure, temperature and other parameters.
  • secondary air is applied to the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine, the air being applied thereto behind the combustion chambers, 'that' is, for example, to the exhaust manifold of the internal combustionengine.
  • a typical sensing device is an oxygen sensor.
  • Such secondary air, applied to the exhaust syst'em of the internal combustion engine may be approximately 0.5 percent to 5 percent of the air applied to the input of the engine. The requirements regarding accuracy are thus substantially less since a relative error of about i percent can influence the air number A by at most 0.5 percent.
  • the internal combustion engine 10 has an air-fuel mixture applied thereto, the air being freely introduced, and fuel being supplied from a fuel tank 11 by means of a well-known metering device 18, for example, acarburetor, a fuel injection system or the like.
  • Metering device 18 is so set that the mixture applied to the engine is slightly rich, that is, the air number A is less than 1.
  • the exhaust from the internal combustion engine is then applied to a catalytic reactor 12.
  • An exhaust gas sensing device 13 is located in the exhaust system, for example, behind the reactor 12, to sense the composition of the exhaust gases. Output signals'are obtained from the sensor 13 which will be representative of the composition of the exhaust gases in-the exhaust system of the internal combustion engine.
  • Control valve 15 which is interposed into an air line 16 connecting a blower 17 to the exhaust system, for example, the exhaust manifold of the internal combustion engine. Opening the valve more or less, introduces more or less in additional air into the exhaust system of the engine. Valve 15 thus can control the amount of additional air being introduced into the exhaust system of the internal combustion engine, so that the air number A of the gases being applied to the reactor 12 can be accurately controlled to a desired value.
  • Air, which is applied over line 16 to the exhaust system of the internal combustion engine is appliedfrom blower 17, which, for example, can be directly driven from the internal combustion engine 10 since with a given A, the secondary air which is required is roughly proportional to engine speed (as a first approximation).
  • the air sensor 13, as shown in FIG. 1, is connected downstream from catalytic reactor 12. It is also possible to break the exhaust system, for example. the exhaust manifold 19 at points X, X and introduce the sensor 13 upstream-from the reactor 12. This embodiment is illustrated in FlG. 2, where a conventional senthe engine, and the additional air supplied by blower 17 over valve 15 and through line 16. If the sensor is located upstream of junction 20, then only the engine exhaust gases themselves would be sensed and any errors in the control loop between the sensor 13 and the blower 15 would not be detected.
  • the exhaust manifold 19 of the engine can be insulated so that it, itself, will form a thermal reactor for oxidation of carbon monoxide and unburned hydrocarbons, the junction 18 being located adjacent to or within the portion of the exhaust system forming a thermal reactor.
  • Theoutput signal from sensor 13, amplified in amplifier 14 can also be utilized to control the relative portion of air and fuel being applied to the metering device, for example, by means of a control system 21, to approximately adjust the air number to be just below a value of one.
  • Method to reduce noxious components in the exhaust of an internal combustion engine in which a reactor means (12) is provided to treat the exhaust gases, and asensing means (13; 23, 33) is exposed to the exhaust gases. and provides anoutput signal representative of the composition of the exhaust gases, said method comprising the steps of sensing the presence, or absence of free oxygen in the exhaust gases from the engine to obtain a measure of the composition of theexhaust gases from the engine before their liberation into the atmosphere;
  • Exhaust control system for an internal combustion engine comprising 1 means (18) controlling the relative proportion of air and fuel being applied to the engine to provide a mixture of fuel and air always having an air number less than unity ()t l) to the engine;
  • anoxygen sensing means (13, 23, 33),located to be exposed to the exhaust gases from the engine and sensing for the presence, or absence, of free oxygen in the exhaust gases from the engine;
  • the air introduction means further comprises a blower applying air under pressure to the controllable valve (15) said blower being driven by the internal combustion engine and having a speed proportional thereto.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
US00271009A 1972-03-30 1972-07-12 Method to reduce noxious components in the exhaust of internal combustion engines Expired - Lifetime US3832848A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2215533A DE2215533C3 (de) 1972-03-30 1972-03-30 Vorrichtung zur Verminderung der schädlichen Anteile in den Abgasen einer Brennkraftmaschine

Publications (1)

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US3832848A true US3832848A (en) 1974-09-03

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US00271009A Expired - Lifetime US3832848A (en) 1972-03-30 1972-07-12 Method to reduce noxious components in the exhaust of internal combustion engines

Country Status (19)

Country Link
US (1) US3832848A (de)
JP (1) JPS554208B2 (de)
AR (1) AR205878A1 (de)
AT (1) AT323474B (de)
BE (1) BE797541A (de)
BR (1) BR7302172D0 (de)
CA (1) CA1004029A (de)
CH (1) CH557951A (de)
CS (1) CS160623B2 (de)
DE (1) DE2215533C3 (de)
ES (1) ES413136A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2178606A5 (de)
GB (1) GB1429664A (de)
IT (1) IT981752B (de)
NL (1) NL7304375A (de)
PL (1) PL85218B1 (de)
SU (1) SU826971A3 (de)
TR (1) TR18184A (de)
ZA (1) ZA731812B (de)

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3927524A (en) * 1974-02-22 1975-12-23 Garrett Corp Engine exhaust reactor air flow ratio control method and apparatus
US3945204A (en) * 1973-06-29 1976-03-23 Robert Bosch Gmbh Process for the detoxification of exhaust gases
US3961477A (en) * 1974-01-12 1976-06-08 Robert Bosch G.M.B.H. Process and system for detoxicating the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine
US3982394A (en) * 1973-05-25 1976-09-28 Deutsche Vergaser Gmbh & Co. Kommanditgesellschaft Control installation for the proportioning of a secondary air quantity for achieving optimum combustion or after-burning in internal combustion engines
US3986352A (en) * 1975-05-08 1976-10-19 General Motors Corporation Closed loop fuel control using air injection in open loop modes
US4024707A (en) * 1974-05-11 1977-05-24 Robert Bosch G.M.B.H. Apparatus for the control of air admission to the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine including a safety circuit means
US4043300A (en) * 1974-02-08 1977-08-23 Regie Nationale Des Usines Renault Apparatus for balancing the flow of two agents, capable of reacting together to provide energy, to an energy generator
US4075834A (en) * 1974-12-06 1978-02-28 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Air-fuel ratio control adjusting system in an internal combustion engine
US4149376A (en) * 1975-04-21 1979-04-17 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Internal combustion engine equipped with exhaust gas purifying device
US4318708A (en) * 1977-08-23 1982-03-09 Ab Volvo Method of investigation or control of catalysts or catalyst reactions
US4363209A (en) * 1979-06-27 1982-12-14 Hitachi, Ltd. Air-fuel control method and apparatus for internal combustion engine
US4376369A (en) * 1980-02-22 1983-03-15 Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Device for controlling primary and secondary air/fuel ratios for internal combustion engine
US4385491A (en) * 1980-01-08 1983-05-31 Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Engine mixture control system controlling primary and secondary air-fuel mixtures
US5021227A (en) * 1989-02-02 1991-06-04 Nippon Shokubai Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd. Method of removing nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases from a diesel engine
US5067973A (en) * 1988-09-27 1991-11-26 Pattas Konstatin N Method of and an apparatus for regenerating a diesel particulate exhaust filter
US5822976A (en) * 1995-04-05 1998-10-20 Ford Global Technologies, Inc. Method and system for controlling the amount of secondary air introduced into an internal combustion engine
US20100107607A1 (en) * 2007-02-16 2010-05-06 Andre Kopp Method and device for producing ammonia for the exhaust gas treatment in internal combustion engines in a motor vehicle
US20130115563A1 (en) * 2011-11-07 2013-05-09 Honeywell Technologies Sarl, Z.A. Method for operating a gas burner

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2235852B2 (de) * 1972-07-21 1975-10-30 Deutsche Vergaser Gmbh & Co Kg, 4040 Neuss Steuereinrichtung für die Bemessung von Zusatzluft für den Abgas-Nachbrenner einer Brennkraftmaschine
JPS52106720U (de) * 1976-02-10 1977-08-13
JPS52139820A (en) * 1976-05-18 1977-11-22 Toyota Motor Corp Exhaust gas purifier for internal combustion engine
JPS5319616U (de) * 1976-07-30 1978-02-20
JPS5392031A (en) * 1977-01-21 1978-08-12 Nissan Motor Co Ltd Sulphate inhibiting device for internal combustion engine
DE3926516A1 (de) * 1989-08-10 1991-02-14 Oberland Mangold Gmbh Regelkreis zur beeinflussung der abgaszusammensetzung eines verbrennungsmotors
CA2026300C (en) * 1989-10-23 1996-07-16 Monika Engel-Bader Catalyst system for producing polyethylene terephthalate from a lower dialkyl ester of a dicarboxylic acid and a glycol
DE4120891A1 (de) * 1991-06-25 1993-01-07 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Brennkraftmaschine mit einer sekundaerluftpumpe, sowie betriebsverfahren hierfuer
JP2601072B2 (ja) * 1991-09-20 1997-04-16 株式会社日立製作所 内燃機関とその運転方法および自動車
DE4225361A1 (de) * 1992-07-31 1994-02-03 Audi Ag Verfahren zur Funktionsprüfung der Sekundärluftzuführung in das Abgassystem einer Brennkraftmaschine
DE10329522B4 (de) * 2003-06-30 2006-02-16 Daimlerchrysler Ag Verfahren zur Ermittlung der Födermenge einer Sekundärlufteinblasung

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US2244669A (en) * 1936-08-01 1941-06-10 Askania Werke Ag Control device for the fuel feed of internal combustion engines
US3032969A (en) * 1961-08-28 1962-05-08 Llewellyn T Barnes Venturi degassing attachment
US3284165A (en) * 1963-09-12 1966-11-08 Bosch Gmbh Robert Electrical measuring device for the analysis of exhaust gases of internal combustionengines
US3406515A (en) * 1964-01-02 1968-10-22 Texaco Inc Internal combustion engine system for exhaust emissions control
US3441381A (en) * 1965-06-22 1969-04-29 Engelhard Ind Inc Apparatus for purifying exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine
US3464801A (en) * 1964-09-28 1969-09-02 Tenex Corp The Catalytic system for inert gas generation
US3616274A (en) * 1969-11-24 1971-10-26 Gen Motors Corp Method and apparatus for monitoring exhaust gas
US3683625A (en) * 1970-05-25 1972-08-15 Edward J Mccrink Smog reducer
US3696618A (en) * 1971-04-19 1972-10-10 Universal Oil Prod Co Control system for an engine system
US3730157A (en) * 1970-05-25 1973-05-01 Universal Oil Prod Co Carburetor control system and method for regulating air to fuel ratio
US3738341A (en) * 1969-03-22 1973-06-12 Philips Corp Device for controlling the air-fuel ratio {80 {11 in a combustion engine
US3768259A (en) * 1971-07-06 1973-10-30 Universal Oil Prod Co Control for an engine system

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2244669A (en) * 1936-08-01 1941-06-10 Askania Werke Ag Control device for the fuel feed of internal combustion engines
US3032969A (en) * 1961-08-28 1962-05-08 Llewellyn T Barnes Venturi degassing attachment
US3284165A (en) * 1963-09-12 1966-11-08 Bosch Gmbh Robert Electrical measuring device for the analysis of exhaust gases of internal combustionengines
US3406515A (en) * 1964-01-02 1968-10-22 Texaco Inc Internal combustion engine system for exhaust emissions control
US3464801A (en) * 1964-09-28 1969-09-02 Tenex Corp The Catalytic system for inert gas generation
US3441381A (en) * 1965-06-22 1969-04-29 Engelhard Ind Inc Apparatus for purifying exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine
US3738341A (en) * 1969-03-22 1973-06-12 Philips Corp Device for controlling the air-fuel ratio {80 {11 in a combustion engine
US3616274A (en) * 1969-11-24 1971-10-26 Gen Motors Corp Method and apparatus for monitoring exhaust gas
US3683625A (en) * 1970-05-25 1972-08-15 Edward J Mccrink Smog reducer
US3730157A (en) * 1970-05-25 1973-05-01 Universal Oil Prod Co Carburetor control system and method for regulating air to fuel ratio
US3696618A (en) * 1971-04-19 1972-10-10 Universal Oil Prod Co Control system for an engine system
US3768259A (en) * 1971-07-06 1973-10-30 Universal Oil Prod Co Control for an engine system

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3982394A (en) * 1973-05-25 1976-09-28 Deutsche Vergaser Gmbh & Co. Kommanditgesellschaft Control installation for the proportioning of a secondary air quantity for achieving optimum combustion or after-burning in internal combustion engines
US3945204A (en) * 1973-06-29 1976-03-23 Robert Bosch Gmbh Process for the detoxification of exhaust gases
US3961477A (en) * 1974-01-12 1976-06-08 Robert Bosch G.M.B.H. Process and system for detoxicating the exhaust gases of an internal combustion engine
US4043300A (en) * 1974-02-08 1977-08-23 Regie Nationale Des Usines Renault Apparatus for balancing the flow of two agents, capable of reacting together to provide energy, to an energy generator
US3927524A (en) * 1974-02-22 1975-12-23 Garrett Corp Engine exhaust reactor air flow ratio control method and apparatus
US4024707A (en) * 1974-05-11 1977-05-24 Robert Bosch G.M.B.H. Apparatus for the control of air admission to the exhaust system of an internal combustion engine including a safety circuit means
US4075834A (en) * 1974-12-06 1978-02-28 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Air-fuel ratio control adjusting system in an internal combustion engine
US4149376A (en) * 1975-04-21 1979-04-17 Nissan Motor Company, Limited Internal combustion engine equipped with exhaust gas purifying device
US3986352A (en) * 1975-05-08 1976-10-19 General Motors Corporation Closed loop fuel control using air injection in open loop modes
US4318708A (en) * 1977-08-23 1982-03-09 Ab Volvo Method of investigation or control of catalysts or catalyst reactions
US4363209A (en) * 1979-06-27 1982-12-14 Hitachi, Ltd. Air-fuel control method and apparatus for internal combustion engine
US4385491A (en) * 1980-01-08 1983-05-31 Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Engine mixture control system controlling primary and secondary air-fuel mixtures
US4376369A (en) * 1980-02-22 1983-03-15 Toyota Jidosha Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Device for controlling primary and secondary air/fuel ratios for internal combustion engine
US5067973A (en) * 1988-09-27 1991-11-26 Pattas Konstatin N Method of and an apparatus for regenerating a diesel particulate exhaust filter
US5021227A (en) * 1989-02-02 1991-06-04 Nippon Shokubai Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd. Method of removing nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases from a diesel engine
US5116579A (en) * 1989-02-02 1992-05-26 Nippon Shokubai Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd. Removing nitrogen oxides in exhaust gases from a diesel engine
US5822976A (en) * 1995-04-05 1998-10-20 Ford Global Technologies, Inc. Method and system for controlling the amount of secondary air introduced into an internal combustion engine
US20100107607A1 (en) * 2007-02-16 2010-05-06 Andre Kopp Method and device for producing ammonia for the exhaust gas treatment in internal combustion engines in a motor vehicle
US8627655B2 (en) * 2007-02-16 2014-01-14 Audi, Ag Method and device for producing ammonia for the exhaust gas treatment in internal combustion engines in a motor vehicle
US20130115563A1 (en) * 2011-11-07 2013-05-09 Honeywell Technologies Sarl, Z.A. Method for operating a gas burner
US9134026B2 (en) * 2011-11-07 2015-09-15 Honeywell Technologies Sarl Method for operating a gas burner

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1429664A (en) 1976-03-24
SU826971A3 (ru) 1981-04-30
AT323474B (de) 1975-07-10
AR205878A1 (es) 1976-06-15
DE2215533A1 (de) 1973-10-11
BR7302172D0 (pt) 1974-06-27
JPS4913515A (de) 1974-02-06
CH557951A (de) 1975-01-15
CS160623B2 (de) 1975-03-28
IT981752B (it) 1974-10-10
JPS554208B2 (de) 1980-01-29
BE797541A (fr) 1973-07-16
NL7304375A (de) 1973-10-02
TR18184A (tr) 1978-02-26
CA1004029A (en) 1977-01-25
ES413136A1 (es) 1976-01-16
PL85218B1 (de) 1976-04-30
DE2215533B2 (de) 1979-03-29
ZA731812B (en) 1973-12-19
DE2215533C3 (de) 1979-11-22
FR2178606A5 (de) 1973-11-09

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