US3831659A - Method of dispensing low velocity liquid material for strip casting - Google Patents

Method of dispensing low velocity liquid material for strip casting Download PDF

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Publication number
US3831659A
US3831659A US00324700A US32470073A US3831659A US 3831659 A US3831659 A US 3831659A US 00324700 A US00324700 A US 00324700A US 32470073 A US32470073 A US 32470073A US 3831659 A US3831659 A US 3831659A
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United States
Prior art keywords
liquid metal
chamber
liquid
tundish
casting
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US00324700A
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English (en)
Inventor
C Gerding
L Todora
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Jones and Laughlin Steel Inc
Ltv Steel Co Inc
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Jones and Laughlin Steel Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Jones and Laughlin Steel Corp filed Critical Jones and Laughlin Steel Corp
Priority to US00324700A priority Critical patent/US3831659A/en
Priority to FR7345392A priority patent/FR2214544B1/fr
Priority to CA188,256A priority patent/CA1008222A/en
Priority to AU63903/73A priority patent/AU477395B2/en
Priority to DE2401572A priority patent/DE2401572A1/de
Priority to IT19404/74A priority patent/IT1006905B/it
Priority to GB205774A priority patent/GB1453148A/en
Priority to JP49008200A priority patent/JPS5748303B2/ja
Priority to NL7400695A priority patent/NL7400695A/xx
Priority to US470510A priority patent/US3907163A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3831659A publication Critical patent/US3831659A/en
Assigned to JONES & LAUGHLIN STEEL, INCORPORATED reassignment JONES & LAUGHLIN STEEL, INCORPORATED MERGER (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). , DELAWARE, EFFECTIVE JUNE 22, 1981. Assignors: JONES & LAUGHLIN STEEL CORPORATION, A CORP. OF PA., NEW J&L STEEL CORPRATION, A CORP. OF DE., (CHANGED TO), YOUNGTOWN SHEET & TUBE COMPANY, A CORP. OF OH. (MERGED INTO)
Assigned to LTV STEEL COMPANY, INC., reassignment LTV STEEL COMPANY, INC., MERGER AND CHANGE OF NAME EFFECTIVE DECEMBER 19, 1984, (NEW JERSEY) Assignors: JONES & LAUGHLIN STEEL, INCORPORATED, A DE. CORP. (INTO), REPUBLIC STEEL CORPORATION, A NJ CORP. (CHANGEDTO)
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/10—Supplying or treating molten metal
    • B22D11/11—Treating the molten metal
    • B22D11/116—Refining the metal
    • B22D11/118—Refining the metal by circulating the metal under, over or around weirs

Definitions

  • a multi-chambered container may be utilized to transform a pulsating input stream of liquid material into a constant liquid stream having a low velocity.
  • a pulsating stream it is meant a stream which has periods of nominally high flow rate interspersed with periods of low (and including zero) flow rate. It has been found that at least three chambers are necessary in order to be able to obtain the desired transformation.
  • the technique briefly comprises feeding liquid material in a pulsating manner into an initial chamber of a multichambered container and subsequently, under the influence of gravity, flowing the liquid material into at least two succeeding chambers so as to dampen pulsations in liquid material level which are created in the initial chamber.
  • the above procedure permits one to obtain a low and reasonably constant liquid material height in the final chamber of the container.
  • a low and constant liquid velocity can be attained upon exit from the final chamber.
  • a liquid stream having the above characteristics has obvious advantages for applications which require such feeding characteristics.
  • the continuous casting of strip or strip casting is one such process.
  • strip casting is intended to encompass any strip casting process where liquid material is poured onto a casting surface, permitted to solidify, and subsequently removed from the casting surface. Examples of such processes includes strip castings produced upon contact with surfaces of rings, belts. drums, etc.
  • This objective would be beneficial in the case in which a refractorylined ladle equipped with a stopper-rod were used as the intermittent feeding device because minimization of stopper-rod opening and closing would be beneficial to the prevention of ultimate leakage and refractory erosion at the stopper-nozzle interface.
  • FIG. 1 is a photograph which illustrates evidence of remelting on the bottom surface of a case strip which was cast from a high velocity tundish stream.
  • FIG. .2 depicts the symbols used in a mathematical model of the tundish system.
  • FIG. 3 represents the dynamic behavior of a threechambered tundish system as predicted by a computer model for a particular-set of conditions.
  • FIG. 4 is a front view of a tundish having three chambers.
  • FIG. 5 is a top view of a tundish having three chambers.
  • FIG. 6 depicts an overall view of metal feeding system in which a stoppered ladle, tundish, and ring casting system are included.
  • Our application is directed to a method and tundish apparatus which can transform a pulsating stream of liquid material of reasonable frequency into a relatively constant stream having a low velocity.
  • a relatively constant, low liquid height or hydrostatic head must be created and maintained in the tundish chamber from whichthe liquid is exhausted.
  • the velocity from the chamber is established by the nozzle or disc-orifice diameter used and the liquid head over the nozzle according to the following relationship:
  • V velocity in feet per second overall orifice (or nozzle) flow coefficient g 32.2 feet/second h liquid height over orifice feet
  • a 1 foot height of liquid over a nozzle with c 0.70 will dispense liquid at a mean velocity of 5.62 feet per second.
  • vessel to chamber 1 of FIG. 2 may be applied by assuming a time cycle of constant period during some fixed portion of which V is set equal to zero.
  • FIG. 3 is a graphical depiction of the results of the three-chambered computer model predictions for a few cycles of operation.
  • the conditions used for the model were as follows:
  • Nozzle draining chamber 4 is l-% in. dia.
  • FIG. 4 is a front view of the preferred tundish.
  • the tundish is capable of transforming a pulsating stream of a liquid material, for example, steel, into a relatively constant stream having a low velocity.
  • the tundish is comprised of a container 5 which is lined with a refractory material 6 when high temperature liquids, such as steel, are handled.
  • the container has a generally sloping bottom and sidewalls.
  • Container 5 is separated into three chambers 1, 2, and 3 by means of partitions 7 and 8.
  • Chamber 1 comprises the initial chamber and is adapted for receiving and holding the liquid material.
  • Chamber 3 comprises an intermediate holding chamber and chamber 4 comprises the final chamber which is adapted to hold and dispense the liquid material.
  • Dispensing means 9, preferably in the form of a nozzle, are connected to the bottom of final chamber 4 to provide for exhuastion of liquid material. As would occur to those skilled in the art, the dispensing means could comprise multiple nozzles.
  • Orifice means 10 and 11 are incorporated into and pass through partition means 7 and 8 respectively in order to interconnect chambers l and 3 and 3 and 4 respectively. This will allow liquid to flow between the respective chambers.
  • the orifices are preferably located near the bottom of the partition means in order to minimize exposure of the liquid to potential oxidation or contamination by the atmospheric environment in the tundish. Such location is also beneficial when metal liquids are being treated as any protective blanket of slag on top of the liquid metal in the respective chambers would be relatively undisturbed by consequent metal flow patterns.
  • Orifice means and 11 are also preferably of a large or maximum size in order to avoid clogging or blockage due to various solid impurities during operation and upon shutdown of the device.
  • the orifices are also preferably located so that they are not in a direct liquid flow line with respect to each other. In other words, a degree of directional offset is preferred.
  • Flow diverting means 12 are preferably utilized in final chamber 4. Suitable means would include a baffle connected to the floor of final chamber. The diverting means function to reduce the creation of an undesirable vortex condition at dispensing means 9. A vortex condition could lead to undesirable erosion of the dispensing means nozzle, poor pouring characteristics such as splashing, and excessive reoxidation or recontamination of the liquid.
  • FIG. 5 represents a top view of the preferred three chamber tundish. This view illustrates the previously mentioned aspect of using offset connecting orifices.
  • FIG. 6 is illustrative of the use of a three-chambered tundish 22 comprising chambers 1, 3, and 4 in combination with a refractory-lined ladle which has a stopper-rod 21 to provide a pulsating, intermittent source of liquid material to initial chamber 1 of the tundish.
  • Tundish 22 may be provided with a cover 23 and burner ports 24 and 25 for auxiliary heating in the event that it is desired to heat the liquid material.
  • the pulsating liquid material enters initial tundish chamber 1 and passes through chambers 3 and 4 prior to exiting at nozzle 26, being received in a pool, and subsequently cast by ring casting device 27.
  • our invention also comprises a method of obtaining a low velocity liquid stream.
  • the method comprises the steps of feeding a liquid material in a pulsating manner into an initial chamber ofa multichamber vessel or container and subsequently flowing, under the influence of gravity, the liquid through at least an intermediate and final chamber so as to dampen pulsations which were created in the initial chamber, and finally dispensing the liquid, under the influence of gravity, from the final chamber.
  • This method has particular utility in providing a casting stream of characteristics that are desirable for use in conjunction with the strip casting of ferrous or nonferrous metals such as steel, copper, aluminum, etc.
  • the casting stream is characterized as smooth, laminar and non-splashing. It is a preferred embodiment of our method to divert the liquid flow prior to exit from the final chamber in a manner which will reduce any tendency to form an undesirable vortex flow condition as the liquid is dispensed from the final chamber.
  • a method of continuously strip casting a liquid metal which comprises:
  • a method of continuously strip casting a liquid metal as recited in claim 1 which further comprises:
  • the liquid metal comprises a ferrous metal.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Casting Support Devices, Ladles, And Melt Control Thereby (AREA)
US00324700A 1973-01-18 1973-01-18 Method of dispensing low velocity liquid material for strip casting Expired - Lifetime US3831659A (en)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00324700A US3831659A (en) 1973-01-18 1973-01-18 Method of dispensing low velocity liquid material for strip casting
FR7345392A FR2214544B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-01-18 1973-12-13
CA188,256A CA1008222A (en) 1973-01-18 1973-12-17 Method and apparatus for dispensing liquid material
AU63903/73A AU477395B2 (en) 1973-01-18 1973-12-21 Method and apparatus for dispensing liquid materials
DE2401572A DE2401572A1 (de) 1973-01-18 1974-01-14 Giesswanne zum langsamen giessen und verfahren
IT19404/74A IT1006905B (it) 1973-01-18 1974-01-15 Serbatoio per erogare un liquido a bassa velocita e relativo procedi mento di erogazione
GB205774A GB1453148A (en) 1973-01-18 1974-01-16 Low velocity tundish and method
JP49008200A JPS5748303B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-01-18 1974-01-17
NL7400695A NL7400695A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-01-18 1974-01-18
US470510A US3907163A (en) 1973-01-18 1974-05-16 Method of dispensing low velocity liquid material

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00324700A US3831659A (en) 1973-01-18 1973-01-18 Method of dispensing low velocity liquid material for strip casting

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US470510A Division US3907163A (en) 1973-01-18 1974-05-16 Method of dispensing low velocity liquid material

Publications (1)

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US3831659A true US3831659A (en) 1974-08-27

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US00324700A Expired - Lifetime US3831659A (en) 1973-01-18 1973-01-18 Method of dispensing low velocity liquid material for strip casting

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3831659A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5748303B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA1008222A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2401572A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2214544B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1453148A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT1006905B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL7400695A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4042229A (en) * 1975-06-17 1977-08-16 Foseco Trading A.G. Tundish with weirs
US4386958A (en) * 1981-05-04 1983-06-07 Olin Corporation Process and flotation box for inclusion removal
US4998579A (en) * 1989-05-11 1991-03-12 Cominco Ltd. Electrode casting system
EP0481627A1 (en) * 1990-10-15 1992-04-22 Magneco/Metrel, Inc. Method and devices for removing alumina and other inclusions from steel contained in tundishes
US5238049A (en) * 1992-10-06 1993-08-24 Reynolds Metals Company Adjustable flow control device for continuous casting of metal strip
US5879616A (en) * 1996-01-22 1999-03-09 Harbison-Walker Refractories Company Metallurgical vessel and method of using the same
EP0533943A4 (en) * 1991-03-27 2000-04-12 Kawasaki Steel Co SYSTEM FOR ELIMINATING NON-METALLIC INCLUSIONS IN MOLTEN METAL
CN108348996A (zh) * 2015-11-02 2018-07-31 株式会社Posco 钢水处理设备和钢水处理方法
US11154925B2 (en) * 2017-12-21 2021-10-26 Vesuvius U S A Corporation Configured tundish

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4184532A (en) 1976-05-04 1980-01-22 Allied Chemical Corporation Chill roll casting of continuous filament
US4301854A (en) 1977-10-05 1981-11-24 Allied Corporation Chill roll casting of continuous filament
IT1104455B (it) * 1978-09-05 1985-10-21 Piombino Acciaierie Materozza per lingottiera di colata continua
JPS63220953A (ja) * 1987-03-06 1988-09-14 Nippon Steel Corp Ｐｂ含有鋼の連続鋳造方法
GB2229384A (en) * 1989-03-13 1990-09-26 Inductotherm Corp Molten metal holding and pouring box and pouring nozzle
US4961563A (en) * 1989-06-12 1990-10-09 Inco Alloys International, Inc. Tundish for ingot pouring
FR2696368B1 (fr) * 1992-10-01 1994-12-23 Lorraine Laminage Récipient pour la coulée d'un métal liquide.

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2804665A (en) * 1955-09-22 1957-09-03 Babcock & Wilcox Co Method of and apparatus for continuously casting metal
US3439759A (en) * 1965-12-14 1969-04-22 Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech Method and apparatus for obtaining a constant predetermined flow of liquid,especially molten metal
US3456713A (en) * 1966-09-07 1969-07-22 Bliss Co Method for supplying multiple metal streams to a continuous casting mold
US3558121A (en) * 1967-09-28 1971-01-26 Kloeckner Werke Ag Apparatus for treating of steel or other metals, especially for continuous casting

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2804665A (en) * 1955-09-22 1957-09-03 Babcock & Wilcox Co Method of and apparatus for continuously casting metal
US3439759A (en) * 1965-12-14 1969-04-22 Siderurgie Fse Inst Rech Method and apparatus for obtaining a constant predetermined flow of liquid,especially molten metal
US3456713A (en) * 1966-09-07 1969-07-22 Bliss Co Method for supplying multiple metal streams to a continuous casting mold
US3558121A (en) * 1967-09-28 1971-01-26 Kloeckner Werke Ag Apparatus for treating of steel or other metals, especially for continuous casting

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4042229A (en) * 1975-06-17 1977-08-16 Foseco Trading A.G. Tundish with weirs
US4386958A (en) * 1981-05-04 1983-06-07 Olin Corporation Process and flotation box for inclusion removal
US4998579A (en) * 1989-05-11 1991-03-12 Cominco Ltd. Electrode casting system
EP0481627A1 (en) * 1990-10-15 1992-04-22 Magneco/Metrel, Inc. Method and devices for removing alumina and other inclusions from steel contained in tundishes
EP0533943A4 (en) * 1991-03-27 2000-04-12 Kawasaki Steel Co SYSTEM FOR ELIMINATING NON-METALLIC INCLUSIONS IN MOLTEN METAL
US5238049A (en) * 1992-10-06 1993-08-24 Reynolds Metals Company Adjustable flow control device for continuous casting of metal strip
US5879616A (en) * 1996-01-22 1999-03-09 Harbison-Walker Refractories Company Metallurgical vessel and method of using the same
CN108348996A (zh) * 2015-11-02 2018-07-31 株式会社Posco 钢水处理设备和钢水处理方法
CN108348996B (zh) * 2015-11-02 2020-06-12 株式会社Posco 钢水处理设备和钢水处理方法
US11154925B2 (en) * 2017-12-21 2021-10-26 Vesuvius U S A Corporation Configured tundish

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1453148A (en) 1976-10-20
JPS5748303B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1982-10-15
CA1008222A (en) 1977-04-12
FR2214544B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1978-09-08
AU6390373A (en) 1975-06-26
FR2214544A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-08-19
NL7400695A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-07-22
DE2401572A1 (de) 1974-07-25
JPS49103836A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-10-01
IT1006905B (it) 1976-10-20

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STCF Information on status: patent grant

Free format text: PATENTED FILE - (OLD CASE ADDED FOR FILE TRACKING PURPOSES)

AS Assignment

Owner name: JONES & LAUGHLIN STEEL, INCORPORATED

Free format text: MERGER;ASSIGNORS:JONES & LAUGHLIN STEEL CORPORATION, A CORP. OF PA.;YOUNGTOWN SHEET & TUBE COMPANY, A CORP. OF OH. (MERGED INTO);NEW J&L STEEL CORPRATION, A CORP. OF DE., (CHANGED TO);REEL/FRAME:004510/0801

Effective date: 19851018

AS Assignment

Owner name: LTV STEEL COMPANY, INC.,

Free format text: MERGER AND CHANGE OF NAME EFFECTIVE DECEMBER 19, 1984, (NEW JERSEY);ASSIGNORS:JONES & LAUGHLIN STEEL, INCORPORATED, A DE. CORP. (INTO);REPUBLIC STEEL CORPORATION, A NJ CORP. (CHANGEDTO);REEL/FRAME:004736/0443

Effective date: 19850612