US3818713A - Driving of tunnels - Google Patents

Driving of tunnels Download PDF

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Publication number
US3818713A
US3818713A US00180961A US18096171A US3818713A US 3818713 A US3818713 A US 3818713A US 00180961 A US00180961 A US 00180961A US 18096171 A US18096171 A US 18096171A US 3818713 A US3818713 A US 3818713A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
implements
lining
advanceable
revetment
shield
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00180961A
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English (en)
Inventor
A Lobbe
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gewerkschaft Eisenhutte Westfalia GmbH
Original Assignee
Gewerkschaft Eisenhutte Westfalia GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gewerkschaft Eisenhutte Westfalia GmbH filed Critical Gewerkschaft Eisenhutte Westfalia GmbH
Priority to US05/422,384 priority Critical patent/US3950956A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3818713A publication Critical patent/US3818713A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
    • E21D9/0692—Cutter drive shields
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D11/00—Lining tunnels, galleries or other underground cavities, e.g. large underground chambers; Linings therefor; Making such linings in situ, e.g. by assembling
    • E21D11/04—Lining with building materials
    • E21D11/10—Lining with building materials with concrete cast in situ; Shuttering also lost shutterings, e.g. made of blocks, of metal plates or other equipment adapted therefor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/04—Driving tunnels or galleries through loose materials; Apparatus therefor not otherwise provided for

Definitions

  • an advanceable temporary lining composed of tube sections arranged end-to-end and designed to support the newly-formed tunnel.
  • This advanceable lining extends into a rear shield composed of a rearwardly extending portion of the implements lined with plank members.
  • a tubular revetment has a flange which abuts the advanceable lining at the side remote from the knife shield and fluid concrete is inserted around the periphery of the revetment to form a permanent tunnel lining, separated from the advanceable lining by the flange.
  • the advanceable lining and the revetment are moved up from time to time as the driving progresses.
  • the present invention relates generally to a method of, and apparatus for, driving tunnels, galleries, trenches and the like excavations.
  • the apparatus has a frame bearing plank-shaped knives mounted adjacent to one another on the top of the frame.
  • Each knife is associated with a double-acting hydraulic piston and cylinderunit disposed between the frame and the knife in question, so that each knife can penetrate into the ground material in a forward direction.
  • the frame is secured in position by the frictional resistance between the other knives and the surrounding material.
  • the simultaneous application of pressure fluid to all the hydraulic units in a reverse sense causes the frame to be moved forward.
  • Apparatus which produces tunnels or galleries by utilizing metal tubes of limited thickness to form a temporary support lining for the tunnel.
  • the actual excavation or driving has to be effected by means of manually operated tools or knives, as a knife shield of the aforementioned type which requires an adequate support means cannot be used.
  • a general object of the present invention is to provide an improved method and apparatus for driving tunnels or the like.
  • a method of driving a tunnel or the like comprising the steps of driving a knife shield composed of elongate cutting implements into material to be removed supporting the wall of the tunnel produced by LII said implements with tube sections arranged end-toend forming an advanceable lining, inserting concrete into a space defined by a revetment located at the rear of said advanceable lining to fon'n a permanent tunnel lining, and advancing said revetment when the concrete has set.
  • the invention combines the advantages of using a knife shield and of using an advanceable lining to support the wall of the tunnel prior to the construction of the permanent concrete lining.
  • the concreting operation can thus be carried out at a sufficient distance from the excavation site to prevent the driving operation and the concreting operation from interfering with or impeding one another.
  • the cross section of the tunnel may take any desired form, e.g., circular or ogival, in which case, the knife shield is shaped in a corresponding manner to directly shape the tunnel.
  • a calotte-shaped or arcuate-shaped shield can be adopted which moves behind auxiliary units which preferably drive and concrete two side adits which can form the lateral walls of the finished tunnel. The shield then completes the driving of the entire cross section of the tunnel.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic side elevation of an apparatus made in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1, the view being taken along the line II--II of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic side elevation of another form of apparatus made in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of the apparatus shown in FIG. 3, the view being taken along the line IV-IV of FIG. 3.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 there is shown a tunnel driving apparatus which is formed at its foremost end with a knife shield generally designated 1.
  • This knife shield l is composed of a circular array of elongated implements 2 each provided with a cutting portion 3 at the outwardly facing end thereof.
  • Each implement 2 is movable in a longitudinal direction independently of the remaining implements 2.
  • the implements 2 are carried or supported by a frame 4 composed of a rear upright member 5 and front inclined member 6 and intermediate struts 7.
  • a drive frame 8 which is movable in relation to the frame 4 is disposed rearwardly of the latter.
  • a number, in this case four, hydraulic piston and cylinder units 9 are connected between the frames 4,8 to effect relative movement therebetween.
  • a pump for charging these units 9 can be mounted on the frame 4.
  • the frame 8 has 3 a ring provided with apertures 11 permitting the implements 2 to be secured to the frame 8 with the aid of locking pins 12.
  • the rearmost portions of the implements 2 form a rear shield generally designated 13.
  • This rear shield 13 is lined with plank members 14 and defines a space into which can be inserted tube sections 15 which are arranged end-to-end to form a lining 16 for the wall of the tunnel excavated by the apparatus. As the apparatus, more particularly the shield 1, advances fresh tube sections 15 would be installed.
  • the revetment 17 is relatively short in comparison to the distances between the revetment l7 and the shield 13 which may be, for example, 30 to 50 metres.
  • the revetment 17 has clamping devices therein and is provided with a flange 18 which abuts the first of the tube sections 15. Fluid concrete would be introduced into the space 19 around the revetment l7 and the revetment 17 would be advanced towards the apparatus when the concrete has set.
  • One or a group of members 2 are secured to the frame 8 with the aid of the pins 12 and the hydraulic units are operated in order to advance the frame 8 towards the frame 4 to thereby cause the member or members 2 to penetrate into the material at the working face.
  • the member or members 2 are detached from the frame 8 and the hydraulic units are operated to bring the frame 8 back to its former position.
  • One or more further members 2 are attached to the frame 8 which is again advanced as described above.
  • the fresh member or members are detached from the frame 8 and the latter is again brought back to the initial position to commence another operating cycle.
  • the sequence is repeated until all the members 2 have been driven into the face so as to cut a cylindrical section of material from the working face. This material is removed in known manner and the frame 4 is re-sited before a fresh operating cycle is commenced.
  • a fresh tube section 15 is installed so as to maintain the lining 16 within the rear shield 13 and the revetment 17 is similarly advanced. It is advantageous that the actual driving or excavating operation and the concreting operation is carried out remotely and independently from one another thereby preventing one operation from interfering with the other and enabling these operations to be carried out simultaneously or at least partly concurrently.
  • the apparatus shown in FIGS. 3 and 4 has like reference numerals denoting like parts to those of FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the drive frame is denoted 28 and the support frame is denoted 24.
  • the frames 24,28 has transverse elements 25,26 located at the horizontal centre of the frames 24,28.
  • the elements 25,26 support additional elongate implements 23 formed with cutting portions at the outermost ends. These implements 23 are moved in groups or in toto to facilitate the excavation of the material.
  • Apparatus for forming tunnels comprising:
  • a knife shield composed of a plurality of individually movable elongate implements each having a cutting portion
  • a displaceable revetment disposed adjacent said advanceable lining remote from the knife shield, said revetment defining a space for receiving fluid concrete to form a permanent tunnel lining.
  • Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein there is a rear shield fonned at least partly by the implements and disposed at the side of the drive frame remote from the cutting portions of the implements, the advanceable lining extending at least partially into said rear shield.
  • Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein the implements are arranged in a circular array.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
  • Bulkheads Adapted To Foundation Construction (AREA)
  • Sewage (AREA)
US00180961A 1970-09-24 1971-09-16 Driving of tunnels Expired - Lifetime US3818713A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US05/422,384 US3950956A (en) 1970-09-24 1973-12-06 Driving of tunnels

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR7034576A FR2116592A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-09-24 1970-09-24

Related Child Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US05/422,384 Division US3950956A (en) 1970-09-24 1973-12-06 Driving of tunnels

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3818713A true US3818713A (en) 1974-06-25

Family

ID=9061777

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00180961A Expired - Lifetime US3818713A (en) 1970-09-24 1971-09-16 Driving of tunnels

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US3818713A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS501296B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) AT316625B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE772540A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH542322A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2147083A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES395300A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2116592A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1362251A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NO (1) NO132289C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SE (1) SE366791B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
SU (1) SU496748A3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3889479A (en) * 1972-08-11 1975-06-17 Gewerk Eisenhuette Westfalia Means for displacing structures
US4022029A (en) * 1975-02-27 1977-05-10 Gewerkschaft Eisenhutte Westfalia Useful improvements in apparatus for, and in methods of, constructing a tunnel
US4095436A (en) * 1976-03-23 1978-06-20 Gewerkschaft Eisenhutte Westfalia Method of, and apparatus for, controlling the advance of a tunnel drive shield

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2550050C2 (de) * 1975-11-07 1983-12-29 Gewerkschaft Eisenhütte Westfalia, 4670 Lünen Einrichtung zum Auffahren von Tunnels o.dgl. mittels eines Verbauschildes unter Einbringen einer Ortbetonauskleidung
DE2605741C2 (de) * 1976-02-13 1985-08-22 Gewerkschaft Eisenhütte Westfalia, 4670 Lünen Verbauschild und Verfahren zum Auffahren eines Tunnels, Stollens, Grabens o.dgl. unter Verwendung eines Verbauschildes
DE2644899B2 (de) * 1976-10-05 1978-07-20 Hochtief Ag Fuer Hoch- Und Tiefbauten Vormals Gebr. Helfmann, 4300 Essen Tunnelvortriebsmaschine
DE2732339C2 (de) * 1977-07-16 1990-03-29 Gewerkschaft Eisenhütte Westfalia, 4670 Lünen Strebausbau, insbesondere Strebrandausbau
JPS60154064U (ja) * 1984-03-22 1985-10-14 有限会社　テ−エム化成工業所 額縁
CN116816356B (zh) * 2023-05-26 2025-07-25 侯超 一种隧道施工超前支护结构及其支护工艺

Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1275910A (en) * 1916-08-31 1918-08-13 James W Hamilton Method of and apparatus for constructing tunnels.
GB380685A (en) * 1932-01-13 1932-09-22 Guenther Werner Ehrenfeucht Method of and apparatus for the insulation of tunnels
US3306055A (en) * 1964-06-10 1967-02-28 John R Tabor Tunneling machine with power operated poling plates
DE1244222B (de) * 1962-05-11 1967-07-13 Richard Schulz Tiefbauunterneh Schildschwanzdichtung fuer einen Vortriebsschild
GB1100029A (en) * 1963-12-30 1968-01-24 Ni Sky I Osnovany I Podzemnikh A tunnelling shield
US3372553A (en) * 1964-05-12 1968-03-12 Nii Osnovany I Padzemnykh Soor Unit for driving tunnels in loose ground
US3379024A (en) * 1965-04-13 1968-04-23 Josef Wohlmeyer Machine for constructing lined ducts through rock
US3413811A (en) * 1965-02-17 1968-12-03 Pasquale Giovanni Giacobino Method and apparatus for tunneling
US3581507A (en) * 1969-07-07 1971-06-01 Milwaukee Boiler Mfg Co Tunneling shield
US3613384A (en) * 1969-02-10 1971-10-19 J Donovan Jacobs Method and apparatus for advancing tunnel supports

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1275910A (en) * 1916-08-31 1918-08-13 James W Hamilton Method of and apparatus for constructing tunnels.
GB380685A (en) * 1932-01-13 1932-09-22 Guenther Werner Ehrenfeucht Method of and apparatus for the insulation of tunnels
DE1244222B (de) * 1962-05-11 1967-07-13 Richard Schulz Tiefbauunterneh Schildschwanzdichtung fuer einen Vortriebsschild
GB1100029A (en) * 1963-12-30 1968-01-24 Ni Sky I Osnovany I Podzemnikh A tunnelling shield
US3372553A (en) * 1964-05-12 1968-03-12 Nii Osnovany I Padzemnykh Soor Unit for driving tunnels in loose ground
US3306055A (en) * 1964-06-10 1967-02-28 John R Tabor Tunneling machine with power operated poling plates
US3413811A (en) * 1965-02-17 1968-12-03 Pasquale Giovanni Giacobino Method and apparatus for tunneling
US3379024A (en) * 1965-04-13 1968-04-23 Josef Wohlmeyer Machine for constructing lined ducts through rock
US3613384A (en) * 1969-02-10 1971-10-19 J Donovan Jacobs Method and apparatus for advancing tunnel supports
US3581507A (en) * 1969-07-07 1971-06-01 Milwaukee Boiler Mfg Co Tunneling shield

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3889479A (en) * 1972-08-11 1975-06-17 Gewerk Eisenhuette Westfalia Means for displacing structures
US4022029A (en) * 1975-02-27 1977-05-10 Gewerkschaft Eisenhutte Westfalia Useful improvements in apparatus for, and in methods of, constructing a tunnel
US4095436A (en) * 1976-03-23 1978-06-20 Gewerkschaft Eisenhutte Westfalia Method of, and apparatus for, controlling the advance of a tunnel drive shield

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS501296B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-01-17
ES395300A1 (es) 1973-12-01
NO132289B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-07-07
CH542322A (de) 1973-09-30
FR2116592A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-07-21
GB1362251A (en) 1974-07-30
BE772540A (fr) 1972-01-17
SU496748A3 (ru) 1975-12-25
NO132289C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1975-10-15
SE366791B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-05-06
AT316625B (de) 1974-07-25
DE2147083A1 (de) 1972-03-30

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