US3817323A - Multistage condensers - Google Patents

Multistage condensers Download PDF

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Publication number
US3817323A
US3817323A US00338942A US33894273A US3817323A US 3817323 A US3817323 A US 3817323A US 00338942 A US00338942 A US 00338942A US 33894273 A US33894273 A US 33894273A US 3817323 A US3817323 A US 3817323A
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United States
Prior art keywords
cooling
steam
chambers
tube
vapor
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00338942A
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English (en)
Inventor
K Ebara
S Takahashi
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Hitachi Ltd
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Hitachi Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B1/00—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser
    • F28B1/02—Condensers in which the steam or vapour is separate from the cooling medium by walls, e.g. surface condenser using water or other liquid as the cooling medium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28B—STEAM OR VAPOUR CONDENSERS
    • F28B9/00—Auxiliary systems, arrangements, or devices
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S165/00—Heat exchange
    • Y10S165/184—Indirect-contact condenser
    • Y10S165/205—Space for condensable vapor surrounds space for coolant
    • Y10S165/216—Space for condensable vapor surrounds space for coolant having partition transverse to longitudinal axis of coolant tube

Definitions

  • the present invention generally relates to multistage condensers for use with steam turbines in thermal power plants, multiple'effect flash evaporators for use in saline water reclamation, and the like.
  • a shell is generally divided by partition walls into a plurality of chambers or stage equal in number to the exhaust chambers of the steam turbine in the direction of the flow of cooling water, exhaust steam is introduced into the chambers each of which is maintained at a different degree of vacuum, and steam or vapor is condensed by the cooling water flowing through the cooling tubes only in one direction.
  • the multistage condenser has the advantages in (1) that the overall efficiency of the plant may be increased and (2) that the quantity of cooling water as well as the surface area of-heat transfer may be reduced when the heat exchange quantity is same.
  • One of the problems of the multistage condensers and multiple-effect flash evaporators or the like is the leakage of steam through the small space or clearance between the cooling tubes and the through holes for re ceiving and supporting the cooling tubes formed through the partition wall which divides the shell into a plurality of chambers.
  • one or two of some dozen tube supports in the shell are extended to be used as a partition wall in order to divide the shell into two or three chambers.
  • the peripheral edges of the partition walls may be securely joined to the inner wall of the shell by welding so that no leakage or sealing problem arises,but the space or clearance between the cooling tubes and the tube holes of the partition walls presents serious problem in sealing between two chambers.
  • the pressure difference between the highand lowpressure chambers is of the order of 7-10 mm Hg in rated operation, and when the leakage of steam from the high-pressure steam chamber to the low-pressure steam chamber through the space or clearance between the cooling tube and the tube hole of the partition wall occurs the pressure in the lowpressure steam chamber would become equal to that in the high pressure steam chamber in the worst case so that the multistage condenser will stop its operation. It is therefore imperative to effect the complete seal between the highand low-pressure steam chambers so that they may bemaintained at a predetermined degree of vacuum. Furthermore since the number of cooling tubes in a large-capacity condenser is generally of the order of tens of thousands, sealing means must be simple in construction easy to fabricate and reliable and dependable in operation.
  • the present invention therefore has for its object to provide a sealing arrangement between the chambers in a shell of a multistage condenser or the like each of which must be maintained at a different degree of vacuum, and more particularly to provide means for preventing the steam or vapor leakage through the space or clearance between the cooling tubes and the tube holes of the partition walls which divide the shell into a plurality of chambers.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide means which is simple in construction and very reliable and dependable in operation for preventing the leakage of steam through the space or clearance between a cooling tube and a cooling tube hole of a partition wall in a shell of a multistage condenser or the like.
  • Another object of the present invention is to utilize liquid, particularly the condensate in order to effect the seal between the chambers each of which is maintained at a different degree of vacuum.
  • Another object of the present invention is to facilitate the replacement or servicing of cooling tubes.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a novel arrangement for effecting the seal between the cooling tubes and partition walls.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a multistage condenser, multiple-effect evaporator and the like whose optimum operation may be ensured all the time.
  • the condensate receovered is always made to flow into a small space or clearance between a cooling tube and a tube hole formed through a partition wall in a shell so as to fill the space or clearance so that the seal between the chambers at a different degree of vacuum may be effected by liquid.
  • the present invention is therefore characterized by the construction of tube holes formed through the partition wall for receiving and supporting therein the cooling tubes in a multistage condenser.
  • the inlet and outlet of the cooling tube are positioned higher than the reversal point thereof at which are water flow in the cooling tube is reversed in direction.
  • either of the inlet or outlet of the cooling tube may be positioned higher than the other according to the design requirements independently of the direction of cooling water flow and of the positions of the expansion joints of the shell.
  • the cooling tubes have been installed in inclined position in the prior art multistage condenser or the like, but according to the present invention the inclined cooling tubes are used in order effect the seal between two chambers, that is the seal of the small space or clearance between a cooling tube and a tube hole formed through a partition wall.
  • the construction or configuration of the tube holes also serves to ensure the seal.
  • FIG. 1 is a sectional view of a multistage pressure condenser to which is applied the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a fragmentary sectional view thereof on enlarged scale
  • FIG. 3 is a graph used for the explanation of the relation between the Reynolds number and resistance coefficient of the liquid flow flowing through the space between a thorough hole of a partition wall of the condenser and a cooling pipe.
  • a shell of a two-stage condenser is divided by a partition wall into two chambers, that is a high and low pressure chambers 12 and 11.
  • the lower end of the partition wall 15 is joined to one end of a bottom plate 27 whose the other end is securely joined to the shell 10.
  • the significant feature of the two-stage condenser is that the condensate collected in the lower portion 16 of the low pressure chamber 11 is made to flow through a pipe 17 or the like into a tray 18 located immediately below the tubes in the high pressure chamber 12 so that the condensate which drops through a large number of small holes in the bottom of the tray 18 may be made into contact with the steam in the high pressure chamber, heated and then stored in a reservoir at the bottom of the condenser.
  • the tubes 13 are extend through the partition wall 15 so that the liquid seal to be described in detail hereinafter must be provided.
  • the high pressure steam discharged from a turbine (not shown) is introduced through a high pressure line 22 into the high pressure chamber 12 (the steam may be directly introduced into the high pressure chamber 12 from the turbine) whereas the low pressure steam is introduced into the low pressure chamber 11 through a low pressure line.
  • Cooling water flows into the inlet header 30 through an inlet 29 and into the cooling tubes 13 so that the heat exchange between the cooling water and the steam occurs. Water is heated while steam is cooled and condensated so that a desired degree of vacuum in the condenser shell may be maintained. Heated water flows into the outlet header 32 from which it is discharged through an outlet 31. The condensate is collected into the reservoir 25 from which it is fed into a boiler (not shown) by a pump (not shown).
  • a small amount of the condensate flows along the tubes 13, but is stopped by the partition wall 15 so that the condensate serves to seal the small space between the tube 13 and the tube hole in the partition wall 15.
  • the high and low pressure chambers 12 and 11 may be effectively sealed from each other.
  • Cooling tubes 13 and 13A which are received and supported in tube holes 30 and 30a formed through the partition wall 15 are inclined by an angle 0 with respect to the horizontal.
  • the axes of the tube holes 30 and 30A are at right angles with respect to the partition wall, but they may be inclined also at an angle 6 with respect to the horizontal as the need arises.
  • the very small spaces 33 and 33A are defined between the tubes 13 and 13A and the tube holes 30 and 30A, and these spaces 33 and 33A may be provided by the dimensional tolerances with which the tubes 13 are fitted into the tube hole 30.
  • the condensate 35 and 35A flowing along the surfaces of the tubes 13 accumulates in the spaces 33 and 33A so as to provide the effective sealing. More particularly a part of the condensate flows into the small space 33 whereas the other flows upon the surface of the partition wall 15 on the side of the high pressure chamber 12. Since the condensate flowing down along the surface of the partition wall impinges upon the cooling tube 13A and enters the space 33A, sealing effect is further increased.
  • the angle of inclination 6 is of the order of downgrade of 40 mm per 10 meters.
  • annular grooves 39 and 39A with square rims or corners 40 and 40A may be formed within the tube holes 30 and 30A in order to increase the resistance coefficient.
  • the condensate itself may be advantageously used as very effective sealing means. Therefore when the present invention is applied to various apparatus such as multistage vacuum condensers, multistage flash evaporators and the like in which a large quantity of condensate is produced, the complete sealing between the chambers may be accomplished in a simple manner so that each chamber may be ensured to be maintained at a different pressure. Furthermore sealing means in accordance with the present invention is not only very simple in construction but also expedites the assembly, inspection and maintenance.
  • a multistage condenser of the type in which a shell is divided into a plurality of chambers with a different degree of vacuum by partition walls, a large number of cooling tubes which are communicated with a cooling liquid inlet and outlet are extended through said plurality of chambers and said partition walls, and steam or vapor to be condensed flows to contact with said large number of cooling tubes to effect the heat transfer between said steam or vapor and the cooling liquid flowing through said large number of cooling tubes so that said steam or vapor may be condensed,
  • said large number of cooling tubes are inclined from the high-pressure steam or vapor chambers toward the low-pressure steam or vapor chambers, and a small space is formed between each of said large number of cooling tubes and a tube hole which is formed through said partition wall for receiving and supporting said cooling tube therein, whereby the condensate flowing along the surface of said cooling tube may fills said small space thereby effecting the seal between said highand lowpressure steam or vapor chambers.
  • a small space is formed between each of said large number of cooling tubes and each of said tube holes, whereby the condensate flowing along the inclined cooling tube may fills said small space thereby effecting the seal between said highand low-pressure steam or vapor chambers.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
US00338942A 1972-03-10 1973-03-07 Multistage condensers Expired - Lifetime US3817323A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP47024019A JPS5223009B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-03-10 1972-03-10

Publications (1)

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US3817323A true US3817323A (en) 1974-06-18

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US00338942A Expired - Lifetime US3817323A (en) 1972-03-10 1973-03-07 Multistage condensers

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US (1) US3817323A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5223009B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1373754A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4016927A (en) * 1976-03-12 1977-04-12 Ingersoll-Rand Company Condenser contamination removal arrangement
FR2426878A1 (fr) * 1978-05-25 1979-12-21 Alsthom Atlantique Condenseur a plusieurs corps
FR2433706A1 (fr) * 1978-08-18 1980-03-14 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Rechauffeur d'eau d'alimentation
EP0128346A1 (de) * 1983-06-09 1984-12-19 BBC Aktiengesellschaft Brown, Boveri & Cie. Mehrdruckkondensator für Dampfturbinen mit Aufwärmungseinrichtungen zur Unterdrückung der Unterkühlung des Kondensators
FR2604778A1 (fr) * 1986-10-03 1988-04-08 Laguilharre Sa Echangeur de chaleur a surfaces d'echange minces et souples, semi-rigides ou rigides
US20050034455A1 (en) * 2001-11-13 2005-02-17 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Multistage pressure condenser
CN100424455C (zh) * 2005-11-11 2008-10-08 哈尔滨汽轮机厂有限责任公司 600mw汽轮发电机组单壳体凝汽器
US20100031656A1 (en) * 2007-12-10 2010-02-11 Akira Nemoto Condenser
US20100329896A1 (en) * 2009-06-24 2010-12-30 Yadorihara Shun Multistage pressure condenser
CN103765147A (zh) * 2011-11-28 2014-04-30 三菱重工业株式会社 多级压力冷凝器及具备该多级压力冷凝器的蒸气涡轮设备
CN104713383A (zh) * 2015-02-10 2015-06-17 河北省电力勘测设计研究院 一种单壳体双压凝汽器
US20160290171A1 (en) * 2013-03-22 2016-10-06 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Steam turbine plant

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5415820U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1977-06-30 1979-02-01
JPS5465117U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1978-10-02 1979-05-09
RU2187056C1 (ru) * 2001-06-15 2002-08-10 Государственное образовательное учреждение Воронежская государственная технологическая академия Способ вымораживания пара из газопаровой смеси

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3204692A (en) * 1961-11-30 1965-09-07 Gilbert Associates Condenser steam space divider

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3204692A (en) * 1961-11-30 1965-09-07 Gilbert Associates Condenser steam space divider

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4016927A (en) * 1976-03-12 1977-04-12 Ingersoll-Rand Company Condenser contamination removal arrangement
FR2426878A1 (fr) * 1978-05-25 1979-12-21 Alsthom Atlantique Condenseur a plusieurs corps
FR2433706A1 (fr) * 1978-08-18 1980-03-14 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Rechauffeur d'eau d'alimentation
EP0128346A1 (de) * 1983-06-09 1984-12-19 BBC Aktiengesellschaft Brown, Boveri & Cie. Mehrdruckkondensator für Dampfturbinen mit Aufwärmungseinrichtungen zur Unterdrückung der Unterkühlung des Kondensators
US4598767A (en) * 1983-06-09 1986-07-08 Abdel Saleh Multiple pressure condenser for steam turbines, with heating devices for suppressing condensate overcooling
AU569890B2 (en) * 1983-06-09 1988-02-25 Alstom Multiple pressure condenser
FR2604778A1 (fr) * 1986-10-03 1988-04-08 Laguilharre Sa Echangeur de chaleur a surfaces d'echange minces et souples, semi-rigides ou rigides
US20050034455A1 (en) * 2001-11-13 2005-02-17 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Multistage pressure condenser
EP1310756A3 (en) * 2001-11-13 2005-03-30 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Multistage pressure condenser
US7111832B2 (en) 2001-11-13 2006-09-26 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Multistage pressure condenser
CN100424455C (zh) * 2005-11-11 2008-10-08 哈尔滨汽轮机厂有限责任公司 600mw汽轮发电机组单壳体凝汽器
US20100031656A1 (en) * 2007-12-10 2010-02-11 Akira Nemoto Condenser
US8833744B2 (en) 2007-12-10 2014-09-16 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Condenser
US20100329896A1 (en) * 2009-06-24 2010-12-30 Yadorihara Shun Multistage pressure condenser
US8505886B2 (en) * 2009-06-24 2013-08-13 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Multistage pressure condenser
CN103765147A (zh) * 2011-11-28 2014-04-30 三菱重工业株式会社 多级压力冷凝器及具备该多级压力冷凝器的蒸气涡轮设备
US9488416B2 (en) 2011-11-28 2016-11-08 Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, Ltd. Multistage pressure condenser and steam turbine plant having the same
US20160290171A1 (en) * 2013-03-22 2016-10-06 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Steam turbine plant
US9726048B2 (en) * 2013-03-22 2017-08-08 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Steam turbine plant
CN104713383A (zh) * 2015-02-10 2015-06-17 河北省电力勘测设计研究院 一种单壳体双压凝汽器
CN104713383B (zh) * 2015-02-10 2017-02-01 河北省电力勘测设计研究院 一种单壳体双压凝汽器

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS5223009B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1977-06-21
GB1373754A (en) 1974-11-13
JPS4892704A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-12-01

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