US3812314A - High power electrical bushing having a vacuum switch encapsulated therein - Google Patents

High power electrical bushing having a vacuum switch encapsulated therein Download PDF

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Publication number
US3812314A
US3812314A US00173871A US17387171A US3812314A US 3812314 A US3812314 A US 3812314A US 00173871 A US00173871 A US 00173871A US 17387171 A US17387171 A US 17387171A US 3812314 A US3812314 A US 3812314A
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United States
Prior art keywords
switch
bushing
housing
vacuum
wall member
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00173871A
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English (en)
Inventor
G Nonken
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General Electric Co
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General Electric Co
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Publication date
Application filed by General Electric Co filed Critical General Electric Co
Priority to US00173871A priority Critical patent/US3812314A/en
Priority to GB3486572A priority patent/GB1370505A/en
Priority to DE2240106A priority patent/DE2240106A1/de
Priority to JP47082890A priority patent/JPS4831465A/ja
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3812314A publication Critical patent/US3812314A/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B17/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by their form
    • H01B17/005—Insulators structurally associated with built-in electrical equipment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/662—Housings or protective screens
    • H01H33/66207—Specific housing details, e.g. sealing, soldering or brazing
    • H01H2033/6623—Details relating to the encasing or the outside layers of the vacuum switch housings

Definitions

  • the combination bushing and vacuum switch are characterized by having an end-to-end withstand voltage rating that is at least twice as great as the withstand voltage rating of the switch in an unencapsulated state.
  • the bushing-switch combination is further characterized by affording an ideal handling and support mechanism for the vacuum switch container, so that largecontact-closing pressures can be employed to actuate the switch, without danger of damage to the switch or its encapsulation.
  • a primary object of the present invention is to overcome the disadvantages outlined above thereby to provide a practical vacuum switching device in combination with a rugged plastic bushing for underground electric power distribution systems.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a plastic bushing combined in an integral assembly with an encapsulated vacuum switch thereby to reduce the overall cost of the combined bushing and switching functions, while simultaneously obtaining the objective of reduced size and minimized space requirements for a vacuum switching function in an underground power distribution system.
  • Yet another object of the invention is to provide a vacuum switch encapsulated in a plastic bushing in a manner such that the end-to-end withstand voltage rating of the bushing is at least twice as great as the endto-end voltage rating of the unencapsulated vacuum switch.
  • a still further object of the invention is to provide a ruggedly constructed, low cost vacuum switch and bushing device that affords an ideal handling and mounting support for the vacuum switch so that the switch contacts can be closed under high pressure without damaging either the switch or the bushing.
  • the invention is related tothe field of underground power distribution switching and bushing devices, and more particularly comprises a plastic bushing that is adapted to be mounted in an underground power'transformer or similar device, and which encapsulates a low cost vacuum switch
  • a uniquely low-cost vacuum switch is encapsulated in the molded dielectric of a bushing, which also has a bushing-mounting flange encapsulated in its outer surface.
  • the bushing-mounting flange enables the bushing to be rigidly mounted in operating position on the wall of an underground transformer tank in hermetically sealed relationship with the tank.
  • the end-toend withstand voltage of the vacuum switch is at least doubled by the encapsulating dielectric of the bushing.
  • a plurality of vacuum switches are encapsulated in a molded bushing, thereby to afford a combination of switching functions and circuit connections.
  • FIG. 1 is a side elevation view, partly in cross section, of a bushing and a vacuum switch encapsulated therein, pursuant to the teaching of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a side elevation view showing, in reduced scale, a combinationbushing and vacuum switch similar to that illustrated in FIG. 1, and also showing a side elevation view of an unencapsulated vacuum switch similar to that embodied in the device depicted in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic illustration of a side elevation view of a multi-terminal bushing having a plurality of vacuum switches encapsulated therein pursuant to the teaching of an alternative embodiment of my invention.
  • the bushing 1 comprises an elongated, molded housing 1a of electrically insulated epoxy resin. the particular resin used to form the bushing 1 will be described in greater detail below with reference to particular embodiments of the invention.
  • the housing 1a is formed to have a frusto-conical surface 1b at one of its ends.
  • the surface lb is adapted to receive an electric cable termination connector housing (not shown) in watertight relationship therewith.
  • a sturdy mounting means comprising an annular steel flange 2 is secured to the housing In at a point intermediate th respective ends thereof.
  • the inner circumferential surface 2:; of the flange 2 is molded in water-tight relationship with the housing la, while the outer peripheral edge 2b of flange 2 is adapted to be welded to a steel supporting frame, such as the portion of a frame 3 3 which is depicted in FIG. 1.
  • the vacuum switch 4 which is mounted within the housing 1a during a suitable molding operation, contains several characteristic features that make it particularly suitable for use with the disclosed plastic bushing l.
  • switch 4 comprises a generally cylindrically shaped hollow ceramic wall member 5 that is substantially stronger than the glass or thin metal wall members conventionally used to form the vacuum bottles of vacuum switches.
  • First and second metal end caps, 6 and 7 respectively, are sealed to opposite ends of the wall member 5, thereby to define a vacuum chamber 4a.
  • the end caps 6 and 7 are formed of electrically conductive copper, but other materials may be used in different embodiments of the invention.
  • the ceramic of wall member 5 is a high alumina ceramic, i.e., its alumina content is in the range of 9099+ percent. In the pre ferred embodiment disclosed herein, the alumina content is in the range of 94-96 percent because this particular composition helps assure a high quality seal for the vacuum chamber. It will be understood that a conventional ceramic-'to-metal sealing process is used to form an air-tight seal between the wall member 5 and end caps 6 and 7.
  • a first contact 8 is mounted inelectrically conducting, fixed relationship on the first end cap 6 and a second contact 9 is mounted on an electrically conductive, mechanically operable rod member 10 for relative movement with respect to the second end cap 7.
  • a flexible bellows 12 is mounted in sealing relationship between the second end cap 7 and the rod member 10. It will be appreciated that the bellows 12 is suitably flexible to afford relative movement between the rod member 10 and the second cap member 7, which is sufficient to allow the movable contact 9 to be opened and closed with respect to fixed contact 8.
  • Such bellows are well known in the vacuum switch art and any conventional material may be used'to form the bellows 12.
  • the rod member 10 is mounted to extend a predetermined distance beyond both sides of the bellows l2 so that the contact 9 can be moved in a predetermined range with respect to the fixed contact 8, and so that a suitable operating-linkage can be coupled to the lower end 10a of rod member 10 to effect such movement.
  • a suitable electrical conduc tor 8a which in this embodiment of the invention comprises a threaded copper rod, is mounted in the bushing when it is molded.
  • the conductor 8a is connected between the first end cap 6 and the small diameter end of the frusto-conical surface lb.
  • a characteristic feature of the present invention is to increase the end-to-end flashover voltage rating of the vacuum switch 4, appreciably beyond its flashover rating in an unencapsulated state. This objective is accomplished by spacing the unexposed electrical conductors 8a and 10 at opposite ends of the bushing l at least twice as far apart, as measured along the outer surface of bushing l, as these conductors would be separated in air-creep distance by the end caps 6 and 7 and wall member 5 of the vacuum switch 4.
  • the end-to-end flashover withstand rating of the combination bushing and vacuum switch of the invention is at least twice as great as the withstand rating of the vacuum switch 4, per se. This means that a smaller, and therefore less expensive to manufacture, vacuum switch may be employed in this combination, thereby to attain part of a major objective of low cost manufacture.
  • the wall member 5 may be coated with either a cured or uncured layer of bonding material similar to that referred to above with reference to the surface 2a of steel flange 2, prior to molding the epoxy resin housing la around the vacuum switch 4.
  • a further description of a suitable resilient material for such a layer 13 can be obtained from a reading of US. Pat. No. 3,388,211 Nichols and Nonken, which issued June 1 l, 1968 and is assigned to the assignee of the present invention.
  • the term soft epoxy is intended to mean an epoxy having a modulus of elasticity at 25C that is in the range of 7,000 to 80,000 PSI.
  • An example of such an epoxy resin is the Gepol family of resins that is manufactured by General Electric Company at its Insulator Products Department in Baltimore, Md.
  • the term hard epoxy resin is intended to define resins having a modulus of elasticity at 25C that is in the range of 2.7 X PSI, i an order of 10.
  • the materials referred to as hard epoxies are made by reacting a commercially available epoxy resin such as those sold by Shell Chemical Company under the trade name Epon Resins, or those sold by the Geigy-Ciba Corp. as Araldite Resins, with a multi-functional hardener such as a polyamine or a dibasic acid anhydride.
  • a commercially available epoxy resin such as those sold by Shell Chemical Company under the trade name Epon Resins, or those sold by the Geigy-Ciba Corp. as Araldite Resins
  • a multi-functional hardener such as a polyamine or a dibasic acid anhydride.
  • a typical example would be the reaction product of a technical grade of the diglycidyl ether of 2,2 diphenylol propane (Epon 826) with metaphenylene diamine or with hexahydrophthalic anhydride. After cure, such materials will typically have a modulus of elasticity of 5 X 10 to l
  • inorganic fillers such as silica flour
  • silica flour which serve such useful purposes as reducing cost, reducing thermal coefficient of expansion, increasing thermal conductivity, etc.
  • the incorporation of such inorganic fillers will further increase the modulus of elasticity into a range as high as 5 X 10 PSI.
  • the materials described herein as soft" epoxies are those made by reacting the same types of epoxy resins with hardening systems which promote flexibility.
  • hardening systems are (1) acid terminated polyesters described in US. Pat. No. 2,712,535- Fisch, which issued July 5, 1955 and is assigned to Ciba, Ltd., of Switzerland; (2) combinations of dibasic anhydrides such as hexahydrophthallic anhydride with polyethylene or polypropylene glyco s.
  • the coating of flexible material 13 can be any of a variety of elastic materials, such as the material noted above with reference to the Nichols and Nonken patent.
  • the material be flexible and that it ad here to both the switch 4 and the encapsulating epoxy of housing 1a.
  • the layer 13 must be free of voids material 13 is approximately 0.005 inch.
  • the disadvantage of such a thick coating is that it is prohibitively expensive to manufacture; thus, it is not ideally suited for the present invention.
  • a further important feature of the combination bushing and switch of the preferred embodiment of the invention is that the epoxy resin of housing la should be at least 0.13 inch thick over its entire surface area, which encapsulates the ceramic wall member 5, so that a high stand-off voltage between the conductor 80 and rod member 10 will not puncture the resin and cause a short circuit of the switch 4.
  • the bushing 1 be rugged in construction so that it can withstand the strong mechanical forces exerted against it when a cable connector is clamped onto the upper end of the bushing, or when a contact closing force is exerted on rod member 10.
  • the foregoing minimum thickness of the walls of housing 1a around the vacuum switch 4 has been found to be necessary.
  • the first contact 8 is formed of copper while the second contact 9 is formed of an anti-welding alloy of copper and one to five percent bismuth. This results in an appreciable cost reduction that further adapts the invention for use on electric power distribution systems. It will be understood that other anti-welding alloys may be used in alternative embodiments of the invention.
  • a novel shielding arrangement may be used within the vacuum switch 4 in order to provide adequate shielding, at'a desirably economical price.
  • a single generin order to avoid corona problems.
  • suitable materials which have proven to be successful in this application are polyurethane (BM-221 Comp.),'
  • ally cylindrically shaped hollow shield 14 that is mounted on the first end cap member 6 to extend beyond the inner end of the first contact 8 to a point where it terminates in a plane that is positioned between the contacts when the movable contact is in its maximum, spaced-apart relationship with respect to the fixed contact 8, affords adequate shielding for the intended application of the invention.
  • Prior to the present invention it was normal practice to use considerably more expensive shielding arrangements. For example, in high voltage vacuum switches, such as those used in circuit breaker applications, it was, and still is, common practice to use a relatively long shield member mounted around both contacts, at opposite ends of the vacuum chamber. Also, it is relatively common practice to use an isolated shield that is suspended from the insulated sidewall of the vacuum chamber where it surrounds the entire gap area formed by the open contacts. Of course, such structures are relatively expensive and thus are unsuited to application in the pres ent invention.
  • FIG. 2 of the drawing in order to more clearly visualize the relative overall size of the bushing 1 and the vacuum switch 4 which is normally encapsulated therein, pursuant to the invention.
  • the end-to-end length of the bushing 1 is at least twice as great as the end-to-end length of the ceramic wall member of the switch 4, across which a high voltage flashover could occur when the switch 4 is in its unencapsulated state.
  • FIG. 3 of the drawing, it will be seen that there is shown one such extension of the teachings of the invention.
  • like reference numerals (with prime symbols) are used to designate component parts equivalent in function to those described above, with reference to the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 1.
  • the embodiment of the invention depicted in FIG. 3 comprises a multi-terminal high power electrical bushing 1 that has a pair of vacuum switches 4' and 4 encapsulated within it.
  • a gas operated switch which may be similar in structure and function to the quick-make, quick-break switch disclosed in US. Pat. No. 3,542,986-Kotski, which issued Nov. 24, 1970 and is assigned to the assignee of the present invention, may be used in the bushing.
  • the molded epoxy resin housing In is formed of a material similar to one of those described above, and is formed to have apair of frustoconical surfaces lb and lb" extending from an outer surface thereof at spaced-apart points, so that these frusto-conical surfaces are adapted to receive electrical cable termination housings in watertight sealing relationships, in the manner discussed above with reference ,to the embodiment discussed with reference to FIG. 1.
  • a steel flange 2' is partially molded into the housing la and extends around the perimeter thereof, so that its outer edge 2b can be welded to a steel tank 16 in order to position one end of the molded housing 1a within the tank, thereby to form a gas-tight seal around the housing.
  • an electrical insulating gas such as as Freon, is disposed in the tank 16 around the enclosed end of housing la to insulate the mechanical operating mechanisms 17 and 17a which are coupled, respectively, to the contact-operating rods 10 and 10".
  • each of the switches 4 and 4" comprise a generally cylindrically shaped, hollow wall member 5' and 5" and first and second metal end caps 6-7 and 6"-7", which are sealed respectively to opposite ends of the wall members 5' and 5", thereby to define vacuum chambers within these wall members in the manner discussed above with reference to FIG. 1. Also,
  • each switch contains a first contact 8 and 8'' respec tively that is mounted in fixed relationship on the end caps 6' and 6", and a pair of second contacts 9 and 9" respectively mounted on electrically conductive, mechanically operable rod members 10 and 10 for relative movement with respect to the second end caps 7' and 7".
  • a pair of flexible bellows l2 and 12" u are mounted in sealing relationship between the respective second end caps 7 and 7" and the rod members 10' and 10" thereby to seal the apertures 11 and 11" defined through the second end caps 7 and 7".
  • a pair of electrical conductors 8 a and 8a" are mounted respectively in the frusto-conical portions lb and 1b" respectively of molded housing la to form electrical circuits from the resepctive first end caps 6' 6" to the small diameter ends of said surfaces.
  • any suitable mechanically operable mechanism may be mounted in the tank 16 and connected to the rod members l0-l0" for moving them to open and close the respective pairs of contacts 89 and 8"9".
  • the significant aspect of this embodiment of the invention is the provision of a plurality of vacuum switches within a single molded epoxy resin bushing, in order to demonstrate the flexibility of the present invention for use in various underground power distribution system applications. It is important to note that in this embodiment of the invention, the end-to-end withstand voltage rating of each of the encapsulated vacuum switches 4' and 4" is at least 200 percent as great as the withstand. voltage rating of such switches would be in their unencapsulated state, due to the end-to-end insulation of conductors 8a 8a and l010", which is afforded by the insulating housing la and the insulating gas in sealed tank 16.
  • a high power electrical bushing having a vacuum switch encapsulated therein comprising; an elongated molded housing of electrically insulating epoxy resin, said housing beingformed to have a frusto-conical surface at one end thereof for receiving an electric cable termination housing in water-tight relationship therewith, mounting means secured to said housing at a point intermediate the ends thereof for mounting saidhousing in rigid relationship in an aperture, said mounting means comprising an annular steel flange, the inner circumferential surface of which is molded in watertight relationship within said epoxy housing and the outer peripheral edge of which is adapted to be welded to a steel supporting flange, a vacuum switch mounted within said housing, said switch comprising a generally cylindrically-shaped, hollow, ceramic wall member, first and second metal end caps sealed respectively to opposite ends of said wall member thereby to define a vacuum chamber within the wall member, a first contact mounted in electrically conducting, fixed relationship on said first end cap, a second contact mounted on an electrically conductive, mechanically operable rod member for relative movement with respect to
  • An invention as defined in claim 1 including a generally cylindrically shaped hollow shield mounted on said first end cap and extending beyond the inner end of said first contact, th inner end of said shield being terminated in a plane that is positioned between said contacts when the movable contact is in its maximum spaced-apart relationship with respect to the first contact.
  • said epoxy resin is a hard epoxy, and including a layer of resilient sealing material mounted between said bushing and the wall member of said switch thereby to form a void-free junction between the bushing and said wall member.
  • a multi-terminal high power electrical bushing having a pair of vacuum switches encapsulated therein
  • each of said vacuum switches comprising; a generally cylindrically shaped, hollow ceramic wall member, first and second metal end caps sealed respectively to opposite ends of said wall member thereby to define a vacuum chamber within the wall member, a first contact mounted in electrically conducting, fixed relationship on said first end cap, a second contact mounted on an electrically conductive, mechanically operably
  • each of said vacuum switches has an end-to-end withstand voltage rating in its encapsulated state that exceeds its end-to-end withstand voltage rating in its unencapsulated state by a factor of at least 200 percent.

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  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
  • Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
US00173871A 1971-08-23 1971-08-23 High power electrical bushing having a vacuum switch encapsulated therein Expired - Lifetime US3812314A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00173871A US3812314A (en) 1971-08-23 1971-08-23 High power electrical bushing having a vacuum switch encapsulated therein
GB3486572A GB1370505A (en) 1971-08-23 1972-07-26 High power electrical bushing having a vacuum switch encapsulated therein
DE2240106A DE2240106A1 (de) 1971-08-23 1972-08-16 Hochleistungsdurchfuehrung mit eingekapseltem vakuumschalter
JP47082890A JPS4831465A (enExample) 1971-08-23 1972-08-21

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US00173871A US3812314A (en) 1971-08-23 1971-08-23 High power electrical bushing having a vacuum switch encapsulated therein

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JP (1) JPS4831465A (enExample)
DE (1) DE2240106A1 (enExample)
GB (1) GB1370505A (enExample)

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US3955167A (en) * 1975-01-08 1976-05-04 Mcgraw-Edison Company Encapsulated vacuum fuse assembly
EP0030852A1 (en) * 1979-12-15 1981-06-24 Kabushiki Kaisha Meidensha Vacuum power interrupting device
EP0033636A1 (en) * 1980-02-04 1981-08-12 Kabushiki Kaisha Meidensha Vacuum power interrupting device
US4393286A (en) * 1978-08-24 1983-07-12 Tokyo Shibaura Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Vacuum circuit breakers
US4408107A (en) * 1981-06-24 1983-10-04 Kabushiki Kaisha Meidensha Vacuum interrupter
US4410777A (en) * 1980-05-23 1983-10-18 Kabushiki Kaisha Meidensha Vacuum circuit interrupter
US4414448A (en) * 1980-07-07 1983-11-08 Kabushiki Kaisha Meidensha Vacuum circuit interrupter
US4417110A (en) * 1980-07-21 1983-11-22 Kabushiki Kaisha Meidensha Vacuum interrupter
US4421961A (en) * 1980-02-14 1983-12-20 Kabushiki Kaisha Meidensha Vacuum circuit breaker
US4450327A (en) * 1980-07-21 1984-05-22 Kabushiki Kaisha Meidensha Vacuum interrupter
US4481390A (en) * 1980-07-01 1984-11-06 Kabushiki Kaisha Meidensha Vacuum circuit interrupter
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US20080230327A1 (en) * 2004-03-09 2008-09-25 Julian Cabanas Falcon Elevator Toe Guard
WO2005078461A3 (de) * 2004-02-13 2008-12-18 Hsp Hochspannungsgeraete Porz Durchführung mit leistungshalbleiterbauelement
CN101958514A (zh) * 2009-07-20 2011-01-26 Abb技术股份公司 开关设备用的埋藏式极柱部分
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CN101027740B (zh) * 2004-09-24 2012-03-21 西门子公司 固体绝缘的开关极中的自粘附式弹性体层
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US8674254B2 (en) 2011-01-31 2014-03-18 Thomas & Betts International, Inc. Flexible seal for high voltage switch
US20170207039A1 (en) * 2014-06-04 2017-07-20 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for the production a solid-insulated circuit-breaker pole, and solid-insulated circuit breaker pole
CN109791858A (zh) * 2016-09-20 2019-05-21 轨道动力系统有限责任公司 高压开关装置和带有高压开关装置的开关设备以及高压开关装置的制造方法
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DD241810A1 (de) * 1985-10-16 1986-12-24 Buchwitz Otto Starkstrom Schalterpol fuer leistungsschalter
DE3718108A1 (de) * 1987-05-27 1988-12-08 Slamecka Ernst Vakuumschalter
FR2698481B1 (fr) * 1992-11-26 1995-02-17 Soule Sa Système de coupure de ligne électrique comportant un interrupteur sous atmosphère contrôlée.
DE19712182A1 (de) * 1997-03-22 1998-09-24 Abb Patent Gmbh Vakuumkammer
DE19921477A1 (de) * 1999-05-08 2000-11-09 Abb T & D Tech Ltd Freiluftschalterpolteil mit einer Vakuumkammer
DE102013215760A1 (de) * 2013-08-09 2015-02-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Isolationselement und Schaltanlage
DE102015212826A1 (de) * 2015-07-09 2017-01-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Gekapselte elektrische Durchführung
DE102016218355A1 (de) * 2016-09-23 2018-03-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Unterbrechbare Kabelmuffenanordnung

Cited By (72)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS4831465A (enExample) 1973-04-25
GB1370505A (en) 1974-10-16
DE2240106A1 (de) 1973-03-01

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