US3810695A - Fluid analyzer with variable light path - Google Patents

Fluid analyzer with variable light path Download PDF

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Publication number
US3810695A
US3810695A US00315093A US31509372A US3810695A US 3810695 A US3810695 A US 3810695A US 00315093 A US00315093 A US 00315093A US 31509372 A US31509372 A US 31509372A US 3810695 A US3810695 A US 3810695A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
windows
flow tube
light
fluid analyzer
window
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00315093A
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English (en)
Inventor
J Shea
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GAM RAD
GAM RAD INC US
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GAM RAD
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Priority to US00315093A priority Critical patent/US3810695A/en
Priority to GB5525573A priority patent/GB1453602A/en
Priority to CA187,179A priority patent/CA999756A/en
Priority to JP48137845A priority patent/JPS4991289A/ja
Priority to DE2361752A priority patent/DE2361752A1/de
Priority to FR7344851A priority patent/FR2214372A5/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3810695A publication Critical patent/US3810695A/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
    • G01N21/47—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection
    • G01N21/49—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid
    • G01N21/53—Scattering, i.e. diffuse reflection within a body or fluid within a flowing fluid, e.g. smoke
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/01—Arrangements or apparatus for facilitating the optical investigation
    • G01N21/03—Cuvette constructions
    • G01N21/05—Flow-through cuvettes

Definitions

  • the materials providing the turbid condition or contamination may be so different as to require a substantially different range of operation from one application to the next, e.g., the difference between an aqueous solution with fly ash particles and a caustic mud slurry.
  • the device is-provided with means for selectively adjustingtlie length of the light path whereby different ranges of turbidity can be detected such that applications having substantial differences in turbidity characteristics can. be accommodated by a single device.
  • a turbidimeter or fluid analyzer of the above described type having apparatus selectively adjustable for varying the length of the light path.
  • FIG I is a longitudinal sectional view taken generally along the lines 1-1 of FIG. 2ofa turbidimeter having apparatus for providing selective adjustment of the light path;
  • FIG. 2 is a sectional view of a portion of the turbidimeter of FIG. I and taken generally along the lines 22 of FIG. I;
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged, sectional view of the sensor assembly of the turbidimeter of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is an end view ofthe apparatus of FIG. 3' taken in the direction of the arrow 4;
  • FIG. 5 is a sectional view similar to FIG. 2 of another form of the invention.
  • a turbidimeter or fluid analyzer is generally shown and is indicated by the numeral and includes a flow tube assembly 12 and a'support housing 14.
  • the tube assembly 12 includes a flow tube 16 which has flanges 18 at its opposite ends for connection in a flow line of an appropriate source of fluid to be analyzed or monitored.
  • the flow tube 16 has a necked down portion 24 intermediate its ends, which necked down portion is provided with a plurality of flats including flats 26 and 28 which facilitate the mounting of a light source assembly 30 and an adjustable sensor assembly 32.
  • the light source assembly 30 includes a lamp 33 which can be energized by a suitable source of electricity and the output of which can be sensed and regulated via a regulator 34; regulator 34 can be of a type well known in the-art and hence the details thereof have been omitted for purposes of simplicity.
  • the lamp 33 is connected to transmit its light through a lense assembly 36 and thence into the necked down portion 24 of the flow tube 16 via a window assembly 38.
  • the window assembly 38 is connected to the flat portion 28 and includes a pair of spaced windows 39 and 40 with window 40 having its inner surface generally flush with the flat portion 28.
  • the flat portion 28 is directly opposite flat portion 26 and hence the sensor assembly 32, as shown, will indicate turbidity as a function of absorption of the light from source 30 by the particles carried by the fluid.
  • the sensor assembly 32 includes a lense assembly 42 and a window assembly 44.
  • the lense assembly 42 includes a lense 43 mounted in a stepped intermediate bore 45 in an annular housing 47.
  • the window assembly 44 includesan elongated smaller diameter, tubular housing 49 which fits snugly within and is fixed in a counterbore 51 in housing 47.
  • housing 49 has a counterbore 53 in which are located a pair of spaced windows 55 and 57 separated by a space 59; an O-ring $83161 provides a seal between windows 55 and 57 and the counterbore 53; the end 83 of counterbore 53 is turned over to define a lip 63 to retain the windows 55, 57, spacer 59 and O-ring seal 61 within counterbore 53.
  • the flat 26 has an annular boss 65 extending axially outwardly which boss 65 defines a through bore 67 which is of a size to snugly, slidably receive the outer end of the tubular housing 49.
  • the bore 67 terminates in a pair of stepped counterbores 69 and 71 and an O- ring seal 73 is adapted to be located within counterbore 6910 provide a seal between the boss 65 and housing 49.
  • An annular locking collet 75 is snugly, slidably located on tube 49 and includes a shoulder 77 and inclined portion 79.
  • a lock nut 81 is slidably mounted on housing 49 and has a frusto conically shaped cavity 83 which is adapted to matably receive the inclined portion 79 whereby the housing 49 can be locked to nut 81 at selected positions for a purpose to be seen.
  • the sensor assembly 32 is assembled to the flow tube 16, as shown in FIGS. 1-3, with the housing 49 slidably supported in the boss 65.
  • the counterbore 71 is internally threaded and threadably receives an externally threaded portion 85 on lock nut 81.
  • the O-ring 73 is located in' counterbore 79 and is engageable with the shoulder 77 on locking collet 75; the sensor assembly 32 can be selectively, positionally located within the necked down portion 24 of flow tube 16 and can be locked in that position via the action of the lock nut 81'and collet 75; the nut has a plurality of flats to facilitate gripping with a wrench.
  • the sensor assembly 32 includes a suitable photo-responsive member (in an assembly generally indicated by the numeral 87) and can be connected to suitable output indicating apparatus (not shown) whereby an indication of the turbidity of the fluid being analyzed can be obtained.
  • the output indicating apparatus can be of construction well known in the art and hence a description thereof has been omitted for purposes of simplicity.
  • the turbidimeter '10 having the light source and photo-sensitive member opposite each other operates on the absorption, effect.
  • the distance between the light transmission window, i.e., such as window 40, and the opposite (for absorption operation) light receiving window is fixed and hence the turbidimeter will be operable over a determinable range of turbidity; if, however, an application experienced a substantially higher or lower level of turbidity a meaningful range'of indications of turbidity could not be obtained since the quantity of light transmitted would be insufficient or excessive for the associated detector and its associated circuitry, etc.
  • a turbidimeter constructed to monitor or detect turbidity in an application involving fly ash in an aqueous solution would not, without modification, be used in an application involving a caustic mud slurry.
  • the length of the light path i.e., distance X between light transmission window 40 and light receiving window 55
  • the sensor assembly 32 can be selectively moved to a determinable position shortening the light path distanceX and for solutions with lower concentrations it can be moved to a determinable position lengthening the distance X. Note that the distance between the photo-responsive member (in assembly 87) and window 55 will remain the same despite positional adjustments of the assembly 32 to vary the distance X.
  • FIG. 5 a modified form of the invention is shown for use with a turbidime. ter operating on Tyndall Effect.
  • elements similar to like elements in the embodiment of FIGS. 1-4 have been given the same numeral designation with the addition of the letter postscript 0.
  • the turbidimeter a the sensor assembly 32a is mounted to a boss 65a which is located in quadrature with a light source 300; hence, turbidimeter 10a will be operable to provide indications of turbidity in response to Tyndall Effect.
  • the light source 30a is also selectively movably mounted and hence is constructed similarly to the sensor assembly 320 and includes a tubular housing 92, similar to housings 49 and 490; the light source 30a also includes suitablesealing means (such as O-ring 73, 73a) and locking means (such as 8!, 81a and 75, 75a); the sealing and locking means are not shown for purposes of simplicity.
  • suitablesealing means such as O-ring 73, 73a
  • locking means such as 8!, 81a and 75, 75a
  • the sealing and locking means are not shown for purposes of simplicity.
  • the light source 30a can be positionally selectively adjusted along withthc sensor assembly 32a to vary the effective light path.
  • the range of operation can be selectively varied by changing the combined distances Xa, Xb, which is a characterictis or indication of the effective light path.
  • a second selectively movable sensor assembly 32b identical to sensor assembly 32a, is mounted directly opposite to sensor assembly 32a and a second selectively movable light source 30b, identical to light source 30a, is mounted directly opposite to light source 30a.
  • the maximum Tyndall Effect' would be realized by locating the light sources 30a and 30b and the sensor assemblies 32a and 32b with their outer most remote windows (such as window 55) just adjacent to the area B which is defined by the intersection of the beams from light sources 300 and 30b and the field of view of the sensor assemblies 32a, 32b.
  • the maximum output possible can be selected by the apparatus of FIG. 5.
  • position indicating apparatus 90 including calibration marks and indicating pointer, is provided whereby the relative distance Xa, associated with sensor assembly 32a, can be determined to assist in calibration as well as in the determination of turbidity ranges; similar indicating apparatus could be used on sensor assembly 32b and light sources 30a, 30b whereby total light path information could be obtained; indicating apparatus, such as apparatus 90, could be used as well with the device of FIGS. 1-4.
  • the turbidimeter or flow analyzer could be selectively adjusted by the manufacturer and fixed in those positions necessary to meet specific customer requirements; thus the manufacturer would be required to manufacture only one type of device to cover a vast range of applications. Also in some applications, while the type of contaminant may be the same, day to day operations could result in a wide variation of concentrations of that type of contaminant; with the present invention, this could be accommodated by simply varying the operating range by selectively moving the sensor assembly 32.
  • a fluid analyzer comprising a flow tube assembly, said tube assembly comprising an elongated flow tube, said flow tube being tubular in shape and having an inlet and an outlet portion integral with an intermediate portion, said flow tube having at least two windows lo cated at said intermediate portion, connecting means for connecting said flow tube in a flow line carrying a fluid to be monitored, light means associated with one of said windows for transmitting light through said one window into said flow tube, detector means associated with the other of said windows for receiving light through said other window from the light transmitted into said flow tube, said windows defining a light path having a determinable length, and adjustment means associated with at least one of said windows for selectively varying said determinable length whereby different ranges of turbidity can be selected, said adjustment means comprising a tubular housing, mounting means for mounting said at least one of said windows to said tubular housing, support means for supporting said tubular housing for movement into or out of said flow tube transversely to the axis of said flow tube for selectively varying said determinable length, said tubular
  • the fluid analyzer of claim 1 further including means for providing an indication of the magnitude of said determinable length.
  • the fluid analyzer of claim 6 with said windows including means for providing an indication of Said a through said other window from the light transmitted into said flow tube, said windows defining a light path having a determinable length, and adjustment means associated with at least one of said windows for selectively varying said determinable length whereby different ranges of turbidity can be selected, said adjustment means including first means associated with said one of said windows for selectively moving said one window into or out of said flow tube for varying said determinable length and second means associated with the other of said windows for selectively moving said other window into or out of said flow tube for varying said determinable length.
  • the fluid analyzer of claim 1 with said detector means comprising a photo-responsive member, means supporting said photo-responsive member to said tubular housing a fixed preselected distance from said at least one of said windows, and means supporting said light means at a fixed preselected distance from the other of said windows.
  • a fluid analyzer comprising a flow tube assembly, said tube assembly comprising a flow tube having at least two windows, light means associated with one of ,said windows for transmitting light through said one second means operable for moving the associated ones of said windows at least up to the perimeter of said pattern.
  • the fluid analyzer of claim 11 with said detector means comprising a photo-responsive member, means supporting said photo-responsive member to said tubular housing a fixed preselected distance from said at least one of said windows, and means supporting said light means at a fixed preselected distance from the other of said windows.
  • a fluid analyzer comprising a flow tube assembly, said tube assembly comprising a flow tube having at least three windows, light means associated with one of said windows for transmitting light through said one window into said flow tube, detector means associated with the others of said windows for receiving light through said other windows from the light transmitted into said flow tube, said one of said windows being opposite one of said other windows and in quadrature the other of said other windows, said one of said windows defining with said'other windows light paths having determinable lengths, and adjustment means associated with at least one of said windows for selectively varying said determinable lengths whereby different ranges of turbidity can be selected.
  • the fluid analyzer of claim 14 comprising a fourth window located in quadrature with said one of said windows, said adjustment means associated with said fourth window for selectively varying said determinable lengths between said one window and said fourth window.

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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Optical Measuring Cells (AREA)
  • Instruments For Viewing The Inside Of Hollow Bodies (AREA)
US00315093A 1972-12-14 1972-12-14 Fluid analyzer with variable light path Expired - Lifetime US3810695A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00315093A US3810695A (en) 1972-12-14 1972-12-14 Fluid analyzer with variable light path
GB5525573A GB1453602A (cs) 1972-12-14 1973-11-28
CA187,179A CA999756A (en) 1972-12-14 1973-12-03 Fluid analyzer with variable light path
JP48137845A JPS4991289A (cs) 1972-12-14 1973-12-12
DE2361752A DE2361752A1 (de) 1972-12-14 1973-12-12 Fluessigkeitsanalysierer mit veraenderbarem lichtpfad
FR7344851A FR2214372A5 (cs) 1972-12-14 1973-12-14

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US00315093A US3810695A (en) 1972-12-14 1972-12-14 Fluid analyzer with variable light path

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US3810695A true US3810695A (en) 1974-05-14

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US (1) US3810695A (cs)
JP (1) JPS4991289A (cs)
CA (1) CA999756A (cs)
DE (1) DE2361752A1 (cs)
FR (1) FR2214372A5 (cs)
GB (1) GB1453602A (cs)

Cited By (31)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2347678A1 (fr) * 1975-10-29 1977-11-04 Pharmacia Fine Chemicals Ab Procede et dispositif d'analyse de fluides par voie optique
US4201471A (en) * 1977-08-26 1980-05-06 ITT Industries, Incorporation Oil concentration detector
US4279506A (en) * 1977-11-03 1981-07-21 R. J. Harvey Instruments Corp. Photometric apparatus and methods for counting the particulate components of blood
US4286881A (en) * 1979-02-26 1981-09-01 Phillips Petroleum Company Sample cell
EP0171989A2 (en) * 1984-08-16 1986-02-19 The Winnipeg Rh Institute Inc. Sight tube for monitoring of fluids
US4717547A (en) * 1984-12-21 1988-01-05 Societe Nationale Elf Aquitaine (Production) Apparatus for adjusting the amine load upon a column for scrubbing natural gas
EP0302009A1 (de) * 1987-07-22 1989-02-01 Ciba-Geigy Ag Prozessküvette
WO1990005292A1 (de) * 1988-11-11 1990-05-17 Automatik Apparate-Maschinenbau Gmbh Messzelle zur spektralanalyse von strömenden medien, insbesondere kunststoffschmelzen
US4989974A (en) * 1988-01-14 1991-02-05 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Micro-flow cell
EP0430710A2 (en) * 1989-12-01 1991-06-05 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Sensor-holding device
US5082367A (en) * 1988-06-03 1992-01-21 Pfaudler-Werke Ag Arrangement of probes
US5268736A (en) * 1992-02-28 1993-12-07 Prather William S Light absorption cell combining variable path and length pump
US5371020A (en) * 1991-09-19 1994-12-06 Radiometer A/S Method of photometric in vitro determination of the content of an analyte in a sample
US5408313A (en) * 1991-01-07 1995-04-18 Custom Sample Systems, Inc. Optical interface coupler and system for photometric analysis
WO1995035490A2 (de) * 1994-06-20 1995-12-28 Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren, vorrichtungen und verwendung von vorrichtungen zur messung der extinktion von getrübten suspensionen
US5599503A (en) * 1990-11-26 1997-02-04 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Detector cell
EP1406079A2 (en) * 2002-10-04 2004-04-07 J.M. Canty Inc. Fluid flow cell
DE10351160B3 (de) * 2003-11-03 2005-03-31 Roche Diagnostics Gmbh Durchfluß-Meßküvette und Transmissionsspektrometer zur Untersuchung biologischer Flüssigkeiten
US20080221711A1 (en) * 2004-03-06 2008-09-11 Michael Trainer Methods and apparatus for determining characteristics of particles
US20080225296A1 (en) * 2007-03-14 2008-09-18 Spectrasensors, Inc. Pressure-invariant trace gas detection
US7961310B1 (en) * 2008-07-09 2011-06-14 Durasens, LLC Transmission liquid flow cell with increased internal flow rates
ITRM20110029A1 (it) * 2011-01-25 2012-07-26 Enea Agenzia Naz Per Le Nuo Ve Tecnologie Analizzatore colorimetrico di soluzioni acquose (acsa)
DE102011013002B3 (de) * 2011-03-04 2012-08-09 Optek-Danulat Gmbh Durchströmbare Messzelle
DE102013013709A1 (de) * 2013-02-28 2014-08-28 Endress-Hauser Conducta Inc. Optischer Mikrovolumen Inline Sensor
CN104141792A (zh) * 2014-07-24 2014-11-12 昆山禾信质谱技术有限公司 一种基于光腔衰荡光谱技术的密封装置
US9297737B2 (en) 2004-03-06 2016-03-29 Michael Trainer Methods and apparatus for determining characteristics of particles
US9744506B2 (en) 2007-06-21 2017-08-29 Gen-Probe Incorporated Instruments for mixing the contents of a detection chamber
US20180224374A1 (en) * 2017-02-07 2018-08-09 Hitachi, Ltd. Optical analysis apparatus, optical analysis system, and optical analysis method
US20190162654A1 (en) * 2017-11-27 2019-05-30 Hitachi, Ltd. Optical Analysis Apparatus, Manufacturing System for a Substance, and Manufacturing Method for a Substance
US10643008B2 (en) 2014-11-11 2020-05-05 Spectrasensors, Inc. Target analyte detection and quantification in sample gases with complex background compositions
US20230408404A1 (en) * 2020-04-06 2023-12-21 Joyson Safety Systems Acquisition Llc Systems and methods of ambient gas sensing in a vehicle

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DE2501755A1 (de) * 1975-01-17 1976-07-22 Kernforschung Gmbh Ges Fuer Verfahren zum messen und/oder ueberwachen von stoff-konzentrationen in lichtdurchlaessigen medien
JPS52162185U (cs) * 1976-06-03 1977-12-08
JPS5535257A (en) * 1978-09-04 1980-03-12 Horiba Ltd Continuous-flow type short cell for high-density measurement
GB2066947B (en) * 1980-01-09 1984-06-20 Measurex Corp Gas measuring apparatus with adjustable path length and method for operation and standardization therefor
JPS56162018A (en) * 1980-05-17 1981-12-12 Olympus Optical Co Ltd Photometric device
SE453015B (sv) * 1981-11-25 1988-01-04 Bergstrom Per Hakan Sture Metanordning avsedd for metning av koncentrationen av partiklar som transporteras med en vetska genom ett ror
SE453016B (sv) * 1981-11-25 1988-01-04 Bergstrom Per Hakan Sture Metanordning for metning av koncentrationen av partiklar som transporteras med en vetska genom ett ror
US4931774A (en) * 1988-08-17 1990-06-05 Dickey-John Corporation Liquid-vapor change of phase detector
DE3938617A1 (de) * 1989-11-21 1991-05-29 Battelle Institut E V Verfahren und vorrichtung zur extinktionsmessung in einem aerosol
US5289255A (en) * 1991-03-28 1994-02-22 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Co. Cuvette for use in making a measurement of a blood parameter and assembly utilizing the same
EP0540035A3 (en) * 1991-10-31 1993-12-01 Hughes Aircraft Co Sensor for monitoring solutes in a liquid stream
DE4218127B4 (de) * 1992-06-02 2005-09-22 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag Verfahren zur Bestimmung des Verschmutzungsgrads eines Druckwerks einer Druckmaschine
JP2009180665A (ja) * 2008-01-31 2009-08-13 Chino Corp 光路長可変セル
US7973923B2 (en) 2009-04-27 2011-07-05 Endress+Hauser Conducta Inc. Multi-port inline flow cell for use in monitoring multiple parameters in a sanitary process line
US9279746B2 (en) 2012-02-16 2016-03-08 Endress+ Hauser Conducta Inc. Inline optical sensor with modular flowcell
WO2018050527A1 (de) * 2016-09-13 2018-03-22 Basf Coatings Gmbh Sensor zur quasi-simultanen messung der transmission und/oder vorwärtsstreuung und/oder remission und zur simultanen messung der transmission und vorwärtsstreuung, oder transmission und remission einer flüssigen probe

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US2690695A (en) * 1952-01-03 1954-10-05 Perkin Elmer Corp Variable space absorption cell
US3234846A (en) * 1959-11-18 1966-02-15 Standard Oil Co Continuously recording turbidity meter
US3526462A (en) * 1967-08-17 1970-09-01 Univ Delaware Radiant energy absorption cell with a transversely movable wedge-shaped spacer block therein
US3614243A (en) * 1969-08-01 1971-10-19 Reno A Del Ben Variable path-length gas cell

Cited By (51)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4099882A (en) * 1975-10-29 1978-07-11 Pharmacia Fine Chemicals Ab Apparatus for optically analyzing fluids
FR2347678A1 (fr) * 1975-10-29 1977-11-04 Pharmacia Fine Chemicals Ab Procede et dispositif d'analyse de fluides par voie optique
US4201471A (en) * 1977-08-26 1980-05-06 ITT Industries, Incorporation Oil concentration detector
US4279506A (en) * 1977-11-03 1981-07-21 R. J. Harvey Instruments Corp. Photometric apparatus and methods for counting the particulate components of blood
US4286881A (en) * 1979-02-26 1981-09-01 Phillips Petroleum Company Sample cell
EP0171989A2 (en) * 1984-08-16 1986-02-19 The Winnipeg Rh Institute Inc. Sight tube for monitoring of fluids
EP0171989A3 (en) * 1984-08-16 1987-08-19 The Winnipeg Rh Institute Inc. Sight tube for monitoring of fluids
US4717547A (en) * 1984-12-21 1988-01-05 Societe Nationale Elf Aquitaine (Production) Apparatus for adjusting the amine load upon a column for scrubbing natural gas
EP0302009A1 (de) * 1987-07-22 1989-02-01 Ciba-Geigy Ag Prozessküvette
US4989974A (en) * 1988-01-14 1991-02-05 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Micro-flow cell
US5082367A (en) * 1988-06-03 1992-01-21 Pfaudler-Werke Ag Arrangement of probes
EP0369310A1 (de) * 1988-11-11 1990-05-23 Automatik Apparate-Maschinenbau Gmbh Messzelle zur Spektralanalyse von strömenden Medien, insbesondere Kunststoffschmelzen
WO1990005292A1 (de) * 1988-11-11 1990-05-17 Automatik Apparate-Maschinenbau Gmbh Messzelle zur spektralanalyse von strömenden medien, insbesondere kunststoffschmelzen
US5139333A (en) * 1988-11-11 1992-08-18 Automatik Apparate-Maschinebau Gmbh Measuring cell for the spectral analysis of flowing media, in particular plastic melts
EP0430710A2 (en) * 1989-12-01 1991-06-05 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Sensor-holding device
US5069552A (en) * 1989-12-01 1991-12-03 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Sensor-holding device
EP0430710A3 (en) * 1989-12-01 1992-06-24 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Sensor-holding device
US5599503A (en) * 1990-11-26 1997-02-04 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Detector cell
US5408313A (en) * 1991-01-07 1995-04-18 Custom Sample Systems, Inc. Optical interface coupler and system for photometric analysis
US5371020A (en) * 1991-09-19 1994-12-06 Radiometer A/S Method of photometric in vitro determination of the content of an analyte in a sample
US5268736A (en) * 1992-02-28 1993-12-07 Prather William S Light absorption cell combining variable path and length pump
WO1995035490A2 (de) * 1994-06-20 1995-12-28 Lenzing Aktiengesellschaft Verfahren, vorrichtungen und verwendung von vorrichtungen zur messung der extinktion von getrübten suspensionen
WO1995035490A3 (de) * 1994-06-20 1996-02-15 Chemiefaser Lenzing Ag Verfahren, vorrichtungen und verwendung von vorrichtungen zur messung der extinktion von getrübten suspensionen
EP1406079A3 (en) * 2002-10-04 2005-02-16 J.M. Canty Inc. Fluid flow cell
EP1406079A2 (en) * 2002-10-04 2004-04-07 J.M. Canty Inc. Fluid flow cell
DE10351160B3 (de) * 2003-11-03 2005-03-31 Roche Diagnostics Gmbh Durchfluß-Meßküvette und Transmissionsspektrometer zur Untersuchung biologischer Flüssigkeiten
US9297737B2 (en) 2004-03-06 2016-03-29 Michael Trainer Methods and apparatus for determining characteristics of particles
US20080221711A1 (en) * 2004-03-06 2008-09-11 Michael Trainer Methods and apparatus for determining characteristics of particles
US20080225296A1 (en) * 2007-03-14 2008-09-18 Spectrasensors, Inc. Pressure-invariant trace gas detection
US7508521B2 (en) * 2007-03-14 2009-03-24 Spectrasensors, Inc. Pressure-invariant trace gas detection
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CA999756A (en) 1976-11-16
DE2361752A1 (de) 1974-06-20
GB1453602A (cs) 1976-10-27
JPS4991289A (cs) 1974-08-31
FR2214372A5 (cs) 1974-08-09

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