US3810460A - Detector for physiological quantities - Google Patents

Detector for physiological quantities Download PDF

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Publication number
US3810460A
US3810460A US00297243A US29724372A US3810460A US 3810460 A US3810460 A US 3810460A US 00297243 A US00297243 A US 00297243A US 29724372 A US29724372 A US 29724372A US 3810460 A US3810460 A US 3810460A
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United States
Prior art keywords
end member
arms
force
detector
recess
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00297243A
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English (en)
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Nie C Van
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US Philips Corp
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US Philips Corp
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Assigned to HONEYWELL B.V. AMSTERDAM,A SUBSIDIARY OF THE NETHERLANDS OF HONEYWELL INC. A DE CORP. reassignment HONEYWELL B.V. AMSTERDAM,A SUBSIDIARY OF THE NETHERLANDS OF HONEYWELL INC. A DE CORP. ASSIGNOR ASSIGNS THE ENTIRE INTEREST, SUBJECT TO LICENSE RECITED. (SEE RECORDS FOR DETAILS). Assignors: U.S. PHILIPS CORPORATION
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/68—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient
    • A61B5/6801—Arrangements of detecting, measuring or recording means, e.g. sensors, in relation to patient specially adapted to be attached to or worn on the body surface
    • A61B5/6813—Specially adapted to be attached to a specific body part
    • A61B5/6814—Head
    • A61B5/6815—Ear
    • A61B5/6816—Ear lobe
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the cardiovascular system, e.g. pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow
    • A61B5/024—Measuring pulse rate or heart rate
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording for evaluating the cardiovascular system, e.g. pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow
    • A61B5/024—Measuring pulse rate or heart rate
    • A61B5/02416—Measuring pulse rate or heart rate using photoplethysmograph signals, e.g. generated by infrared radiation
    • A61B5/02427—Details of sensor

Definitions

  • each arm accommodating an end member near its free end, at least one of the end members being displaceable with respect to the associated arm, it being possible to hold a part of a body such as an earlobe or a finger tip between said end members, at least one of said end members comprising a measuring head.
  • a detector of this kind is known from US. Pat. No. 3,l52,587 and is often used for measuring, for example, the blood pressure or the heart frequency of patients, in particular patients whose life is in danger, such as after major surgery. It is then of essential importance that all relevant signals generated by the body are detected by the detector, whilst the detector itself should not cause any interference signals.
  • a detector which comprises a lamp and a photosensitive element between which an earlobe of the patient is placed so that the light produced by the lamp passes through the earlobe before it impinges upon the photosensitive element.
  • Any variation of the quantity of blood in the earlobe due to the heart beat will change the amount of light transmitted through the ear lobe, which results in a variation of the signal produced by the photosensitive element.
  • Variations in the quantity of light received by the element occur also if the detector is displaced over the earlobe or if the distance between the lamp and the element changes. These variations also lead to signal variations (so-termed movement artefacts) which the measuring apparatus connected to the element generally cannot distinguish from signal variations which are caused by the heart beat.
  • a detector according to the invention is characterized in that the free end of at least one of the arms is provided with a mount, the shape, the dimensions and the nature of the surface of the mount and of the surface of the associated end member which faces the mount and which is connected to the arm via a flexible connecting member being chosen such that the end member is arranged to be immovable in the mount when the end member is subjected to a force engaging the vicinity of its centre and acting in the direction of the mount.
  • the end members are freely movable with respect to the arms while the detector is being arranged on the part of the body so that optimum adjustment of the end members to the contours of this body part is possible, whilst after the detector has been mounted the end members are unmovably held in their mount so that they can no longer move. with respect to each other and movement artefacts are hardly possible.
  • a construction which was found to be very satisfactory is characterized in that the mount comprises a rotation-symmetrical recess in the arm, the shape of they surface of the end member which faces the mount having a rotation-symmetry which is adapted to the shape of the said recess.
  • the surface of the end member which faces the mount is preferably spherical, the mount being annular and comprising three bearing points for the spherical surface which are regularly distributed over its circumference.
  • the flexible connecting member which is used for connecting the end member to the arm is preferably formed by an e-shaped resilient wire, the straight portion of which is located to be rotatable in the end member near the centre of the surface facing the mount, the bent portion being arranged in a groove which is recessed in the arm.
  • the pressing force must exceed a given minimum value.
  • this force should not be too large as this will bother the patient, particularly in the case of prolonged use of the detector.
  • a frequently occurring complaint associated with the use of the detectors known thus far is, for example, a pronounced irritation of the skin at the areas where the detector presses against the body part.
  • any accidental touching of the detector fcauses movement artefacts due to the variation of the angle between the arms. Consequently, a given rigidity of the detector is required, at least after it has been arranged on the relevant part of the body.
  • Such a rigidity is achieved for the detector described in the said U.S. Patent Specification in that a screw must be turned for changing the angle between the arms.
  • this is cumbersome and, in addition, the evaluation of the pressing force is difficult.
  • An embodiment of the detector according to the invention which eliminates these drawbacks while maintaining the advantages, is characterized in that the force to be exerted at the area of the centre of the end members in order to hinge the arms with respect to each other is composed of a combination of a force which is produced by a clamping spring and a frictionalthe hinge in that the hinge pin is also inserted throughat least one friction ring which is arranged between two eyelets, the friction pack formed by the eyelets and the friction rings being compressed in the axial direction by a'compression spring.
  • the force exerted by the compression spring is preferably made to be adjustable so as to enable adjustment of the friction.
  • a variant of the detector according to the invention is characterized in that part of the hinge pin is formed by a screw bolt which cooperates with a nut which, by tightening, can exert a compressive force in the axial direction on the friction pack, the said force being substantially larger than the force exerted by the compression spring.
  • FIG. I is a perspective view of an embodiment of a detector according to the invention.
  • FlG. 2 shows how an end member of the detector shown in FIG. 1 is connected
  • FIG. 3 shows a mount of the same detector
  • FIGS. 4, 5 and 6 illustrate how the end member ofthe detector can be unmovably held in the mount by a force exerted thereon
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 are sectional views of two embodiments of a hinge for a detector according to the invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a perspective view of an end member and an associated measuring head for a detector according to the invention.
  • FIG. 10 shows an embodiment of such a measuring head
  • FIG. 11 illustrates. how the detector according to FIG. 1 can be used.
  • Each of the arms 3 is provided with an annular mount 13 which comprises a rotation-symmetrical recess 14 in the arm 3'.
  • the end members 7 are connected to the arms 3 in a floating manner so that they have a limited freedom of movement in all directions. However, if an end member 7 is subjected to a force engaging near its .centre and acting in the direction of the associated mount 13, the end member will be unmovably located in the mount. These properties are due to a proper choice of the shape, the dimensions and the materials of the mount and of the surface of the end member which faces the mount; this will be described hereinafter with reference to the FIGS. 4 to 6.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view of a semi-cylindrical body 15 which is arranged in a trough 17 such that it bears on the edges 19 on the trough.
  • lfa force F acting in the direction of the trough 17 is exerted on the body 15 at the area of a point P, the body will be subjected at the area of the edges 19 of the trough both to normal forces and frictional forces.
  • the normal forces, denoted in FIG. 4 by N, and N are per definition directed perpendicular to the surface of the body 15 and hence in the direction of the centre M of the section.
  • the frictional forces W and W are parallel to the said surface and their direction opposes that in which the body I5 could start to rotate as a result of the force F.
  • the resultant of the forces W and N acts along a load line which encloses an angle p. (called friction angle) with g the direction of the normal force N.
  • the load lines for the forces at the area of the two trough edges 19 are denoted in FIG. 4 by I, and I They intersect each other in a point 5,, the projection on the upper surface of the body I5 of which is denoted by S,.
  • the width of the shaded area in FIG. 5 is dependent only of the diameter of the body 15, the width of the trough l7 and the friction coefficientf. If the friction coefficientsfat the area of the lefthand and the right-hand trough edge I9 are not the same, the two angles ,u. will be different and the shaded area will be asymmetrical with respect to the axisof the body 15.
  • the requirement that the end member must be unmovably pressed into the mount by a force which is exerted thereon and which acts in the direction of the mount can thus be satisfied by choosing an end member in the form of a semi-cylinder and a mount which comprises two trough edges.
  • the position of the end members can be even better adapted to the surface of the part of the body if the mount 13 is annular (see FIG. 3) and the surface of the end member 7 which faces the mount is spherical.
  • the mount must comprise three bearing points 21 for the spherical surface which are preferably regularly distributed over its circumference. If this is not the case, it can hardly be prevented that, due to manufacturing tolerances, the end member 7 contacts the mount 13 only at two locations, so that the end member can wobble in the mount.
  • the locations where this area is nearest to the edge of the end member 7 correspond to the locations of the bearing points 21.
  • the shape and the extension of the area are dependent of the diameters of the end member and the mount and of the friction coefficient at the area of the bearing point 21. Because the detector is generally used only on parts of the body which are readily deformed, the force exerted on the end member 7 by the body part is usually regularly distributed over the surface of the end member which is in contact with the body part. This means that the resultant force usually engages near the centre of this surface so that a stable area whose edge is nowhere nearer to the centre of the surface than one fourth of the radius of the circle limiting the surface is generally sufliciently large to keep the end member 7 unmovably retained in the mount 13 in all practical cases.
  • the floating attachment of the end member 7 to the arm 3 can be realized in various manners by means of a flexible connecting member.
  • a connecting member can consist of, for example, three or more wires or bands which extend from the centre of the spherical surface to the mount.
  • a very simple and 'effective flexible connecting member consists of an eshaped resilient wire 23 made of, for example, spring steel, the straight portion of which protrudes through an aperture 25 in the end member 7 with some clearance so that it is located to be rotatable.
  • the bent portion of the wire 23 lies in a groove 27 which is recessed in the arm 3 and which is coaxial with the mount 13.
  • the end member 7 can perform the following movements: a tilting movement in the plane perpendicular to the straight portion of the a wire 23 in that the end member hinges about this straight portion; a tilting movement perpendicular to the former tilting movement in that the straight portion and the adjoining bent portion of the wire are deflected in a resilient manner; and a movement in the direction of the axis of the mount in which case the wire is also the end member in the direction of the mount must ex-.
  • the force exerted during opening and closing at the area of the centre of the end members 7 is determined by a clamping spring 29 and by the friction in-the hinge 5.
  • the friction of the hinge 5 must then be overcome.
  • this frictional force and the force of the spring 29 cooperate; the two forces oppose each other when the detector is closed.
  • a suitable choice is, for example, the case where the force produced by the clamping spring 29 at the area of the centre of the end members 7 amounts to approximately 50 grammes, whilst at the same areas a force of at least 1. ra tn frabl approximately 30 rammes! must be exerted so as to overcome the friction infthe hinge 5.
  • the force then amounts to 80 grammes whilst it amounts to grammes during closing.
  • Each of the arms 3 comprises two eyelets 31 through which a hinge pin 33 is inserted. Between two eyelets 31 .(forming part of different arms 3) a number (three in the case shown in FIG. 7) of friction rings 35 is provided.
  • the friction pack formed by the twov eyelets 31 and the friction rings 35 is compressed in the axial direction by a helical compression spring 37 which is slid about the hinge pin.
  • the force exerted by the compression spring 37 can be adjusted by varying the thickness of the stack of friction rings 35.
  • the hinge pin 33 is provided with a head 39 at only one end, so that it can be readily pulled out of the eyelets 31.
  • the two arms 3 are then separated and friction rings 35 can be removed or added as desired.
  • the value of the friction is not only determined by the force of the compression spring 37, but also by thematerial properties of the eyelets 31 and the friction rings 35.
  • the eyelets 31 are preferably moulded, integral with the arms 3, of a suitable synthetic resin material, for example, polycarbonate.
  • the friction rings can be made of hard-paper or of a synthetic resin material which is filled with asbestos:
  • FIG. 8 A variant of the hinge shown in FIG. 7'is shown in FIG. 8.
  • a portion 41 of the hinge pin 33 is formed by a screw bolt which cooperates with a nut 43.
  • the screw bolt 41 is centered in the friction pack 31, 35 by means of a bush 44.
  • the nut 43 and the end of the hinge pin 33 which is opposite to the screw bolt 41 are provided with a knurled head so that the nut can be readily tightened by hand,
  • the tightening of the nut 43 causes compression of the friction pack 31, 35 in the axial direction between a locking ring 45 and a clamping plate 47.
  • This compressive force is substantially larger than the force exerted in the same direction by the compression spring 37, so that the friction caused by the tightening of the nut 43 also becomes very large.
  • the arms 3 are rigidly connected to each other as if it were. Due to the tightening of the nut 43 after the'detector 1 has been arranged on the body part, the distance between the arms 3 existing at that instant is fixed so that the detector is rendered substan tially less sensitive to touching and movements of the patient. This is particularly useful in the case of patients who are subjected to measurements during prolonged periods of time.
  • the measuring head 9 is preferably mounted to be detachable in the end member 7.
  • An example of such a construction is shown in FIG. 9.
  • the measuring head 9 has the shape of a flat cylinder comprising a connecting piece 49 which is connected to the cylinder wall and which extends into a connecting cable 51.
  • the cylindrical measuring head 9 fits in a cylindricalcavity 53 which is recessed in the end member 7 and which communicates with the edgeof the end member 7 via a number (two in FIG. 9) of radial ducts 55 which can accommodate the connecting piece 49.
  • the connecting piece 49 is preferably made of a somewhat elastic synthetic resin material and its dimensions are such that it has a tight fit in the radial duct 55.
  • the measuring head 9 can be rigidly secured and still be readily detachable in the end member 7.
  • the direction of the connecting cable 51 with respect to the axis of the opening 25 is determined by the choice of theradial duct 55 in which the connecting piece 49 is inserted. It is to be ensured that the chosen direction involves, in view of the arrangement of the detector on the body, an as small as possible risk of movement artefacts due to touching of the connecting cable 51.
  • the measuring head 9 can comprise, for example, mechanical, optical or electrical measuring elements.
  • a frequently applied measurement is the measurement of the heart frequency by optical measurement of periodic variations of the quantity of blood in a finger tip of ear lobe.
  • one of the two measuring heads 9 then usually comprises a lamp and the other element comprises a photosensitive element. If the lamp or the photosensitive element become defective, measuring becomes impossible until the defective measuring head has been replaced. If uninterrupted supervision of the patient is required such as, for example, during major surgery, this can be very dangerous. Consequently, in each detector 9 a lamp 57 and a photosensitive element 59 are preferably arranged adjacent to each other (see FIG. 10). lfa defect occurs, the measurement can be simply continued-by switching over. The replacement of the measuring head 9 can then be postponed until a suitable time, if necessary. If
  • the lamp 57 can be formed by a light-emissive diode and the photo-sensitive element 59 by a photosensitive diode.
  • FIG. ll shows how the detector can be used in practice.
  • the detector 1 is connected to an ear lobe and the connecting cable 51 is attached-to the neck of the patient with an adhesive tape 61 so that movements of the connecting cable are not transferred to the detector. If the patient lies in bed and must carry the detector 1 during a prolonged period of time, it is desirable to prevent the patient from lyingon the detector so that the detector would be jammed. This would give rise to subof a soft and rigid material, for example silicone rubber, is provided about the ear to which the detector 1 is connected.
  • the ring 63 is attached to the head of the patient by means of adhesive tape 65.
  • a device -for detecting physiological quantities comprising first and second arms connected to each other for pivotal movement of one with respect to the stantial movement artefacts and could, moreover, be very painful to the patient. Therefore, a thick ring 63 said mounting means and in the vicinity of the center of said end member and at least one of said end members is displaceable with respect to its associated arm when no forces are applied thereto, flexible connecting means connecting said end member to said mounting means, and measuring means carried by at least one of said end members so as to detect said physiological quantities.
  • the device according to claim 1 further comprising a clamping spring and wherein the force required to move said arms with respect to each other is equal to the combination of the force produced by said clamping spring and a frictional force of said hinge, said frictional force being at least 10 grams.
  • said hinge comprises a hinge pin inserted through eyelets on both arms, at least one friction ring arranged between two eyelets of one of said arms forming a friction pack with said eyelets, and a compression spring carried by said pin for exerting a compression force on said friction pack.
  • the device according to claim 6 further comprising a means for adjusting said compression force exerted by said spring carried on said pin.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Biophysics (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Physiology (AREA)
  • Measuring Pulse, Heart Rate, Blood Pressure Or Blood Flow (AREA)
  • Measurement Of The Respiration, Hearing Ability, Form, And Blood Characteristics Of Living Organisms (AREA)
  • Measuring And Recording Apparatus For Diagnosis (AREA)
US00297243A 1971-10-23 1972-10-13 Detector for physiological quantities Expired - Lifetime US3810460A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL717114606A NL153081B (nl) 1971-10-23 1971-10-23 Inrichting voor het opnemen van fysiologische grootheden.

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US3810460A true US3810460A (en) 1974-05-14

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US (1) US3810460A (enExample)
JP (1) JPS5121275B2 (enExample)
AR (1) AR196632A1 (enExample)
AT (1) AT316726B (enExample)
AU (1) AU467878B2 (enExample)
BE (1) BE790454A (enExample)
CA (1) CA962477A (enExample)
CH (1) CH554165A (enExample)
ES (1) ES407839A1 (enExample)
FR (1) FR2157658A5 (enExample)
GB (1) GB1355760A (enExample)
IT (1) IT969775B (enExample)
NL (1) NL153081B (enExample)
SE (1) SE379631B (enExample)

Cited By (35)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4041932A (en) * 1975-02-06 1977-08-16 Fostick Moshe A Method for monitoring blood gas tension and pH from outside the body
US4091803A (en) * 1975-02-17 1978-05-30 Thomas Orr Transducers
USD250275S (en) 1976-07-19 1978-11-14 Hewlett-Packard Company Self-attaching probe for use in photoelectric monitoring of body extremities
US4222389A (en) * 1977-10-18 1980-09-16 Institute Of Applied Biology Special Cancer Research Project Objective determination of the rate of oxygen utilization in peripheral tissue
US4301808A (en) * 1979-11-19 1981-11-24 Taus Herbert G Pulse rate monitor
US4332258A (en) * 1980-09-29 1982-06-01 Asajiro Arai Portable pulse meter
US4334544A (en) * 1980-04-28 1982-06-15 Amf Incorporated Ear lobe clip with heart beat sensor
US4463762A (en) * 1977-10-18 1984-08-07 Institute Of Applied Biology Special Cancer Research Project Apparatus for obtaining an objective determination of the rate of oxygen utilization in peripheral tissue
US4685464A (en) * 1985-07-05 1987-08-11 Nellcor Incorporated Durable sensor for detecting optical pulses
GB2226131A (en) * 1988-11-07 1990-06-20 L E Trading Ltd Measuring blood pressure
US4971062A (en) * 1988-09-24 1990-11-20 Misawa Homes Institute Of Research And Development Fingertip pulse wave sensor
US5035243A (en) * 1988-03-26 1991-07-30 Nicolay Gmbh Holder sleeve for positioning a detecting and measuring sensor
US5080098A (en) * 1989-12-18 1992-01-14 Sentinel Monitoring, Inc. Non-invasive sensor
US5140989A (en) * 1983-10-14 1992-08-25 Somanetics Corporation Examination instrument for optical-response diagnostic apparatus
US5193542A (en) * 1991-01-28 1993-03-16 Missanelli John S Peripartum oximetric monitoring apparatus
DE4142234A1 (de) * 1991-12-20 1993-06-24 Reinshagen Kabelwerk Gmbh Sensortraeger
US5224478A (en) * 1989-11-25 1993-07-06 Colin Electronics Co., Ltd. Reflecting-type oxymeter probe
US5335659A (en) * 1993-04-12 1994-08-09 Ohmeda Inc. Nasal septum probe for photoplethysmographic measurements
US5465714A (en) * 1993-05-20 1995-11-14 Somanetics Corporation Electro-optical sensor for spectrophotometric medical devices
US5482034A (en) * 1993-05-28 1996-01-09 Somanetics Corporation Method and apparatus for spectrophotometric cerebral oximetry and the like
US5551423A (en) * 1993-01-26 1996-09-03 Nihon Kohden Corporation Pulse oximeter probe
US5584296A (en) * 1992-12-01 1996-12-17 Somanetics Corporation Patient sensor for optical cerebral oximeters and the like
US5697367A (en) * 1994-10-14 1997-12-16 Somanetics Corporation Specially grounded sensor for clinical spectrophotometric procedures
US5810724A (en) * 1995-12-01 1998-09-22 Nellcor Puritan Bennett Incorporated Reusable sensor accessory containing a conformable spring activated rubber sleeved clip
US5957840A (en) * 1996-10-03 1999-09-28 Nihon Kohden Corporation Pinch device for detecting a biomedical signal
EP0741992B1 (en) * 1995-05-08 2003-04-16 Nihon Kohden Corporation Sensor for tissue transmitted light
US20040024326A1 (en) * 2002-08-02 2004-02-05 Hyung-Sok Yeo Probe for use in measuring a biological signal and biological signal measuring system incorporating the probe
WO2004069047A1 (en) 2003-02-05 2004-08-19 Philips Intellectual Property & Standards Gmbh Medical sensor
WO2004069046A1 (en) 2003-02-05 2004-08-19 Philips Intellectual Property & Standards Gmbh Finger medical sensor
US20070260131A1 (en) * 2006-05-02 2007-11-08 Chin Rodney P Clip-style medical sensor and technique for using the same
US20080097228A1 (en) * 2004-06-10 2008-04-24 Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation Blood Pressure Meter
US20080319325A1 (en) * 2004-10-06 2008-12-25 Nippon Telegraph And Telephone Corporation Biologic Information Detecting Apparatus
EP2090226A4 (en) * 2006-11-27 2010-02-17 Beijing Choice Electronic Tech APPARATUS FOR MEASURING BLUES OXYGEN SATURATION FROM THE FINGERCLIP TYPE
USD663422S1 (en) 2011-03-24 2012-07-10 First Pulse Medical, Inc. Fetal pulse oximeter clip
US20120289800A1 (en) * 2011-04-27 2012-11-15 Isaacson Philip O Tissue clamp for noninvasive physiological measurement

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JP2557076Y2 (ja) * 1993-03-12 1997-12-08 株式会社アドバンス 脈波検出器

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US1358640A (en) * 1920-07-15 1920-11-09 Spady S Koyama Ship's chair
US3006673A (en) * 1959-01-19 1961-10-31 Illinois Tool Works Foot retainer
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US3227155A (en) * 1961-07-10 1966-01-04 Honeywell Inc Sphygmomanometric measuring apparatus
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US1358640A (en) * 1920-07-15 1920-11-09 Spady S Koyama Ship's chair
US3006673A (en) * 1959-01-19 1961-10-31 Illinois Tool Works Foot retainer
US3152587A (en) * 1960-03-31 1964-10-13 Hellige & Co Gmbh F Medical photometric apparatus
US3227155A (en) * 1961-07-10 1966-01-04 Honeywell Inc Sphygmomanometric measuring apparatus
US3628525A (en) * 1969-06-19 1971-12-21 American Optical Corp Blood oxygenation and pulse rate monitoring apparatus

Cited By (56)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4041932A (en) * 1975-02-06 1977-08-16 Fostick Moshe A Method for monitoring blood gas tension and pH from outside the body
US4091803A (en) * 1975-02-17 1978-05-30 Thomas Orr Transducers
USD250275S (en) 1976-07-19 1978-11-14 Hewlett-Packard Company Self-attaching probe for use in photoelectric monitoring of body extremities
US4222389A (en) * 1977-10-18 1980-09-16 Institute Of Applied Biology Special Cancer Research Project Objective determination of the rate of oxygen utilization in peripheral tissue
US4463762A (en) * 1977-10-18 1984-08-07 Institute Of Applied Biology Special Cancer Research Project Apparatus for obtaining an objective determination of the rate of oxygen utilization in peripheral tissue
US4301808A (en) * 1979-11-19 1981-11-24 Taus Herbert G Pulse rate monitor
US4334544A (en) * 1980-04-28 1982-06-15 Amf Incorporated Ear lobe clip with heart beat sensor
US4332258A (en) * 1980-09-29 1982-06-01 Asajiro Arai Portable pulse meter
US5140989A (en) * 1983-10-14 1992-08-25 Somanetics Corporation Examination instrument for optical-response diagnostic apparatus
US4685464A (en) * 1985-07-05 1987-08-11 Nellcor Incorporated Durable sensor for detecting optical pulses
US5035243A (en) * 1988-03-26 1991-07-30 Nicolay Gmbh Holder sleeve for positioning a detecting and measuring sensor
US4971062A (en) * 1988-09-24 1990-11-20 Misawa Homes Institute Of Research And Development Fingertip pulse wave sensor
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AT316726B (de) 1974-07-25
ES407839A1 (es) 1975-10-16
CH554165A (de) 1974-09-30
FR2157658A5 (enExample) 1973-06-01
AU4787972A (en) 1974-04-26
BE790454A (fr) 1973-04-24
IT969775B (it) 1974-04-10
AU467878B2 (en) 1975-12-18
JPS4850580A (enExample) 1973-07-17
GB1355760A (en) 1974-06-05
JPS5121275B2 (enExample) 1976-07-01
NL153081B (nl) 1977-05-16
DE2251233B2 (de) 1976-03-18
AR196632A1 (es) 1974-02-12
CA962477A (en) 1975-02-11
DE2251233A1 (de) 1973-04-26
NL7114606A (enExample) 1973-04-25
SE379631B (enExample) 1975-10-20

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