US3806608A - Synthetic egg composition - Google Patents

Synthetic egg composition Download PDF

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Publication number
US3806608A
US3806608A US00232277A US23227772A US3806608A US 3806608 A US3806608 A US 3806608A US 00232277 A US00232277 A US 00232277A US 23227772 A US23227772 A US 23227772A US 3806608 A US3806608 A US 3806608A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
composition according
egg
amino acid
composition
albumin
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00232277A
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English (en)
Inventor
M Perret
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Florasynth Inc
Original Assignee
Rhodia
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Rhodia filed Critical Rhodia
Priority to US00232277A priority Critical patent/US3806608A/en
Priority to NL7303057A priority patent/NL7303057A/xx
Priority to JP48025234A priority patent/JPS4899362A/ja
Priority to GB1064573A priority patent/GB1405078A/en
Priority to CA165,237A priority patent/CA992793A/en
Priority to FR7307743A priority patent/FR2175012B1/fr
Priority to DE19732311009 priority patent/DE2311009A1/de
Priority to IT21234/73A priority patent/IT981153B/it
Priority to BE128446A priority patent/BE796359A/xx
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3806608A publication Critical patent/US3806608A/en
Assigned to FLORASYNTH INC. reassignment FLORASYNTH INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: RHONE-POULENC INC.
Assigned to RHONE-POULENC INC. reassignment RHONE-POULENC INC. CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). EFFECTIVE OCT. 20, 1978 (NEW YORK) Assignors: RHODIA INC.
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PREPARATION OR TREATMENT THEREOF
    • A23L15/00—Egg products; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L15/35—Egg substitutes

Definitions

  • the composition has an alkaline
  • Field of Search 99/113, 114, 140 R, 14, pH within the range from about 7 to abo t and 99/17 can be formulated as a liquid, paste, or powder.
  • the flavor and texture can be made to approximate an egg
  • Netherlands patent application No. 68/17004 (1970 proposed a low calorie dried egg product with a low fat content, but a proportion of whole eggs was incorporated in order to impart the egg flavor.
  • the synthetic products available are so different from imparts the characteristic egg-like taste and flavor properties.
  • the yolk is composed of about 50% solid matter, with both bound and unbound'lipids, as well as cholesterol and proteins of a complex nature, probably in some obscure relationship with the lipid material as lipoprotein complexes.
  • the taste of the egg yolk is the part'of the egg that is the most difficult to duplicate in an egg substitute, probably because of the complexity of the materials present in the yolk. It is the failure to duplicate the egglike taste and flavor properties of the egg yolk that has led to the failure in the marketplace of most egg substitutes, and this in turn has forced those seeking to develop egg substitutes to rely at least in part upon the flavor imparted to the egg substitute material by the addition of naturally-occurring egg yolk-derived components.
  • a synthetic egg composition having the flavor of whole chicken eggs or egg yolk even though it is totally free from any naturally-occurring egg yolk-derived components. It is believed that this is the first time that the flavor of natural eggs and especially natural egg yolk has been approximated to the extent of making the synthetic product and the natural product indistinguishable.
  • the synthetic egg composition of the invention comprises as the essential ingredients either a water-soluble albumin or an edible fatty oil, or both, at least one amino acid, and an inorganic sulfide, and has an alkaline pH within the range from about 7 to about 9.5 in the presence of water.
  • the composition can be formulated as an aqueous solution or dispersion, a paste, or a dried powder, and can be made to approximate an egg, including egg yolk and total egg (white yolk), in flavor and texture.
  • Egg white contains approximately 12% matter which is proteinaceous and is referred to as albumen (as opposed to albumin, which is the class of pure protein of this type, but is derived from many other sources, as well as eggs).
  • albumen as opposed to albumin, which is the class of pure protein of this type, but is derived from many other sources, as well as eggs.
  • the egg white or albumen is in the form of an aqueous solution of the phospho-proteinaceous material, containing smallamounts of minerals and sugars, and only a trace of fat.
  • the egg yolk contains virtually all of the fat and cholesterol of the egg, and
  • the water-soluble albumin and fatty oil contribute body and texture to the composition, and usually both are used to approximate a whole egg.
  • amino acid can be used, but for better flavor it is preferred to employ a mixture of amino acids. Any amino acid is useful.
  • the amino acid can be se lected from the group consisting of DL-isoleucine, DL leucine, ,DLwaline, DL-methionine,threonine, 'DL-.
  • tryptophane L-cysteine, Dis-phenylalanine, L- tryosine, L-lysine, L-histidine, L-arginine, B-alanine, glutamic acid,cystine, glycine, aspargine, aspartic acid, serine, gentamine, proline, hydroxyproline, thyroxine, thiozine, and hydroxylysine.
  • Two or more of these amino acids can be used, in any combinations.
  • a preferred amino acid mix is indicated below, but any other combination can be used:
  • the amino acid can also be in the form of a suitable protein hydrolysate.
  • exemplary protein hydrolysate are hydrolyzed vegetable proteins derived from peanuts or soya beans, hydrolyzed animal proteins such as hydrolyzed deflavored cod flesh, keratin protein, as well as the hydrolyzed plant proteins occurring in cereal grain, such as wheat and known as gluten.
  • the protein hydrolysates generally comprise the constituent amino acids in peptide nonultimate amino acid form, representative of the source protein in the complex mixture in which they occur naturally, and in this respect differ significantly from individual mixtures of amino acids prepared synthetically, which are also effective in the compositions of the invention.
  • the amino acid can be used in very small amount. As little as 0.001% by weight of the solids of the composition is sufficient, but the amount can be considerably higher, ranging up to about Preferably, the amount of amino acid is within the range from about 0.01% to about 3% by weight of the solids of the composition.
  • An inorganic sulfide is added also, in a very small amount.
  • Free hydrogen sulfide can be used as the inorganic sulfide.
  • a trace is adequate, for instance, one drop ofa aqueous solution of ammonium sulfide in 350 g. of composition.
  • the amount of inorganic sulfide can be within the range from about 0.00001% to about 0.1%, based on the solids content. It is preferred to incorporate the, inorganic sulfide into the mix by diffusion in a smooth but indirect manner, such as by impregnating the inorganic sulfide into a porous surface, which is then brought into contact with the composition.
  • the composition is wholly devoid of the flavor of eggs. Both must be present, for good egg flavor.
  • Body and texture when desired, can be provided to the synthetic egg product of the invention by a watersoluble albumin or a fatty oil, or both.
  • the albumins are a group of simple proteins that yield mostly amino acids upon cleavage by enzymes or acids, and are found in nearly all living body tissues. Examples of albumins are grain albumin, soybean albumin, ovalbumin (albumin from egg white), serum albumin (albumin from blood), and lactalbumin (albumin from milk). The albumins are soluble in water.
  • the amount of albumin is within the range from about 0% to about 90%, preferably from 15% to about by weight of solids.
  • an edible fatty oil can be included to improve body and texture, as well as impart a fatty flavor, in order to approximate the flavor and texture of a whole egg.
  • the fatty acid mono, di, and tri glycerides derived from natural oils and fats, usually employed in admixture, are preferred. Exemplary are the fatty acid glycerides derived from corn oil, sheep tallow, beef tallow, mutton tallow, hog fat, lard, chicken fat, soybean oil, peanut oil, safflower seed oil, sesame seed oil, sunflower seed oil, tung oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, cottonseed oil, fish oil such as codliver oil, shark oil, and whale oil, olive oil, and vegetable oils.
  • An example of spray-dried vegetable oil base is Vee-Kreme, the constitution of which is partially hydrogenated vegetable oil, lactose, sodium caseinate, dipotassium phosphate, and butylated hydroxyanisole.
  • the egg product is used in a preparation where eggs are one of several other ingredients, the egg body and texture are less important, and either the fatty oil or the albumin can be omitted.
  • the amount of fatty oil is within the range from about 0% to about and preferably from 0% to about 75% by weight of the solids.
  • the pH is brought to above 7, up to approximately 9.5, and preferably within the range from about 7.1 to about 7.5 by addition of an alkaline compound.
  • alkali metal or alkali earth metal and alkali metal and alkaline earth metal carbonates and bicarbonates such as sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate and calcium bicarbonate.
  • the amount of the alkaline compound is within the range from about 0.05% to about 10%, and preferably from about 0.1% to about 3%, to bring the pH to within the desired range.
  • substances such as mineral salts can also be added, such as sodium chloride, especially phosphates as, for instance, potassium phosphate, sodium phosphate, ammonium phosphate, calcium phosphate; lecithin; sugars such as sucrose, dextrose, glucose, fructose, galactose, xylose, mannose, ribose, a-rabinose, maltose, and lactose; milk products such as dried milk, dried whey and casein; surfactants such as the mono and di fatty glycerides or polyols; sodium inosinate; sodium guanylate; sodium and calcium alginate compositions; and coloring agents. If present, these are added in small amounts, within the range from about 0.0000l% to about 25%, preferably from 0.1% to about 15%, by weight of the solids.
  • the synthetic egg compositions of the invention have the following formulation:
  • albumin and fatty oil For a whole egg, taken as an egg, such as a scrambled egg dish,.approximately equal amounts of albumin and fatty oilbest approximate the texture and mouth feel of a fresh egg. For other uses, where texture and mouth feel are not important, the proportion of albumin and fatty oil can vary widely within the stated ranges.
  • the synthetic egg product can be in the form of a liquid, paste, or powder, depending mainly on the type of oil or fat employed, a liquid oil leading to a liquid or semi-solid material, and a solid fat leading to a powder.
  • lfthe product is to be used as a liquid, an amount of water is added to obtain a consistency approximating a fresh liquid egg.
  • the liquid, pasty, or dried egg-like concentrate can be used as is, i.e., as obtained after formulation.
  • compositions of the invention are prepared by simple mixing or blending of the ingredients.
  • the solids can be mixed first, and then mixed into the liquids. If water is present, the water-soluble ingredients can be dissolved in the water, and then the other ingredients blended in.
  • a homogeneous solution or dispersion is desired in the case of liquids.
  • a uniform solid mix can be obtained by first dispersing or dissolving the ingredients in a volatile liquid, such as water or alcohol, and then volatilizingthe liquid, to recover the composition as a solid residue, paste, or powder.
  • compositions can be used cold, after mixing, or cooked at elevated temperature, using the normal cooking techniques for eggs, especially frying and bakmg.
  • composition was excellent as a substitute for 20 25010 Powdmd ss albumen 250.0 Butter oil eggs ll'l numerous applications, such as scrambled eggs, 20D Lee-Mn mayonnaise, and in baked products such as brioches.
  • the product had an excellent egg yolk flavor, and Tableecominucd was excellent for deviled eggs, when made with spices. Grams ingredient Also, it was excellent in baked goods.
  • the powdered synthetic egg composition was mixed Grams Amino Acid with different proportions of water, then fried with butg-g gt-: ter in a manner of preparing scrambled eggs. In all 'gifl? tests, the results were excellent as to flavor and taste.
  • 1.0 DL-methionine A proportion of synthetic composition to water of 0.5 L-cysteine hydrochloride L5 Dbphenylalanine about 3.5 approximates fresh egg consistency.
  • a synthetic egg composition was prepared to the fol- Amino Acid Grams lowing formulation: 1
  • a synthetic egg composition having a flavor corresponding to chicken eggs and having an alkaline pH within the range from about 7 to about 9.5 in the presence of water, comprising, as the essential ingredients,
  • composition according to claim 1 formulated as an aqueous solution or dispersion.
  • composition according to claim 1 formulated as a dry powder.
  • a composition according to claim 1, comprising a 9.
  • composition according to claim 1 in which the amino acid is in the form of a protein hydrolysate in peptide nonultimate amino acid form.
  • composition according to claim 1 in which the water-soluble albumin is selected from the group consisting of grain albumin, soybean albumin, ovalbumin, serum albumin, and lactalbumin.
  • composition according to claim 1 in which the edible fatty oil is a mono-, di-, or tri-glyceride derived from a natural oil or fat.
  • a composition according to claim 13 in which the pH is brought to within the range from about 7 to about 9.5 by addition of an edible alkaline compound se lected from the group consisting of alkali metal and alkaline earth metal hydroxides, carbonates, and bicarbonates.
  • composition according to claim 13 in which the amount of the alkaline compound is within the range from about 0.05% to about 10%.
  • composition according to claim 1 having the formulation:
  • a composition according to claim 1 comprising at least one substance selected from the group consisting of sugars, mineral salts, lecithin; milk products, surfactants, sodium inosinate, sodium guanylate, sodium by weight of the solids.
  • composition according to claim I in which the inorganic sulfide is ammonium sulfide.
  • composition according to claim 1 in which the and calcium alginates; and coloring agents in an inorganic sulfide is hydrogen sulfide.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Meat, Egg Or Seafood Products (AREA)
  • Seasonings (AREA)
  • Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)
US00232277A 1972-03-06 1972-03-06 Synthetic egg composition Expired - Lifetime US3806608A (en)

Priority Applications (9)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00232277A US3806608A (en) 1972-03-06 1972-03-06 Synthetic egg composition
JP48025234A JPS4899362A (en:Method) 1972-03-06 1973-03-05
GB1064573A GB1405078A (en) 1972-03-06 1973-03-05 Synthetic egg composition
CA165,237A CA992793A (en) 1972-03-06 1973-03-05 Synthetic egg composition
FR7307743A FR2175012B1 (en:Method) 1972-03-06 1973-03-05
NL7303057A NL7303057A (en:Method) 1972-03-06 1973-03-05
DE19732311009 DE2311009A1 (de) 1972-03-06 1973-03-06 Synthetische eizusammensetzung
IT21234/73A IT981153B (it) 1972-03-06 1973-03-06 Composizione sintetica di uova
BE128446A BE796359A (fr) 1972-03-06 1973-03-06 Composition d'oeuf synthetique

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00232277A US3806608A (en) 1972-03-06 1972-03-06 Synthetic egg composition

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3806608A true US3806608A (en) 1974-04-23

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ID=22872505

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00232277A Expired - Lifetime US3806608A (en) 1972-03-06 1972-03-06 Synthetic egg composition

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US3806608A (en:Method)
JP (1) JPS4899362A (en:Method)
BE (1) BE796359A (en:Method)
CA (1) CA992793A (en:Method)
DE (1) DE2311009A1 (en:Method)
FR (1) FR2175012B1 (en:Method)
GB (1) GB1405078A (en:Method)
IT (1) IT981153B (en:Method)
NL (1) NL7303057A (en:Method)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3928632A (en) * 1974-07-31 1975-12-23 Avoset Food Corp Egg substitute product
US4103038A (en) * 1976-09-24 1978-07-25 Beatrice Foods Co. Egg replacer composition and method of production
US4214010A (en) * 1978-12-26 1980-07-22 Stauffer Chemical Company Replacement of whole egg in baked custard
EP1378180A1 (en) * 2002-07-03 2004-01-07 Wade Mussawir-Key Frederick Egg substitutes
WO2005041689A3 (en) * 2003-10-30 2005-09-29 Quest Int Flavouring composition and method of flavouring foodstuffs or beverages
US20100247720A1 (en) * 2004-10-28 2010-09-30 Jennie-O Turkey Store, Llc Method of Cooking Frozen Meat
US20130052304A1 (en) * 2011-08-22 2013-02-28 Weili Li Egg substitute and method of producing same
US20140271998A1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2014-09-18 Aryeh HECHT Fortified egg white products
US20150313269A1 (en) * 2014-05-05 2015-11-05 Aniceto González Rodríguez Egg substitutes and methods for making the same
WO2016077457A1 (en) * 2014-11-11 2016-05-19 Clara Foods Co. Methods and compositions for egg white protein production
US9648889B2 (en) * 2015-09-11 2017-05-16 John Pallas Liquid-egg replacement composition
US10694766B2 (en) * 2012-03-30 2020-06-30 Societe Des Produits Nestle S.A. Aerated frozen confectionary product
US10927360B1 (en) 2019-08-07 2021-02-23 Clara Foods Co. Compositions comprising digestive enzymes
US11160299B2 (en) 2019-07-11 2021-11-02 Clara Foods Co. Protein compositions and consumable products thereof
US11576414B1 (en) 2021-05-03 2023-02-14 Ronald Takeo Shigeta Food compositions containing added honey proteins
US12096784B2 (en) 2019-07-11 2024-09-24 Clara Foods Co. Protein compositions and consumable products thereof

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3640732A (en) * 1969-10-09 1972-02-08 Gen Mills Inc Simulated cooked egg

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3640732A (en) * 1969-10-09 1972-02-08 Gen Mills Inc Simulated cooked egg

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3928632A (en) * 1974-07-31 1975-12-23 Avoset Food Corp Egg substitute product
US4103038A (en) * 1976-09-24 1978-07-25 Beatrice Foods Co. Egg replacer composition and method of production
US4214010A (en) * 1978-12-26 1980-07-22 Stauffer Chemical Company Replacement of whole egg in baked custard
EP1378180A1 (en) * 2002-07-03 2004-01-07 Wade Mussawir-Key Frederick Egg substitutes
WO2005041689A3 (en) * 2003-10-30 2005-09-29 Quest Int Flavouring composition and method of flavouring foodstuffs or beverages
US20070264402A1 (en) * 2003-10-30 2007-11-15 Quest International B.V. Flavouring Composition and Method of Flavouring Foodstuffs or Beverages
US20100247720A1 (en) * 2004-10-28 2010-09-30 Jennie-O Turkey Store, Llc Method of Cooking Frozen Meat
US20130052304A1 (en) * 2011-08-22 2013-02-28 Weili Li Egg substitute and method of producing same
US10694766B2 (en) * 2012-03-30 2020-06-30 Societe Des Produits Nestle S.A. Aerated frozen confectionary product
US20140271998A1 (en) * 2013-03-15 2014-09-18 Aryeh HECHT Fortified egg white products
US20150313269A1 (en) * 2014-05-05 2015-11-05 Aniceto González Rodríguez Egg substitutes and methods for making the same
WO2016077457A1 (en) * 2014-11-11 2016-05-19 Clara Foods Co. Methods and compositions for egg white protein production
US11518797B2 (en) 2014-11-11 2022-12-06 Clara Foods Co. Methods and compositions for egg white protein production
US11279748B2 (en) 2014-11-11 2022-03-22 Clara Foods Co. Recombinant animal-free food compositions and methods of making them
US9648889B2 (en) * 2015-09-11 2017-05-16 John Pallas Liquid-egg replacement composition
US11160299B2 (en) 2019-07-11 2021-11-02 Clara Foods Co. Protein compositions and consumable products thereof
US11800887B2 (en) 2019-07-11 2023-10-31 Clara Foods Co. Protein compositions and consumable products thereof
US11974592B1 (en) 2019-07-11 2024-05-07 Clara Foods Co. Protein compositions and consumable products thereof
US12096784B2 (en) 2019-07-11 2024-09-24 Clara Foods Co. Protein compositions and consumable products thereof
US11142754B2 (en) 2019-08-07 2021-10-12 Clara Foods Co. Compositions comprising digestive enzymes
US10927360B1 (en) 2019-08-07 2021-02-23 Clara Foods Co. Compositions comprising digestive enzymes
US11649445B2 (en) 2019-08-07 2023-05-16 Clara Foods Co. Compositions comprising digestive enzymes
US12391935B2 (en) 2019-08-07 2025-08-19 Clara Foods Co. Compositions comprising digestive enzymes
US11576414B1 (en) 2021-05-03 2023-02-14 Ronald Takeo Shigeta Food compositions containing added honey proteins

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2175012A1 (en:Method) 1973-10-19
CA992793A (en) 1976-07-13
GB1405078A (en) 1975-09-03
NL7303057A (en:Method) 1973-09-10
DE2311009A1 (de) 1973-09-13
FR2175012B1 (en:Method) 1976-06-11
IT981153B (it) 1974-10-10
JPS4899362A (en:Method) 1973-12-15
BE796359A (fr) 1973-09-06

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AS Assignment

Owner name: FLORASYNTH INC., 410 EAST 62ND ST., NEW YORK, NY

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:RHONE-POULENC INC.;REEL/FRAME:003861/0995

Effective date: 19810310

AS Assignment

Owner name: RHONE-POULENC INC.

Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:RHODIA INC.;REEL/FRAME:003933/0729

Effective date: 19781018