US3806250A - Nebuliser assemblies for flame spectrometry - Google Patents

Nebuliser assemblies for flame spectrometry Download PDF

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Publication number
US3806250A
US3806250A US00223608A US22360872A US3806250A US 3806250 A US3806250 A US 3806250A US 00223608 A US00223608 A US 00223608A US 22360872 A US22360872 A US 22360872A US 3806250 A US3806250 A US 3806250A
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United States
Prior art keywords
rod
nebuliser
nozzle
impact surface
nebulising
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00223608A
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English (en)
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R George
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Pye Electronic Products Ltd
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Pye Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
    • G01N21/71—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light thermally excited
    • G01N21/714—Sample nebulisers for flame burners or plasma burners

Definitions

  • Domingo et a1. Biochemical Journal, volume 45, 1949, pages 400-408.
  • a nebuliser for use in flame spectroscopy comprises a nebulising nozzle, a cloud chamber, an impact surface located in the cloud chamber in front of the nebulising nozzle, and control means, adjustable from outsidethe nebuliser assembly, arranged to move the impact surface along the nozzle axis for the purpose of ready adjustment of the nebulising effect during operation.
  • the impact surface is also arranged to be adjusted 1 from outside the nebuliser so that: it can be moved to an off-axis position to reduce sensitivity when required.
  • NEBULISER ASSEMBLIES FOR FLAME SPECTROMETRY NEBULISER ASSEMBLIES FOR FLAME SPECTROMETRY
  • the pressurised gas passes through a venturi nozzle in,the nebuliser to produce a partial vacuum before exhausting into the cloud chamber.
  • Sample solution is drawn into the region of low pressure through a capillary inlet and is thereby broken up into a fine spray composed of droplets of sample solution.
  • the pressurised gas fed to the nebuliser may either be an oxidant, a fuel or an inert diluent gas depending upon the analytical flame used.
  • the impact surface is typically a spherical surface mounted symmetrically aboutthe axis of cylindrical symmetry of the nebuliser nozzle and impact surfaces have been proposed which comprise for example a spherically ended rod, or a rod having attached thereto a ball, bead or other spherical device.
  • the impact surface In order to obtain an optimum sensitivity under given analytical conditions the impact surface has to be accurately positioned on the axis of the nebuliser nozzle I with respect to the nozzle.
  • the position is critical and is dependent inter alia upon the nebuliser configuration,.the pressurized gas used with the nebuliser and the solvent employed in the sample solution. It may, however, be desirableto reduce the sensitivity of the flame. spectrophotometer and this could conveniently be done by removal of the impact surface from the axial position.
  • the position of the impactsurface has either not been adjustable or has only been adjustable as a skilled operation.
  • Anobject of the invention isthe provision of a nebuliser assembly of the kind referred to in which the position of the impact surface is readily adjustable from the exterior of the nebuliser assembly whilst the nebuliser is in operation.
  • a nebuliser assembly for use in flame spectroscopy including a cloud chamber, a nebulising nozzle directed into said cloud chamber and having means for applying a liquid analytical medium to be nebulised and a gaseous propellant medium for nebulising said analytical medium to said nebulising nozzle, an impact surface'mounted within said cloud chamber to lie upon the axis of said nebulising nozzle to receive droplets therefrom, and control means adjustable from outside said nebuliser assembly and arranged to move said impact surface in a direction along the axis of said nebulising nozzle to enable the position of said impact surface to be adjusted during operation of said nebuliser assembly.
  • a gaseous flame-producing medium can be introduced into said cloud chamber through an annularaperture surrounding said nebuliser nozzle.
  • a nebuliser assembly as set. out in the foregoing paragraph comprising further means, also adjustable from without the nebuliser assembly, adapted to move the impact surface from a position on the axis of the nebulising nozzle to an off-axis positionand to return the impact surface thereto.
  • FIG. 1 shows one form of flame spectrometer employing a nebuliser assembly
  • FIG. 2 showsinlongitudinal section, a nebuliser assembly embodying the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows in general form a system for performing atomic absorption measurements and including a. nebuliser ,21, a cloud chamber 22, and a burner 8.
  • Thenebuliser 21 is fedwith compressed airfrom a cylinder 9 and with sample solution from a vessel 10.
  • Fuel and auxiliary air are fed from cylinders Hand 12 through a common line 13. Mixing of the fuel/air mixture and sample solution spray occurs in the cloud chamber 22, and the resulting mixturev is fed to the burner 8 which produces an analytical flame 14 wherein evaporation of the sample solution solvent takes place and vaporisation of the sample occurs.
  • Radiation from a source 15 provides a beam of radiation having one or more characteristic spectral line(s).
  • the beam of radiation emitted by the source 15 isfocussed and passed through the flame .14 containing the vapour of the sample solution containing an unknown quantity of the material under examination, into. a. monochromator 16.
  • Certain spectral lines are absorbed by the vapour of the sample from the beam of radiation indicating the presence of a'particular element in the vaporised solution if the beam of radiation is of a specific wavelength corresponding to the energy required to excite atoms which have been vaporised, from their ground state to the resonant energy level.
  • Adjustment of the monochromator 16 to the wavelength of the spectral lines which are to be absorbed gives a beam of radiation of narrow bandwidth about that wavelength.
  • the resultant beam of radiation is directed onto a radiation sensitivedevice 17 which provides an output Signal which is amplified by an amplifier 18 and applied to a meter 19 which provides an inunknown samples are introduced into the flame 14 andwhen no sample is introduced into the flame l4.
  • a nebuliser assembly comprising a nebuliser generally indicated at 21, a cloud chamber 22 (shown in part) and a cloud chamber cap 23 is provided with an impact surface 24 in the form of a spherical bead 25 mounted upon a rod 26 to lie upon the axis of cylindrical symmetry of the nebuliser 21 in the manner shown.
  • the nebuliser 21 is mounted within a bore in the cloud chamber cap 23, a shoulder 27 coacting with an O-ring 28 to provide a gas-tight seal.
  • the nebuliser 21 is provided with a capillary sample conduit 29 and a nozzle 30.
  • the forward portion 31 of the nozzle 30 projects through a recess 32 in the cloud chamber cap 23 and through a member 33 which serves to seal the recess 32 except foran annular passageway 34 surrounding the forward portion 31 of the nozzle 30.
  • the cloud chamber 22 is mounted on the cap 23 by means of a screwed collar 35 and a sealing ring 36 is arranged to provide a gas-tight seal.
  • a portion 37 'of the cloud chamber cap 23 is provided with a machined sump 38 communicating with a drain tube 39 passing through the cap 23.
  • the rod 26 is rigidly mounted upon a control rod 40, passing as a rotation fit through the cap 23v and a control assembly 41, and is terminated by 'a knob 42 mounted thereupon, an O-ring 43 co-operating with, the wall of the surrounding bore to provide a gas-tight seal.
  • the control assembly 41 comprises a screwed bush 44 mounted in the cloud chamber cap 23 and contains a coil spring 45 seated about the control rod 40 and held in slight compression between a shoulder 46 and a circlip 47 mounted on the rod 40.
  • a cap 48 is at tached to the bush 44 by means of screws 49 and 49.
  • the control rod 40 includes a flattened portion 50 which co-operates with a flat-ended insert 51 held in place by means of a coil spring 52 and a screw cap 53.
  • the nebuliser assembly of FIG. 2 is fed with air, fuel and sample solution in the manner described with reference to FIG. 1 of the drawings.
  • Compressed air enters a-chamber 60 of the nebuliser assembly and exhausts through the nozzle 30 into the cloud chamber 22. Passage of the compressed air produces a partial vacuum in the region adjacent the open end of the capillary sample conduit 29, the outer end of which is connected to a source of sample solution, drawing the sample solution through the conduit 29 and at the same time causing it to break up into a fine spray.
  • the spray strikes the impact surface 24 of the head 25 when the latter is in the position shown.
  • Pre-mixed air and fuel gas is introduced into the recess 32 and further mixing takes place between the fuel gas and the air in passing through the annular passageway 34 before the mixing with the compressed gas and sample spray in the cloud chamber 22.
  • the fuel gas used depends upon the nature of the analysis as does the proportion of fuel gas to air and the type of compressed gas used to feed the nebuliser.
  • the mixed gases and sample solution spray pass through the cloud chamber 22 to the burner 8 as shown in FIG. 1. Any droplets of sample solution which collect on the walls of the cloud chamber 22 willdrain into the sump 38 and will be exhausted via the pipe 39.
  • the position of the impact surface 24 on the axis of the nebuliser nozzle 30 is critical and must be adjusted for optimum sensitivity of each analysis. This is readily achieved in the embodiment described, by rotation of the cap 48 mounted on the bush 44 which imparts an axial force to the circlip 47 and hence to the control rod 40 which is thus moved axially within the cloud chamber cap 23 causing a corresponding movement of the bead 25 along the axis of the nebuliser nozzle 30. The limit of this travel is determined by the length of the machined portion 50 of the rod 40. Rotation of the rod 40 is prevented by cooperation between the insert 51 under the pressure exerted by the coil spring 52, and the machined portion 50 of the rod 40.
  • a rotary motion is imparted to the control rod 40 by means of the control knob 42 causing the insert 51 to ride out of the machined portion 50 of the control rod 40.
  • the bead 25 is held in an adjacent off-axis position by the pressure of the insert 51 upon the control rod 40.
  • the return of the bead 25 to its original axial position is effected by a reverse rotation of the knob 42, causing the insert 51 to ride back into the flat 50, thus locating the bead 25 in its original position. In this way the mechanism returns the impact surface accurately to the position previously set by means of the control assembly 41.
  • the impact surface 24 of the bead 25 can project into the mouth of the nozzle 30 preventing the translation of the bead 25 into an offaxis position by a simple rotary action.
  • the control knob 42 is pushed axially inwards against the pressure of the coil spring 45 to cause the axial movement of the bead 25 away from the nozzle 30 before the rotary motion is imparted to the control rod 40.
  • inward axial pressure must-again be applied to the control knob 42 before rotation.
  • Provision of the control assembly described and illustrated in FIG. 2 enables the position of the impact surface 24 to be precisely and easily adjusted from the exterior of the nebuliser assembly and .permits the translation of the impact surface to an off-axis position also from the exterior of the assembly. In addition, adjustment of the position of the impact surface in either sense may be effected whilst the nebuliser is in operation and a flame established on the burner 12. Provision of the control assembly makes the removal and replacement of the bead and the positioning of the bead steel, the nozzle 30 of tantalum and the rod 26 of titanium or stainless steel coated with an inert plastic material.
  • the bead 25 is constructed of titanium or sapphire and the capillary sample conduit 29 of platinumliridium alloy.
  • a nebuliser assembly for use in flame spectroscopy comprising:
  • a cloud chamber a cloud chamber; a nebulising nozzle directed into said cloud chamber;
  • a nebuliser assembly as claimed in claim 1 further comprising urging means which tends to restore said impact surface to an axial position with respect to said nebulising nozzle.
  • a nebuliser assembly as claimed in claim 4 wherein the surface of said rod facing said pin when said impact surface is in the vicinity of the axis of said nebulising nozzle is flat and said flat surface is perpendicular to said pin when said impact surface lies on the axis of said nebulising nozzle.
  • a nebuliser assembly as claimed in claim 1 further comprising:
  • a nebuliser assembly as claimed in claim 1 further comprising an annular aperture surrounding said nebuliser nozzle through which a gaseous flame-producing medium may be introduced into said cloud chamber.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Immunology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Investigating, Analyzing Materials By Fluorescence Or Luminescence (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
US00223608A 1971-02-05 1972-02-04 Nebuliser assemblies for flame spectrometry Expired - Lifetime US3806250A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB403171A GB1382254A (en) 1971-02-05 1971-02-05 Flame spectrometry apparatus

Publications (1)

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US3806250A true US3806250A (en) 1974-04-23

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US00223608A Expired - Lifetime US3806250A (en) 1971-02-05 1972-02-04 Nebuliser assemblies for flame spectrometry

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US (1) US3806250A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS545714B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AU (1) AU463491B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CH (1) CH536659A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2204938C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2124490B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1382254A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4220413A (en) * 1979-05-03 1980-09-02 The Perkin-Elmer Corporation Automatic gas flow control apparatus for an atomic absorption spectrometer burner
US4250553A (en) * 1979-03-05 1981-02-10 The Perkin-Elmer Corporation Fluid flow measurement system
US4361401A (en) * 1978-05-22 1982-11-30 Instrumentation Laboratory Inc. Automatic sample deposition in flameless analysis
US4577517A (en) * 1982-08-30 1986-03-25 Labtest Equipment Co. (S.E. Asia) Pty. Ltd. Nebulizer
US4915616A (en) * 1987-05-18 1990-04-10 Saibu Gas Co. System utilizing gas flame for appreciation or ornamentation
US5186621A (en) * 1990-03-28 1993-02-16 The Texas A & M University System Chimney holder and injection tube mount for use in atomic absorption and plasma spectroscopy
WO1995025280A3 (de) * 1994-03-17 1995-12-07 Harald Berndt Vorrichtung zur handhabung von flüssigkeiten für analytische zwecke
USD389557S (en) 1996-05-17 1998-01-20 Precision Glassblowing of Colorado, Inc. Nebulizer
WO1998040165A1 (en) * 1997-03-07 1998-09-17 Varian Australia Pty. Ltd. Spectroscopic atomisation assembly
DE19719903A1 (de) * 1997-05-12 1998-11-19 Deutsch Zentr Luft & Raumfahrt Meßvorrichtung und Verfahren zur Reinigung von Kontaminationsbereichen einer Meßvorrichtung
EP0552290B1 (en) * 1990-10-11 2000-02-02 Advanced Research & Technology Institute Process and apparatus for fragmenting biomaterials
AU737783B2 (en) * 1997-03-07 2001-08-30 Agilent Technologies Australia (M) Pty Ltd Spectroscopic atomisation assembly
US20050287033A1 (en) * 2004-06-25 2005-12-29 University Technologies International Inc. Micro flame detector and method for gas chromatography
US20080213908A1 (en) * 2004-06-25 2008-09-04 Uti Limited Partnership Flame detector
US20120003593A1 (en) * 2007-08-10 2012-01-05 G.B.D. Corp Method and apparatus for producing a visible hydrogen flame
US20150285770A1 (en) * 2010-02-26 2015-10-08 Rosario Mannino Jet assembly for use in detectors and other devices
CN106872384A (zh) * 2017-04-07 2017-06-20 北京瀚时仪器有限公司 一种用于原子吸收分光光度计的高效雾化器
CN116183531A (zh) * 2023-03-14 2023-05-30 上海元析仪器有限公司 一种易拆装的原子吸收分光光度计火焰原子化器

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS57159347U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1981-03-31 1982-10-06
JPS60124262U (ja) * 1984-01-26 1985-08-21 富士電機株式会社 内部通風形回転電機
JPS61119017U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1985-01-11 1986-07-26
DE3516176A1 (de) * 1985-05-06 1986-11-06 Bodenseewerk Perkin-Elmer & Co GmbH, 7770 Überlingen Pneumatischer zerstaeuber fuer die atomabsorptionsspektroskopie
BR9104352A (pt) * 1991-10-03 1992-03-10 Mcq Do Brasil Ind E Comercio L Injetor preparador de amostras para espectrofotometros de chama ou plasma

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3469789A (en) * 1967-06-07 1969-09-30 Corning Glass Works Sample introducing device for spectro-chemical analysis
US3516771A (en) * 1968-08-01 1970-06-23 Hewlett Packard Co Burner for spectroscopic use

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3469789A (en) * 1967-06-07 1969-09-30 Corning Glass Works Sample introducing device for spectro-chemical analysis
US3516771A (en) * 1968-08-01 1970-06-23 Hewlett Packard Co Burner for spectroscopic use

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Domingo et al.: Biochemical Journal, volume 45, 1949, pages 400 408. *
Rauterberg et al.: Angewandte Chemie volume 53, 1940, pages 477 479. *

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4361401A (en) * 1978-05-22 1982-11-30 Instrumentation Laboratory Inc. Automatic sample deposition in flameless analysis
US4250553A (en) * 1979-03-05 1981-02-10 The Perkin-Elmer Corporation Fluid flow measurement system
US4220413A (en) * 1979-05-03 1980-09-02 The Perkin-Elmer Corporation Automatic gas flow control apparatus for an atomic absorption spectrometer burner
US4577517A (en) * 1982-08-30 1986-03-25 Labtest Equipment Co. (S.E. Asia) Pty. Ltd. Nebulizer
US4915616A (en) * 1987-05-18 1990-04-10 Saibu Gas Co. System utilizing gas flame for appreciation or ornamentation
US5186621A (en) * 1990-03-28 1993-02-16 The Texas A & M University System Chimney holder and injection tube mount for use in atomic absorption and plasma spectroscopy
EP0552290B1 (en) * 1990-10-11 2000-02-02 Advanced Research & Technology Institute Process and apparatus for fragmenting biomaterials
WO1995025280A3 (de) * 1994-03-17 1995-12-07 Harald Berndt Vorrichtung zur handhabung von flüssigkeiten für analytische zwecke
USD389557S (en) 1996-05-17 1998-01-20 Precision Glassblowing of Colorado, Inc. Nebulizer
WO1998040165A1 (en) * 1997-03-07 1998-09-17 Varian Australia Pty. Ltd. Spectroscopic atomisation assembly
AU737783B2 (en) * 1997-03-07 2001-08-30 Agilent Technologies Australia (M) Pty Ltd Spectroscopic atomisation assembly
DE19719903A1 (de) * 1997-05-12 1998-11-19 Deutsch Zentr Luft & Raumfahrt Meßvorrichtung und Verfahren zur Reinigung von Kontaminationsbereichen einer Meßvorrichtung
US20050287033A1 (en) * 2004-06-25 2005-12-29 University Technologies International Inc. Micro flame detector and method for gas chromatography
US20080213908A1 (en) * 2004-06-25 2008-09-04 Uti Limited Partnership Flame detector
US20120003593A1 (en) * 2007-08-10 2012-01-05 G.B.D. Corp Method and apparatus for producing a visible hydrogen flame
US20150285770A1 (en) * 2010-02-26 2015-10-08 Rosario Mannino Jet assembly for use in detectors and other devices
CN106872384A (zh) * 2017-04-07 2017-06-20 北京瀚时仪器有限公司 一种用于原子吸收分光光度计的高效雾化器
CN116183531A (zh) * 2023-03-14 2023-05-30 上海元析仪器有限公司 一种易拆装的原子吸收分光光度计火焰原子化器
CN116183531B (zh) * 2023-03-14 2023-09-05 上海元析仪器有限公司 一种易拆装的原子吸收分光光度计火焰原子化器

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS545714B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1979-03-20
GB1382254A (en) 1975-01-29
AU3861372A (en) 1973-08-09
FR2124490B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1976-01-16
FR2124490A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-09-22
CH536659A (de) 1973-05-15
DE2204938B2 (de) 1979-11-29
AU463491B2 (en) 1975-07-10
DE2204938A1 (de) 1972-08-17
DE2204938C3 (de) 1980-08-14

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