US3799195A - Device for controlling a mixture of two gases - Google Patents

Device for controlling a mixture of two gases Download PDF

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Publication number
US3799195A
US3799195A US00227492A US22749272A US3799195A US 3799195 A US3799195 A US 3799195A US 00227492 A US00227492 A US 00227492A US 22749272 A US22749272 A US 22749272A US 3799195 A US3799195 A US 3799195A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
nozzle
ring
sleeve
nozzles
axis
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00227492A
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English (en)
Inventor
F Hermans
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Le Four Industriel Belge SA
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Le Four Industriel Belge SA
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details
    • F23D14/62—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes
    • F23D14/64—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes with injectors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F23/00—Mixing according to the phases to be mixed, e.g. dispersing or emulsifying
    • B01F23/10—Mixing gases with gases
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/312—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/312—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof
    • B01F25/3124—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof characterised by the place of introduction of the main flow
    • B01F25/31242—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof characterised by the place of introduction of the main flow the main flow being injected in the central area of the venturi, creating an aspiration in the circumferential part of the conduit
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details
    • F23D14/60—Devices for simultaneous control of gas and combustion air
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/312—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof
    • B01F25/3125—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows with Venturi elements; Details thereof characteristics of the Venturi parts
    • B01F25/31252—Nozzles
    • B01F25/312521—Adjustable Venturi nozzle
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/2496—Self-proportioning or correlating systems
    • Y10T137/2499—Mixture condition maintaining or sensing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8158—With indicator, register, recorder, alarm or inspection means
    • Y10T137/8225—Position or extent of motion indicator
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593—Systems
    • Y10T137/87571—Multiple inlet with single outlet
    • Y10T137/87587—Combining by aspiration
    • Y10T137/87611—Flow control by varying position of a fluid inlet relative to entrainment chamber

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT nozzle and entering freely in the ring, so as to permit the said nozzle to move inside the device by making the ring rotate around its axis with reference to said sleeve.
  • the present invention relates to a device for controlling a mixture of two gases, such as a comburent gas and a combustible gas, comprising a first nozzle with a converging portion, such nozzle communicating with a first adduction pipe for one of the said components of the mixture and in the rear of which is a second nozzle coaxial with the first one, the second nozzle having a diverging portion, at least the entry of the latter being of larger internal circular cross-section than the external circular cross-section of the first nozzle, a chamber wherein opens a second adduction pipe for the other component of the said mixture, enclosing the outlet end of the first nozzle and communicating with the entry of the second nozzle, means being provided to vary along the common axis of the two nozzles, the relative position of the latter.
  • two gases such as a comburent gas and a combustible gas
  • the aim of the invention is to provide an improved device of the said type enabling to achieve a strictly constant ratio, upstream of the equipment to be supplied, such as heating apparatus, between the two components of the mixture and this for flows of this gas mixture varying between fairly large limits.
  • the means provided to vary, along the common axis of the twonozzles, the relative position of the latter comprise at least one ring, provided with an internal screw thread, mounted in movable manner on a stationary sleeve enclosing one of the nozzles, the nozzle located inside the sleeve being fitted in such a manner as to be able to slide inside the latter along the axis thereof; at least one slot, parallel to the said axis, passing right through the portion of the wall of the said sleeve covered by the said ring; a driving member for such nozzle co-operating with such slot and being secured to the inner wall of the nozzle and engaging freely the inner face of the ring covering the slot, so as to permit the said nozzle to move inside the device by making the ring rotate around its axis with reference to the sleeve.
  • the sleeve comprises atleast two slots diametrically opposite one another, parallel to the axis of the nozzle fitted inside the sleeve, the said driving m'ember for such nozzle co-operating with each one of the said slots.
  • the first nozzle is assembled in the said sleeve, the second nozzle being stationary with reference to the latter.
  • a flange is provided at the outlet of at least one of the nozzles, so as to permit establishing close to such outlet, a stationary gas film.
  • F 1G. 1 shows diagrammatically a longitudinal crosssection partially broken away, of a particular embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows on a large scale a detail of the device shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is an elevational view, partially broken away, of a detail of a modified form of the device shown in FIG. 1.
  • the device according to the invention comprises a first nozzle 1, with a converging portion 2 and communicating with an adduction pipe 3 for a first gas, and a second nozzle 4 coaxial with the first one and mounted downstream of the latter.
  • the second nozzle 4 has a diverging portion, at least the entry 6 of the latter being of larger internal circular cross-section than the external circular cross-section of the outlet 7 of the first nozzle 1, so as to permit engaging such outlet 7 in the entry 6 while maintaining in between them an annular space 8 for the passage of a gas originating from a chamber 9 enclosing the outlet end of the first nozzle 1 and communicating with the entry 6 of the second nozzle 4.
  • a second adduction pipe 10 for a second gas opens into the said chamber 9.
  • a ring 11 with an internal helical thread 17 is freely threaded on a stationary sleeve 12 enclosing the nozzle 1, the latter being fitted in such a manner as to be able to translate inside the sleeve along the common axis 13.
  • a driving member, provided by a stem 16 cooperates with each one of these slots 14 and 15. This member is secured by one of its ends to the outside wall of the nozzle and engages freely with its other end an annular slot 35 provided in the inner face of the ring 11 and concentric with the latter, these two stems 16 being also diametrically opposite one another.
  • the ring 11 is knurled on its outside face and provided with a graduation 18 showing the ratio of the two gases in terms of the position of this ring of the sleeve 12.
  • a secondary ring 19 is provided on the sleeve 12, partially beneath ring 11 and which carries on its outside face, parallel to its axis, a graduated scale 36.
  • Ring 11 may be rotated around its axis in both directions.
  • the graduation of the scale 36 in such that for one revolution of the ring 11, the latter moves in the axial direction by one unit of the graduation, so that the rim of the ring 11 located on the side of the ring 19 shall coincide with the line mark according to the graduation 36.
  • the two graduated rings 11 and 19 thus determine a vernier permitting measurement, in a very accurate manner, of the axial movement of the nozzle 1 and, consequently, also the ratio of the two gases.
  • the ring 19 may, just like the ring 11, rotate around its axis so as to enable a movement of the graduated scale 36 simultaneously with the graduations 18 and thus ensure the accessibility of the reading of the scale, independently of the location of the device.
  • the ring 19 is able to slide, with reference to ring 11, on the sleeve 12 in the longitudinal direction of the latter.
  • This longitudinal motion must be such that, in the case of using a combustible gas and a comburent gas, a composition of gas mixture is obtained which is the neutral combustion or the theoretical basis composition when the line 0 of the graduation 18 of the ring 11 is positioned facing the axial line of scale 36.
  • the line of the graduation 18 will thus be established facing the line 0" of the scale 36 on the ring 19 in such a manner as to obtain on one side of the line 0 of the ring 11 the graduations corresponding to the reducing ratios and on the other side of such line 0 the graduations corresponding to the oxidising ratios.
  • annular gasket 20 Between the nozzle 1 and the sleeve 12 is provided an annular gasket 20 on either side of the slots 14 and 15.
  • the outlet 7 of the nozzle 1 is provided with an outer circular flange 22, shown on a larger scale in FIG. 2, which establishes a stationary gas film 39 on the outer wall of such nozzle 1, located in the space 8 during the flow of the gas originating from the pipe 10 to the second nozzle 4.
  • the wall 23 of such flange 22, provided to establish the said stationary gas film on the outer wall of the nozzle, forms with such wall an angle equal to 90 at the most.
  • the sleeve 12 is provided, at the end thereof directed towards the chamber 9, with an outer screw thread 24, by means of which it is screwed on a hollow body 25 determining such chamber 9.
  • the nozzle 4 which is stationary, is screwed in the said hollow body on the side facing that one in which is screwed the sleeve 12.
  • the converging portion 2 of the nozzle 1 is extended by a cylindrical portion 30 as far as the outlet of the said nozzle, this cylindrical portion being coaxial with the nozzle 4 so as to achieve a laminar flow of the gas at the outlet of the nozzle 1.
  • a pressure regulator 31 connected to a pipe 32 branched off the outlet 33 of the nozzle 4 at the entry of a mixing chamber 34 and controlling a valve 40 mounted in the pipe 10, assures the maintenance in the chamber 9 of a pressure substantially equal to that present at the outlet 33 of the nozzle 4, in the mixing chamber 34.
  • the device according to the invention it is possible to obtain a constant ratio of two gases in a mixture of the latter while maintaining a perfect laminar flow of the superposed coaxial layers of these two gases in the device, in particular at the time when the latter are in contact with one another so that no transmission of energy, within the framework of Bernoullis law, takes place in the device, the mixture of the two gases only taking place in the mixing chamber 34 in which are mounted, for example, two inverted pitch helical screws which have not been shown on the drawings.
  • the coefficient of friction on the walls of the annular space 8 supplying the gas originating from the pipe around the jet of the other gas escaping from the nozzle 1, is maintained as constant as possible independently of the rate of the gas passing therein when the flow varres.
  • the stationary film 39 hereinbefore described which is then established, substantially reduces the coefficient of the said friction within the annular space 8 on the outer wall of the nozzle 1 because the coefficient of friction between a stationary layer of a fluid and a mobile layer of the same fluid is far less than that for the same fluid on a solid wall.
  • a similar flange can, of course, be provided on the inner wall of the entry 6 of the nozzle 4.
  • a substantially plane cross-sectional diagram of the rates will then be obtained the form of which, in practice, does not vary within the usual limits of flow of the device, thus ensuring the ratio of the two gases remaining constant.
  • the device according to the invention permits to carry out with a very great accuracy an axial movement of one of the nozzles, under the circumstances the nozzle 1, with reference to the other nozzle in order to adjust the ratio of the two gases.
  • This accuracy permits the maintenance, for a relative position of the two nozzles, of a well defined ratio constant in time for such poition.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment of the device is that in which the drive of the movable nozzle takes place in points symmetrical with reference to the axis, for example in locations diametrically facing one another.
  • FIG. 3 shows a modified form of the device hereinbefore described and enables carrying out the movement of the mobile nozzle in a continuous manner.
  • This embodiment is particularly of interest in order to maintain a constant chemical composition of the mixture of two gases, when the temperature of one at least of the gases varies. Indeed, the variation of the temperature of a gas results in a variation of its density and, consequently, the number of moles passing through the nozzle 1 under the influence of the difference in pressure at the entry of nozzle 1 with reference to the outlet thereof.
  • the ring 1 l is moved by means of a pneumatic or hydraulic servo-motor, not shown in FIG. 3, controlled by an analyser of the gas mixture present at the outlet of the nozzle 4, in the mixing chamber 34, this analyser not having been shown either in FIG. 3.
  • the outer cylindrical surface of the ring 11 is grooved along its generatrices.
  • the servo-motor drives a straight tooth pinion 37 meshing with the grooves of the said cylindrical surface, which thus provide teeth.
  • the cylindrical portion 30 of the nozzle 1 engages nozzle 4 as far as the conical frustrum 28 of the latter as shown in dash lines in FIG. 1.
  • the device does not operate as an injector as, on account of the laminar and parallel flow of the two gases, the doses of which are to be controlled, there is no exchange of energy between such gases, i.e. a drawing of one gas by the other.
  • the length of the whole of the device according to the invention does not vary when the distance between the two nozzles is changed so that its mounting in a supply circuit of an apparatus, for example of a burner, does not present any difficulty.
  • the ring 11 may, in a modified form of the object of the present invention, be freely threaded on the sleeve 12, the driving members 14 and 15 then engaging the threads of the inner screw thread 24 provided in the ring 11.
  • the ring 11 therefore does not move along the axis thereof, when it is made to rotate around the latter in order. to adjust the position of the nozzle 1 with reference to the nozzle 4.
  • a first nozzle adapted to communicate with a first adduction pipe at the upstream end thereof and having a converging portion at the downstream end thereof;
  • a housing defining a chamber which is adapted to communicate with a second adduction pipe, said chamber being shaped so as to enclose the downstream end of said first nozzle and so as to communicate with the entry of said second nozzle;
  • said means comprising:
  • a stationary sleeve (a) provided with an external screw thread, (b) enclosing one of said nozzles in a manner permitting said one of said nozzles to translate inside said stationary sleeve along the axis thereof, and having at least one slot therein which is parallel to said axis and which passes right through said sleeve;
  • At least one ring provided with an internal screw thread, by which it is threadedly interconnected with the external screw thread on said stationary sleeve so as to be movable thereon over said slot in said stationary sleeve, said ring being further provided with an annular recess coaxial with said sleeve and located on the inner face of said ring;
  • a driving member for said one of said nozzles which cooperates with said slot, is secured to the outer wall of said one of said nozzles, and engages freely said annular recess in said ring, whereby said one of said nozzles can be caused to move axially inside the device by making said ring rotate around its axis.
  • a device as claimed in claim 1 wherein said sleeve has at least two such slots located diametrically opposite one another in said sleeve and a like number of driving members for said one of said nozzles cooperating with said slots.
  • a first nozzle adapted to communicate with a first adduction pipe at the upstream end thereof and having a converging portion at the downstream end thereof;
  • a second nozzle coaxial with said first nozzle and having a diverging portion at the upstream end thereof at least the entry of which is of larger internal cross-section than the external cross-section of the downstream portion of said first nozzle, whereby said downstream portion of said first nozzle may be inserted in said entry of said second nozzle;
  • a housing defining a chamber which is adapted to communicate with a second adduction pipe, said chamber being shaped so as to enclose the downstream end of said first nozzle and so as to communicate with the entry of said second nozzle;
  • said means comprising:
  • a first ring provided with an internal screw thread, by which it is threadedly interconnected with the external screw thread on said stationary sleeve so as to be movable thereon over said slot in said stationary sleeve, said first ring being further provided with a graduation on the visible face thereof showing the ratio of the two gases to be mixed in terms of the position of said first ring on said sleeve, said graduation extending close to one of the rims of said sleeve over at least a portion of the periphery thereof;
  • a second ring mounted in a movable manner on said stationary sleeve close to said first ring, whereby the location of said second ring may be adjusted with reference to said first ring, said second ring being provided with a mark line extending parallel to the axis of said sleeve on the visible face thereof;
  • the space bea stationary sleeve (a) provided with an external tween two consecutive graduations of such scale screw thread, (b) enclosing one of said nozzles being equal to the pitch of the internal thread of in a manner permitting said one of said nozzles said first ring, whereby the latter moves by one to translate inside said stationary sleeve along the graduation on the second ring when it completes axis thereof, and (c) having at least one slot one revolution around its axis. therein which is parallel to said axis and which 6.
  • a device for controlling a mixture of two gases passes right through said sleeve; said device comprising: at least one ring provided with an internal screw a first nozzle adapted to communicate with a first adthread, by which it is threadedly interconnected duction pipe at the upstream end thereof and havwith the external screw thread on said stationary ing a converging portion at the downstream end sleeve so as to be movable thereon over said slot thereof, said first nozzle being further provided in said stationary sleeve; and with an outer flange around the outlet thereof the a driving member for said one of said nozzles which upstream wall of which forms an angle with the cooperates with said slot, is secured to the outer outside wall of said first nozzle which is less than or wall of said one of said nozzles, and engages equal to 90", whereby it establishes a stationary gas freely the inner face of said first ring, film extending upstream from said flange over at whereby said nozzle can be caused to move axially inleast

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)
  • Sampling And Sample Adjustment (AREA)
US00227492A 1971-03-17 1972-02-17 Device for controlling a mixture of two gases Expired - Lifetime US3799195A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE764407A BE764407A (fr) 1971-03-17 1971-03-17 Dispositif pour le dosage d'un melange de deux gaz.

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US3799195A true US3799195A (en) 1974-03-26

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US00227492A Expired - Lifetime US3799195A (en) 1971-03-17 1972-02-17 Device for controlling a mixture of two gases

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US (1) US3799195A (enExample)
BE (1) BE764407A (enExample)
DE (1) DE2209812A1 (enExample)
DK (1) DK132720C (enExample)
FR (1) FR2130101B1 (enExample)
GB (1) GB1371698A (enExample)
PL (1) PL88978B1 (enExample)
SU (1) SU469270A3 (enExample)

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US20130142007A1 (en) * 2011-11-16 2013-06-06 Basf Se Injector for a Granular Solid
CN104028153A (zh) * 2014-05-22 2014-09-10 西安交通大学 一种可旋转且带有均匀板的文丘里混合器
EP2863120A1 (de) * 2013-10-16 2015-04-22 Robert Bosch Gmbh Heizgerät mit einem von einem Gebläse unterstützten Brenner
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CN117101997B (zh) * 2023-09-06 2024-02-06 苏州子高科技有限公司 一种用于涂布设备的干燥装置

Also Published As

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FR2130101A1 (enExample) 1972-11-03
DK132720C (da) 1976-06-28
DK132720B (da) 1976-01-26
FR2130101B1 (enExample) 1974-12-13
PL88978B1 (enExample) 1976-10-30
GB1371698A (en) 1974-10-23
BE764407A (fr) 1971-08-16
DE2209812A1 (de) 1972-09-28
SU469270A3 (ru) 1975-04-30

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