US3793016A - Electrophotographic sheet binding process - Google Patents

Electrophotographic sheet binding process Download PDF

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Publication number
US3793016A
US3793016A US00298980A US3793016DA US3793016A US 3793016 A US3793016 A US 3793016A US 00298980 A US00298980 A US 00298980A US 3793016D A US3793016D A US 3793016DA US 3793016 A US3793016 A US 3793016A
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Prior art keywords
binding
toner
sheet
sheets
areas
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US00298980A
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English (en)
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R Eichorn
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Xerox Corp
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Xerox Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42C—BOOKBINDING
    • B42C9/00—Applying glue or adhesive peculiar to bookbinding
    • B42C9/0093—Applying glue or adhesive peculiar to bookbinding by fusing, welding sheets together
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G2215/00—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes
    • G03G2215/00362—Apparatus for electrophotographic processes relating to the copy medium handling
    • G03G2215/00789—Adding properties or qualities to the copy medium
    • G03G2215/00822—Binder, e.g. glueing device
    • G03G2215/00835—Toner binding
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S412/00—Bookbinding: process and apparatus
    • Y10S412/90—Activating previously applied adhesive

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT us CL 96/1 R 96/15 D 117/17 5 Sheet binding where the printing medium itself is the 118 156/591 161/1217 281 sheet binder.
  • high density 355/3 areas of xerographic toner are provided at desired
  • Sufficiently high density toner areas are [58] Field of Se'arch 96/1 R 117/17 provided by inserting a finely apertured optical mask 1 18/637, 281/21R 158/291 adapted to provide edge development effects to maximize overall toner density over the selected binding
  • References Cited area yet which is compatible with solid area coverage machines.
  • PATENTEB FEB I 91974 suset a or 3 Q a a ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC SHEET BINDING PROCESS Sheet binding is one of the oldest known arts, and nu:
  • Fusible xerographic toners have been found to be particularly suitable.
  • fusible (as used herein in connection with the indicia imparting material, such as xerographic toner) is meant a material which in its normal ambient state is non-adhesive (non-tacky), but. is rendered sufficiently tacky for sheet adherence temporarily by heat-or solvent vapors or pressure or some combination thereof.
  • the desired toner material here is one that is refusible, i.e., easily rendered adhesive at least a second time, at any time after its initial fusing;
  • Some examples of fusible and refusible xerographic toner compositions are disclosed in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,609,082; 3,577,345; 3,590,000 and Re. 25,126.
  • Suitable refusible xerographic toners are commercially available world-wide from the Xerox Corporation and its subsidiaries, and are already present: in their existing xerographic machines.
  • This application is directed to a sheet binding process which is particularly suited for electrophotographic apparatus which does not inherently provide good solid area toner coverage, and therefore cannot readily provide a sufficiently high density of toner over a sufficiently wide binding area for good bonding.
  • the method of sheet binding disclosed herein overcomes the structural disadvantages of metal rivets and other penetrating bindings discussed above. It provides strong and sheet tear-resistant bindings having a larger binding area.
  • the method of the invention enables the use of existing electrophotographic toner supply, dispensing, imaging and fusing apparatus without requiring any modifications.
  • the only additional step required for the present process is a simple and non-- critical re-fusing operation which can be performed at any time in conjunction with, or subsequent to, the indicia printing operation, and in any location. This refusing may be accomplished b'yfvarious inexpensive and simple or commercially available apparatus, as described hereinbelow.
  • the present process is particularly suitable for local sheet binding in offices or other existing xerographic machine lo-v cations.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a document of bound sheets in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a magnified cross-sectional, partial view of the binding area taken along the line 22 of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a transparent overlay with an optical mask, retaining an original as shown, for producing binding areas in xerographic copies of the original in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional simplified plan view of an otherwise conventional xer'ographic machine showing several modifications which can be provided thereon for producing the processof the invention
  • FIG. 5 is an enlarged top view of an optical mask which may be utilized in the apparatus of FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view. of an exemplary re-fusing apparatus for the process of the invention, shown with an exemplary stack of sheets inserted therein;
  • FIG. 7 is a simplified top view of the principal operating components within theapparatus of FIG. 6.
  • FIGS. 1-10 Referring to the drawings, there is shown in. FIGS.
  • FIG. 14 some examples of apparatus for performing the sheet binding processes of the invention.
  • various steps of the process can also be sheets 12 are bound only at a binding area 14.
  • Thisbinding area 14 extends in a stripe along, or closely adjacent to, the entire left hand edge of all of the sheets 12 in the stack 10.
  • the binding areas are preferably lo-' cated at the same position on each of the sheets 12, so that with the sheets 12 aligned overlyingone .another, the binding areas 14 are also so aligned.
  • Each binding area 14 is substantially continuously'covered and occupied by a corresponding high density area 16 of fusible xerographic toner 18.
  • each sheet 12 has at least one such high density'area 16.
  • the toner 18 of this high density area 16 is the same toner 18 as provides the indicia 20 on the sheets 12, and it is preferably pro vided in the same step and at the same time as the imaging of the indicia 20.
  • the inter-sheet binding consists solely of the high density areas 16 of toner 18 being commonly fused between immediately adjacent sheets 12 at the binding area 14. lt may be seen that the toner 18, which was initially prefused into the binding areas of the individual sheets 12, is additionally refused into the sheet immediately above or below it. The toner is refused into all of the sheet surfaces in the case of conventional porous paper, as shown, to form a strong interlocking bond.
  • the strength of the inter-sheet bond is a function of the area, deiisity, and degree of fusing of the xerographic toner between adjacent sheets.
  • the inter-sheet bond can be made substantially stronger than'the tear resistance of the sheet material itself. correspondingly however, by reducing one or more of these parameters in the binding process there can be provided an inter-sheet bond which is sufficient to normally retain the sheets together, but yet which allows removal of individual sheets without sheet tearing.
  • a pad type of binding can be provided wherein one or more sheets can be pulled off the stack neatly, with the separation occuring at the respective inter-sheet toner bond.
  • the stack 10 may be additionally bound by conventional staples, rivets or other mechanical fastening means, as shown by exemplary staple-22 in FIG. 1. If done in the binding areas, this provides a binding which is farstronger than such conventional mechanical binding means can provide in themselves. This is because when such mechanical fasteners penetrate the sheets in the stack only within the fused binding areas, they are not limited by their normal stress concentrations and small area sheet strength limitations. The stack area around the area of fastener penetration is bonded together and reinforced by the re-fused. toner and strongly resists sheet tearing as a unit. These advantages similarly apply if apertures through the sheets are desired at the binding areas for ring binding or the like. It will be appreciated that combinations with mechanical fastenings means are not required and thatthe present process can provide sufficient binding strength tobe the sole binding means for permanent binding.
  • the binding area 14 of FIGS. 1 and 2 is a contiguous single edge binding area. However, it will be appreciated that the binding area may be in only one corner of the sheets, for example, or there may be several separate binding areas rather than a'single one.
  • FIG. 4 there is shown therein by way of example, one type of conventional xerographie apparatus.
  • the process of'the invention may be performed thereon utilizing this apparatus in its conventional mode of operationrThus, an indicia bearing original 24 here is conventionally optically imaged onto a charged photoreceptor surface 26 to form an electrostatic image of said indicia thereon;
  • This electrostatic indicia image is conventionallydeveloped by attracting an electrostatically attractable and fusible xerographic toner-l8 to said electrostatic image, which attracted toner' 1 .8. is then.- fused ontothe desired copysheets. 12.
  • As is well known, in certain.
  • the charged photoreceptor is integralthe copy sheet.
  • 'l he fusing of all of the toner l'8'onto the copy sheet is accomplished by a conventional fusing operation 30 in the xerographic apparatus.
  • the completed image copy sheets 12 are then deposited at the output in acatch tray 32 or other suitable sheet receptor which provides assembly of the copy sheetsin an overlying'stackedunir form relationship.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates an optical mask 34 which functions as an overlay to the indicia bearing original during imaging in the apparatus of FIG. 4, or other xerographic apparatus.
  • the optical mask 34 is provided by an opaque area 36 on an otherwise fully transparent clear plastic jacket 38 into which the original 24 is simply inserted. This jacket does not obstruct indicia imaging of the original, unlike the half tone jackets in use for breaking up indicia areas for xerographic reproduction.
  • the opaque area 36 corresponds in proportion, size, location and area to the desired bindingv area 14 on the copy sheet. (With a one to one reduction it will be identical.) l.e., the opticalmask 34 is dimensioned so as to provide a high density binding area 16 of toner on the copy sheet of the dimensions previously discussed.
  • the opaque area 36 is located on the side of the jacket 38 which is'between the original and the photoreceptor, i.e., in the optical path therebetween, and outside of the indicia area.
  • the mask provides in itself a very high contrast multiplicity of closely spaced alternating light and dark images to the photoreceptor. This additional image is in addition to the electrostatic indicia image, and is formed at the same time and by the same apparatus.
  • the high density area 16 of toner is attracted to the additional minor image area and additionally imparted to the copy sheet at the binding area 14.
  • This additional toner area is fused along with the indicia in the conventional fusing operation 30.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 illustrate a different type of optical masking operation to achieve the same result of forming'the high density area 16 of toner at the binding area 14.
  • This optical mask 40 is shown in an enlarged top view in FIG. 5, and in position in a side view in FIG. 4.
  • the exemplary mask 40 is a plate reciprocally movable in and out of the optical path between the original 24 and the photoreceptor at one edge thereof. When so inserted, it functions in the same manner as described above for the optical mask 34. It may be inserted manually or by an automatic apparatus such as the electrical solenoid 42 shown.
  • both the optical masks 34 and 40 should be finely optically apertured if good toner binding is to be achieved in the many xerographic machines that do not provide solid area development. That is, the optical masks are preferably made up of a multiplicity of small opaque areas separated by small transparent spaces in between.
  • the optical mask is preferably made up of a multiplicity of closely spaced opaque lines. Preferably these lines are approximately 0.05 to 3.2 millimeters (0.00210 /8 inch) wide and are spaced apart by approximately 0.05 millimeters (0.002 to 0.003 inches or slightly greater), whereas the entire band is preferably wider than approximately 6.35 millimeters (A inch).
  • This band width can provide good binding with the process herein even in xerographic machines with edge development and poor solid area toner coverage.
  • a solid toner band as narrow as 3.2 millimeters (Vs inch) can provide a sufficient binding area.
  • an apertured optical mask takes advantage of, and utilizes for the purpose of the invention, the phenomenonof edge development in electrophotography. This phenomenon per se is well discussed in the previously cited text references and accordingly need not be discussed herein.
  • the result of a mask of this apertured configuration with edge development is a much higner toner concentration over what would otherwise be the hollow (low toner) interior of solid areas.
  • a much higher overall toner density, and much better bond is provided in the desired binding areas than would be provided by a solid area mask.
  • Closely spaced dots in these dimensions and spacings rather than lines may also be used for the same purpose, although lines, are preferred.
  • An alternative method by which the desired optical mask may be provided in the path between the original and the photoreceptor is to simply preprint a finely apertured dark area on the original.
  • the copy sheets themselves may be preprinted with sufficient toner in the desired binding areas.
  • the sheets are assembled together in a directly overlying relationship in a position in which they are to be bound. It is not essential that all of the'binding areasdireetly overlie one another although this is preferable.
  • an exemplary pair of pressure platens or dies 46 and 48 located at the lower end of the catch tray where one edge of the sheets commonly abuts a stack stop-They comprise here one fixed heated platen 46 and one movable heated platen 48, located respectively at opposite sides of the stack 10.
  • the platens 46 and 48 provide re-fusing for binding between adjacent sheets by heating the stack at the binding area 14 sufficient to render. the high toner density area 16 on the sheets (only at the binding areas) sufficiently tacky to adhere between adjacent sheets, while simultaneously pressing the binding areas 14 together under pressure between the platens 46 and 48.
  • platen 48 is moved with pressure down against the top to adhere to the next adjacent sheet for each of the number of sheets being bound.
  • the stack 10 is further held between the dies for a time period after the heating is terminated sufficiently to allow the toner to substantially re-solidify by cooling.
  • the platens 46 and 48 are shown here with schematic representations of conventional electrical heating coils in the platen surface to provide the re-fusing heat. However, it will be appreciated that numerous other fusing means and processes may be utilized including those described in the above-cited references.
  • the refusing process may be repeated for each individual sheet to be bound.
  • One way this may be accomplished is for the binding area of the uppermost sheet in the stack to be radiant heated to maintain the toner therein sufficiently adhesive, the next sheet for the stack to be individually placed on the stack with a binding area contacting the stack, and this single additional sheet to be bound to the stack by downward movement of the platen in synchronism with the addition of the sheet.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 illustrate the exterior and interior details respectively of afurther exemplary apparatus 52 for performing the final re-fusing step for binding described above.
  • the apparatus 52 is designed to accept the stack 10 of sheets 12 vertically downwardly therein and to align the lower edges thereof for binding as a single bound stack.
  • this may be accomplished by a relatively simple apparatus 52 comprising a stationary platen 54 operated against by an opposing moving platen 56.
  • the moving platen 56 is driven under pressure to compress together the binding areas 14 of the stack 10 by a rotatably driven cam 58.
  • the cam 58 causes a cam follower 59 to reciprocate, and it in turn moves the moving platen 56 through coil compression springs 60.
  • the springs 60 restrict the amount of force which can be applied to the moving platen 56, and thereby prevent jamming of the machine.
  • an increased thickness of the stack 10 will cause greater compression of the springs 60 and therefore a desired greater compression force to be applied to the stack.
  • Electrical heating elements as shown may also be provided here to heat the platens. Additional heating means can also be provided in the bottom surface against which the stack abuts. 1
  • the above described apparatus 52 is for the purpose of providing the application of both heat and pressure for stack binding. It will be appreciated that depending on the type of xerographic toner selected, that pressure I alone may be suflicient, or that vapor or other known fusing methods may be provided. It will also be appreciated that numerous other apparatus may be utilized, such as pressure dies in the form of continuous rollers, etc. Further, pressure can be, but need not necessarily be, applied before, while, or after the toner is heated.
  • any type of original image indicia may be utilized with the present process, whether hard copy, microfilm, microfiche, graphic,.or alpha numeric, since the binding process does not interfere in any way with normal indicia imaging or printing except at the selected binding areas.
  • almost any copy paper may be utilized.
  • the present process may be utilized to provide bound demand-printed paper copies of microfilm reports, texts or the like. It is especially suitable for direct on-line binding of pre-collated output sets from high' speed machines.
  • the additional image area for toner binding can be provided by additional light sources imaged through apertures corresponding to the abovedescribed masks.
  • either one or both of the immediately adjacent (overlying) binding areas may have the pre-fused toner binder areas thereon. If both adjacent surfaces have high densitytoner areas 16, this will give an even stronger bond since more binding toner 18 is available in the inter-sheet space, and also since deeper toner penetration of both sheets may have been provided in the original fusing in this manner.
  • binding areas at both sheet edges may be particularly desirable in the case of duplex or pseudoduplex copying where the desired binding areas may be at alternating sides of the respective sheets.
  • pseudoduplex output format where two sheet folds of material are bound together at every other fold line to provide the individual duplex pages, it may be desirable to place the binding areas on both sides of both edges of each sheet.
  • stacks 10 can be simultaneously bound by a modification of the process herein.
  • a large common assemblage of all the sheets for several'stacks can be formed, interspersed with one or more sheets having no adjacent inter-sheet binding area thereon. These interspersed sheets are located between the desired individual bound stacks.
  • the entire assemblage can then be subjected to the toner re-fusing step.
  • the interspersing sheets will prevent inter-sheet binding to themselves,
  • these interspersed non-binding sheets can be provided by the last sheet of one stack and the first sheet of the next stack having no binding areas on their outward facing surfaces, which is also desirable esthetically. This elimination of binding areas on selected sheet surfaces can be provided automatically, for example, by programmed actuation of the solenoid 42 to remove the imaging light mask 40 for preselected sheets.
  • sheet as used in the specification and claims herein is defined (conventionally) as including both individual cut sheets and also sheet segments ofcontinuous web or fan fold or accordian fold paper or the like, whether burst or unburst.
  • the subject method is applicable to those machines in which the paper is roll fed and is cut or folded into its individual sheets only after the toner has been applied and first fused into the binding areas.
  • optically forming an intense electrostatic charge image over at least one selected minor area of said photoreceptor by applying a multiplicity of small closely spaced alternating high contrast light and dark images to said photoreceptor over said minor area of said photoreceptor;

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  • Folding Of Thin Sheet-Like Materials, Special Discharging Devices, And Others (AREA)
  • Control Or Security For Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Paper Feeding For Electrophotography (AREA)
US00298980A 1972-10-19 1972-10-19 Electrophotographic sheet binding process Expired - Lifetime US3793016A (en)

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Cited By (38)

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DE2608411A1 (de) * 1975-03-24 1976-10-14 Xerox Corp Automatisches dokumentfuehrungssystem
US4087168A (en) * 1976-01-19 1978-05-02 Xerox Corporation Charging system for electrostatic reproduction machine
US4194832A (en) * 1977-12-30 1980-03-25 Toppan Printing Co., Ltd. Consecutive copying and bookbinding method and its apparatus
EP0015153A1 (en) * 1979-02-22 1980-09-03 EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY (a New Jersey corporation) Binding apparatus and method
US4398986A (en) * 1979-02-22 1983-08-16 Eastman Kodak Company Binding method
WO1983004215A1 (en) * 1982-05-24 1983-12-08 Eastman Kodak Company Sheet-binding apparatus
WO1984000705A1 (en) * 1982-08-09 1984-03-01 Baxter Travenol Lab Composite package and solventless assembly thereof
WO1984002496A1 (en) * 1982-12-27 1984-07-05 Albert E Holmberg Prefabricated bindable sheet and binding method and apparatus
US4526803A (en) * 1983-06-20 1985-07-02 Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. Transparentizing
US4540458A (en) * 1982-05-24 1985-09-10 Eastman Kodak Company Adhesive binding method for seriatim fed sheets
US4586640A (en) * 1984-08-21 1986-05-06 Xerox Corporation Printing machine finishing station
US4603971A (en) * 1984-09-17 1986-08-05 Xerox Corporation Finisher mode switching
US4908663A (en) * 1988-05-13 1990-03-13 Konica Corporation Toner density control and a binding margin by index board image
US5014092A (en) * 1988-06-04 1991-05-07 Minolta Camera Co., Ltd. Image forming apparatus with a binding function
EP0390733A3 (de) * 1989-03-30 1991-05-08 Ferag AG Verfahren zum Verbinden von Papierlagen
EP0486852A1 (en) * 1990-10-29 1992-05-27 Mita Industrial Co., Ltd. Image forming apparatus equipped with a binding unit
US5140380A (en) * 1989-11-09 1992-08-18 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Image forming apparatus with book binding mechanism
US5350268A (en) * 1989-03-30 1994-09-27 Mueller Erwin Method for joining paper layers
US5531429A (en) * 1995-03-29 1996-07-02 National Computer Systems, Inc. Variable printing and selective binding of booklets
US6056843A (en) * 1993-12-29 2000-05-02 Kira Corporation Sheet lamination modeling method and sheet lamination modeling apparatus
EP1057654A3 (en) * 1999-05-26 2001-07-04 Hewlett-Packard Company, A Delaware Corporation Binding sheet media using imaging material
US6413360B1 (en) * 1993-12-29 2002-07-02 Kira Corporation Sheet lamination modeling apparatus
US6459880B1 (en) * 2000-11-28 2002-10-01 Xerox Corporation Document creating system including a film for bonding the document together
US6474388B2 (en) * 2000-01-11 2002-11-05 Hewlett-Packard Company Apparatus for binding sheet media
US6601840B2 (en) * 2001-08-09 2003-08-05 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Post print finishing device with imaging material binder
US6622999B1 (en) * 1999-05-25 2003-09-23 Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd Printed media binder
US6712924B2 (en) * 2000-02-20 2004-03-30 Silverbrook Research Pty Ltd Generating bound documents
US20050116991A1 (en) * 2002-04-12 2005-06-02 Kia Silverbrook Thermoelastic inkjet actuator with head conductive pathways
US20110287357A1 (en) * 2010-05-24 2011-11-24 Kwarta Brian J Electrophotographic print binding method
WO2011149643A1 (en) 2010-05-24 2011-12-01 Eastman Kodak Company Electrophotographic print binding method and system
WO2011149612A1 (en) 2010-05-24 2011-12-01 Eastman Kodak Company Electrophotographic print binding system
US20140072388A1 (en) * 2012-09-07 2014-03-13 Ricoh Company, Limited Sheet post-processing apparatus, image forming system, and sheet binding method
US8702127B2 (en) 2012-09-26 2014-04-22 Eastman Kodak Company Making bound document having fastener and spacer
US20140121092A1 (en) * 2012-10-31 2014-05-01 II Roland R. Schindler Z-folding three-dimensional-structure former
US8870228B2 (en) 2012-09-26 2014-10-28 Eastman Kodak Company Bound document having binding strip with spacer
US8904932B2 (en) 2012-07-26 2014-12-09 Eastman Kodak Company Producing bound document having inner cover sheet
US9248619B2 (en) 2012-10-31 2016-02-02 Eastman Kodak Company Forming three-dimensional structure from receiver
US9296170B2 (en) 2012-10-31 2016-03-29 Eastman Kodak Company Three-dimensional-structure former

Families Citing this family (3)

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CH610547A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1975-05-12 1979-04-30 Gen Binding Corp
JPH0679955B2 (ja) * 1987-08-07 1994-10-12 キヤノン株式会社 情報受信装置
JP2015028592A (ja) * 2013-07-02 2015-02-12 株式会社リコー 画像形成システム

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US3671121A (en) * 1970-08-05 1972-06-20 Eastman Kodak Co Exposure device for controlling charge on a portion of a charged surface bordering an image frame projected on the charged surface
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GB212394A (en) * 1923-01-15 1924-03-13 Arthur Richard May Improvements in and relating to bookbinding and filing papers
US2324834A (en) * 1941-08-21 1943-07-20 Gurwick Irving Method of making printed signatures
US3519819A (en) * 1967-10-09 1970-07-07 Eastman Kodak Co Electrophotographic image receiving element with means to space said element from an image bearing surface during image transfer
US3556655A (en) * 1968-01-22 1971-01-19 Addressograph Multigraph Photoelectrostatic copying machine
US3692606A (en) * 1969-03-28 1972-09-19 Ransburg Electro Coating Corp Method of electrostatically depositing particles onto the trailing edge of a substrate
US3532494A (en) * 1969-09-08 1970-10-06 Gopal C Bhagat Solid area development in xerography employing an insulating screen in the charging step
US3671121A (en) * 1970-08-05 1972-06-20 Eastman Kodak Co Exposure device for controlling charge on a portion of a charged surface bordering an image frame projected on the charged surface
US3687538A (en) * 1970-09-03 1972-08-29 Xerox Corp Apparatus for exposing latent image margins in electrophotographic copying apparatus

Cited By (64)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2608411A1 (de) * 1975-03-24 1976-10-14 Xerox Corp Automatisches dokumentfuehrungssystem
US4087168A (en) * 1976-01-19 1978-05-02 Xerox Corporation Charging system for electrostatic reproduction machine
US4194832A (en) * 1977-12-30 1980-03-25 Toppan Printing Co., Ltd. Consecutive copying and bookbinding method and its apparatus
EP0015153A1 (en) * 1979-02-22 1980-09-03 EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY (a New Jersey corporation) Binding apparatus and method
US4343673A (en) * 1979-02-22 1982-08-10 Eastman Kodak Company Binding apparatus and method
US4398986A (en) * 1979-02-22 1983-08-16 Eastman Kodak Company Binding method
WO1983004215A1 (en) * 1982-05-24 1983-12-08 Eastman Kodak Company Sheet-binding apparatus
US4473425A (en) * 1982-05-24 1984-09-25 Eastman Kodak Company Binding apparatus and method
US4540458A (en) * 1982-05-24 1985-09-10 Eastman Kodak Company Adhesive binding method for seriatim fed sheets
WO1984000705A1 (en) * 1982-08-09 1984-03-01 Baxter Travenol Lab Composite package and solventless assembly thereof
WO1984002496A1 (en) * 1982-12-27 1984-07-05 Albert E Holmberg Prefabricated bindable sheet and binding method and apparatus
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JPS4995628A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-09-11
CA1020217A (en) 1977-11-01

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