US3788994A - Pressure fixable electrostatagraphic toner - Google Patents

Pressure fixable electrostatagraphic toner Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3788994A
US3788994A US00214374A US3788994DA US3788994A US 3788994 A US3788994 A US 3788994A US 00214374 A US00214374 A US 00214374A US 3788994D A US3788994D A US 3788994DA US 3788994 A US3788994 A US 3788994A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
toner
shell
encapsulated
particles
pressure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00214374A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
R Wellman
R Crystal
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Xerox Corp
Original Assignee
Xerox Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Xerox Corp filed Critical Xerox Corp
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3788994A publication Critical patent/US3788994A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/093—Encapsulated toner particles
    • G03G9/09307—Encapsulated toner particles specified by the shell material
    • G03G9/09314—Macromolecular compounds
    • G03G9/09321—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
    • B01J13/02—Making microcapsules or microballoons
    • B01J13/025—Applications of microcapsules not provided for in other subclasses
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J13/00—Colloid chemistry, e.g. the production of colloidal materials or their solutions, not otherwise provided for; Making microcapsules or microballoons
    • B01J13/02—Making microcapsules or microballoons
    • B01J13/06—Making microcapsules or microballoons by phase separation
    • B01J13/12—Making microcapsules or microballoons by phase separation removing solvent from the wall-forming material solution
    • B01J13/125—Making microcapsules or microballoons by phase separation removing solvent from the wall-forming material solution by evaporation of the solvent
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/093—Encapsulated toner particles
    • G03G9/0935—Encapsulated toner particles specified by the core material
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G9/00—Developers
    • G03G9/08—Developers with toner particles
    • G03G9/093—Encapsulated toner particles
    • G03G9/0935—Encapsulated toner particles specified by the core material
    • G03G9/09357—Macromolecular compounds
    • G03G9/09371—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds

Definitions

  • an encapsulated electrostatographic toner material which can be pressure fixed would be desirable and advantageous since unencapsulated materials which undergo cold flow tend to form tacky images on the copy sheet which often offset to other adjacent sheets. Toner particles containing unencapsulated materials which undergo cold flow tend to bridge, cake and block during production and in the shipping container as Well as in the electrostatographic imaging machine. Also, the toner material should be capable of accepting a charge of the correct polarity such as when brought into rubbing contact with the surface of carrier materials in cascade, magnetic brush or touchdown development systems. Some toner materials which possess many properties which would be desirable in electrostatographic toners dispense poorly and cannot be used in automatic copying and duplicating machines. Other toners dispense well but form images which are characterized by low density, poor resolution, or high background. Further, some toners are unsuitable for processes were electrostatic transfer is employed.
  • the toner may comprise a black pigment such as carbon black or a black dye such as Amaplast Black dye, available from National Aniline Products, Incorporated.
  • a black pigment such as carbon black or a black dye such as Amaplast Black dye, available from National Aniline Products, Incorporated.
  • the pigment is employed in an amount from about 3 percent to about 20 percent by weight based on the total weight of the colored toner because better images are obtained. If the colorant employed is a dye, substantially smaller quantities of colorant may be used.
  • Stick point, blocking test, and examination of crushed particles with the scanning electron microscope all indicate that the shell is principally polystyrene and the core principally the reaction product of isopropylidenediphenoxypropanol and adipic acid and carbon black.
  • About 1 part by weight of the encapsulated toner particles Were mixed with about 99.parts by weight of 250 micron glass carrier beads and substituted for the developer in the testing machine described in Example I. Under substantially identical test conditions, except that the prints made were pressure fixed Without the assistance of heat, the degree of fix obtained was found to be about 4.4 Taber Cycles at 300 p.l.i. of pressure and about 9.7 Taber Cycles at 500 p.l.i. of pressure.
  • carbon black is dispersed in the solution by severe agitation.
  • the final concentrations are about 1.2 percent polystyrene, about 1.8 percent reaction product of isopropylidenediphenoxypropanol and sebacic acid, about 0.2 percent carbon black, and about 96.8 percent solvent.
  • the solution, with dispersed carbon black is spray dried using a Bowen Engineering, Incorporated, five foot diameter spray dryer with a spinning disk atomizer operating at about 50,000 r.p.m. and a feed rate of about 200 ml./ minute. Drying air inlet temperature is about 136 F. and outlet air temperature is about 107 F.
  • the dry product is a powder of about 7.9 micron diameter volume average particle size with a geometric standard deviation of about 1.75.
  • Electron and/ or optical microscope examination shows the individual particles to be primarily spherical and to have a pigmented core surrounded by a substantially clear shell.
  • Stick point, blocking tests and examination of crushed particles with the scanning electron microscope all indicate that the shell is principally polystyrene and the core principally the reaction product of isopropylidenediphenoxypropanol and sebacic acid and carbon black.
  • About 1 part by weight of the encap sulated toner particles were mixed with about 99 parts by weight of 250 micron glass carrier beads and substituted for the developer in the testing machine described in Example I. Under substantially identical test conditions, except that the prints made were pressure fixed without the assistance of heat, the degree of fix obtained was about 6.0 Taber Cycles at 400 p.l.i.
  • Example XVIII An encapsulated toner material is prepared from a solution comprising about 1600 grams of a polystyrene (PS2) and about 1600 grams of the reaction product of isopropylidenediphenoxypropanol and sebacic acid having a number average molecular weight of about 2230 in a mixture of chloroform and cyclohexane at a 1:3 chloroformzcyclohexane volume ratio.
  • a carbon black is dispersed in the solution by severe agitation.
  • the final concentrations are about 4.75 percent polystyrene, about 4.75 percent reaction product of isopropylidenediphenoxypropanol and sebacic acid, about 0.5 percent carbon black, and about 90.0 percent solvent.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Micro-Capsules (AREA)
US00214374A 1971-12-30 1971-12-30 Pressure fixable electrostatagraphic toner Expired - Lifetime US3788994A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US21437471A 1971-12-30 1971-12-30

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3788994A true US3788994A (en) 1974-01-29

Family

ID=22798846

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00214374A Expired - Lifetime US3788994A (en) 1971-12-30 1971-12-30 Pressure fixable electrostatagraphic toner

Country Status (12)

Country Link
US (1) US3788994A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS548104B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AR (1) AR200575A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE793247A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BR (1) BR7208648D0 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA985943A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2261969C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
ES (1) ES410212A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2167021A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1406687A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
IT (1) IT973323B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL7217770A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USB422399I5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1971-12-30 1975-01-28
US3903320A (en) * 1974-01-03 1975-09-02 Xerox Corp Electrostatographic development method for pressure fixable toners
US3965022A (en) * 1973-06-29 1976-06-22 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Pressure-fixable developing powder
US4013572A (en) * 1974-10-07 1977-03-22 Xerox Corporation Hybrid fix system incorporating photodegradable polymers
US4108653A (en) * 1976-07-05 1978-08-22 Oce-Van Der Grinten N.V. Pressure-fixable toner powder with a thermoplastic polyethylene binder
US4133774A (en) * 1977-09-29 1979-01-09 Reprographic Materials, Inc. Process for preparing direct imaging pressure fixable magnetic toners
US4175962A (en) * 1976-03-22 1979-11-27 Rank Xerox, Ltd. Electrostatographic toner material
US4186003A (en) * 1974-10-07 1980-01-29 Xerox Corporation Hybrid fix system incorporating photodegradable polymers
US4265994A (en) * 1978-07-18 1981-05-05 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Pressure fixable capsule toner
US4288519A (en) * 1977-02-28 1981-09-08 Black Copy Company, Inc. Dual purpose electrophotographic magnetic toner and process of making
US4345013A (en) * 1977-02-28 1982-08-17 Black Copy Company, Inc. Dual purpose magnetic toner
US4386147A (en) * 1974-04-10 1983-05-31 Konishiroku Photo Industry Co., Ltd. Toner for developing electrostatic latent images
WO1984004975A1 (en) * 1983-06-10 1984-12-20 Kema Nord Ab Method for preparing an electrophotographic toner
US4517273A (en) * 1978-11-09 1985-05-14 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Pressure fixable capsule toner
US4565764A (en) * 1982-09-10 1986-01-21 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Microcapsule toner and process of making same
US4581312A (en) * 1983-09-09 1986-04-08 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Pressure-fixable capsule toner comprising pressure fixable core material and vinyl polymer shell material
US4599289A (en) * 1982-05-27 1986-07-08 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Pressure-fixable encapsulated toner
US4656111A (en) * 1983-04-12 1987-04-07 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Pressure-fixable toner comprising combination of a compound having hydrocarbon chain and a compound having amino group
EP0211583A3 (en) * 1985-08-09 1988-08-24 Xerox Corporation Encapsulated colour toner compositions
US4952477A (en) * 1988-08-12 1990-08-28 Xerox Corporation Toner and developer compositions with semicrystalline polyolefin resins
US4977052A (en) * 1981-04-30 1990-12-11 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Electro-statographic toner material
US5049469A (en) * 1989-12-27 1991-09-17 Eastman Kodak Company Toner image pressure transfer method and toner useful therefor
US5162189A (en) * 1989-12-27 1992-11-10 Eastman Kodak Company Toner image pressure transfer method and toner useful therefor
US5215854A (en) * 1988-10-05 1993-06-01 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Process for producing microcapsule toner
US5466556A (en) * 1993-05-14 1995-11-14 Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Photosensitive microencapsulated toner
US5470683A (en) * 1993-07-28 1995-11-28 Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Photosensitive microcapsule toner
US5536612A (en) * 1993-03-10 1996-07-16 Kao Corporation Encapsulated toner for heat-and-pressure fixing and method for production thereof
US6635398B1 (en) 1999-10-26 2003-10-21 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Dry toner, dry toner production process, and image forming method

Families Citing this family (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA1062946A (en) * 1974-12-19 1979-09-25 Xerox Corporation Electrostatographic pressure-fixable toner composition
US4052325A (en) 1974-12-23 1977-10-04 Eastman Kodak Company Liquid electrographic developer composition containing redispersible polyester toner and process
JPS51104829A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1975-03-13 1976-09-17 Ricoh Kk
JPS51119231A (en) * 1975-04-04 1976-10-19 Ricoh Co Ltd Pressure-fixing micro-capsule toner
JPS5838781B2 (ja) * 1975-04-22 1983-08-25 株式会社リコー 加圧定着性マイクロカプセルトナ−の製造法
NL7508056A (nl) * 1975-07-07 1977-01-11 Oce Van Der Grinten Nv Tonerpoeder voor het ontwikkelen van elektro- statische beelden.
US4206247A (en) * 1977-06-08 1980-06-03 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Electrophotographic process
GB1569657A (en) * 1977-06-16 1980-06-18 Mcgauley P Production of sorbents and purification of gases containing sulphur
JPS5443029A (en) * 1977-09-10 1979-04-05 Ricoh Co Ltd Pressure fixing toner
GB2018448B (en) * 1978-03-06 1982-09-02 Canon Kk Pressure fixable toner
JPS5518665A (en) * 1978-07-27 1980-02-08 Canon Inc Pressure-fixable capsule toner
JPS5692545A (en) * 1979-12-26 1981-07-27 Minolta Camera Co Ltd Electrophotographic developing agent and developing method
FR2501059B1 (fr) * 1981-03-09 1986-04-11 Printex Sa Procede d'obtention de microcapsules isodiametrales a diametre regle
DE3208635C2 (de) * 1981-03-10 1986-11-20 Canon K.K., Tokio/Tokyo Elektrofotografischer Entwickler und Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
SE447032B (sv) * 1981-12-10 1986-10-20 Casco Nobel Ab Tonarepartiklar samt forfarande for framstellning av tonarpartiklarna
JPS62212665A (ja) * 1986-03-14 1987-09-18 Toppan Moore Co Ltd カプセルトナ−
US5567567A (en) * 1993-11-05 1996-10-22 Kao Corporation Method for producing encapsulated toner for heat-and-pressure fixing and encapsulated toner obtained thereby
DE69519758T2 (de) * 1994-03-09 2001-08-02 Kao Corp., Tokio/Tokyo Kapseltoner für Wärme- und Druckfixierung

Cited By (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3928656A (en) * 1971-12-30 1975-12-23 Xerox Corp Method of developing electrostatic latent images with pressure sensitive toner
USB422399I5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1971-12-30 1975-01-28
US3965022A (en) * 1973-06-29 1976-06-22 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Pressure-fixable developing powder
US3903320A (en) * 1974-01-03 1975-09-02 Xerox Corp Electrostatographic development method for pressure fixable toners
US4386147A (en) * 1974-04-10 1983-05-31 Konishiroku Photo Industry Co., Ltd. Toner for developing electrostatic latent images
US4486524A (en) * 1974-04-10 1984-12-04 Konishiroku Photo Industry Co., Ltd. Toner for developing electrostatic latent images comprising a resin having specified molecular weight parameters
US4013572A (en) * 1974-10-07 1977-03-22 Xerox Corporation Hybrid fix system incorporating photodegradable polymers
US4186003A (en) * 1974-10-07 1980-01-29 Xerox Corporation Hybrid fix system incorporating photodegradable polymers
US4175962A (en) * 1976-03-22 1979-11-27 Rank Xerox, Ltd. Electrostatographic toner material
US4108653A (en) * 1976-07-05 1978-08-22 Oce-Van Der Grinten N.V. Pressure-fixable toner powder with a thermoplastic polyethylene binder
US4288519A (en) * 1977-02-28 1981-09-08 Black Copy Company, Inc. Dual purpose electrophotographic magnetic toner and process of making
US4345013A (en) * 1977-02-28 1982-08-17 Black Copy Company, Inc. Dual purpose magnetic toner
US4133774A (en) * 1977-09-29 1979-01-09 Reprographic Materials, Inc. Process for preparing direct imaging pressure fixable magnetic toners
US4265994A (en) * 1978-07-18 1981-05-05 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Pressure fixable capsule toner
US4517273A (en) * 1978-11-09 1985-05-14 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Pressure fixable capsule toner
US4977052A (en) * 1981-04-30 1990-12-11 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Electro-statographic toner material
US4599289A (en) * 1982-05-27 1986-07-08 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Pressure-fixable encapsulated toner
US4565764A (en) * 1982-09-10 1986-01-21 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Microcapsule toner and process of making same
US4656111A (en) * 1983-04-12 1987-04-07 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Pressure-fixable toner comprising combination of a compound having hydrocarbon chain and a compound having amino group
WO1984004975A1 (en) * 1983-06-10 1984-12-20 Kema Nord Ab Method for preparing an electrophotographic toner
US4581312A (en) * 1983-09-09 1986-04-08 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Pressure-fixable capsule toner comprising pressure fixable core material and vinyl polymer shell material
EP0211583A3 (en) * 1985-08-09 1988-08-24 Xerox Corporation Encapsulated colour toner compositions
US4952477A (en) * 1988-08-12 1990-08-28 Xerox Corporation Toner and developer compositions with semicrystalline polyolefin resins
US5215854A (en) * 1988-10-05 1993-06-01 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Process for producing microcapsule toner
US5049469A (en) * 1989-12-27 1991-09-17 Eastman Kodak Company Toner image pressure transfer method and toner useful therefor
US5162189A (en) * 1989-12-27 1992-11-10 Eastman Kodak Company Toner image pressure transfer method and toner useful therefor
US5536612A (en) * 1993-03-10 1996-07-16 Kao Corporation Encapsulated toner for heat-and-pressure fixing and method for production thereof
US5466556A (en) * 1993-05-14 1995-11-14 Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Photosensitive microencapsulated toner
US5470683A (en) * 1993-07-28 1995-11-28 Brother Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Photosensitive microcapsule toner
US6635398B1 (en) 1999-10-26 2003-10-21 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Dry toner, dry toner production process, and image forming method

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES410212A1 (es) 1976-04-01
CA985943A (en) 1976-03-23
FR2167021A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-08-17
GB1406687A (en) 1975-09-17
JPS548104B2 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1979-04-12
DE2261969A1 (de) 1973-07-05
DE2261969C3 (de) 1979-03-29
BR7208648D0 (pt) 1973-09-27
BE793247A (fr) 1973-06-22
IT973323B (it) 1974-06-10
DE2261969B2 (de) 1978-07-27
AR200575A1 (es) 1974-11-22
NL7217770A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-07-03
JPS4875032A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1973-10-09

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