US3782335A - Heat exchanger for liquid at overpressure - Google Patents

Heat exchanger for liquid at overpressure Download PDF

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Publication number
US3782335A
US3782335A US00287571A US3782335DA US3782335A US 3782335 A US3782335 A US 3782335A US 00287571 A US00287571 A US 00287571A US 3782335D A US3782335D A US 3782335DA US 3782335 A US3782335 A US 3782335A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
chamber
valve means
small chamber
heat exchanger
gas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00287571A
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English (en)
Inventor
B Hecktor
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gustavsbergs Fabriker AB
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Gustavsbergs Fabriker AB
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Publication date
Application filed by Gustavsbergs Fabriker AB filed Critical Gustavsbergs Fabriker AB
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Publication of US3782335A publication Critical patent/US3782335A/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/18—Water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/20—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes
    • F24H1/201—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes using electric energy supply
    • F24H1/202—Water-storage heaters with immersed heating elements, e.g. electric elements or furnace tubes using electric energy supply with resistances
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/0005—Details for water heaters
    • F24H9/001—Guiding means
    • F24H9/0015—Guiding means in water channels
    • F24H9/0021—Sleeves surrounding heating elements or heating pipes, e.g. pipes filled with heat transfer fluid, for guiding heated liquid

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A heat exchanger for liquid under pressure in which a casing is divided by a partition into large and small chambers, with a heat surface being located within the small chamber and the chambers being in communication via an opening.
  • the upper portion of the partition is provided with a valve means for conducting gas from the small chamberto the large chamber, with the valve means being so constructed that the difference in pressure between the gas-filled upper portion of the small chamber and the corresponding level in the large chamber, and which pressure arises upon the openingof an outflow valve for the outlet of the large chamber, is sufficient for pressing at least a part of the gas included in the small chamber out through the valve member.
  • the heat transferring surface usually is an electric immersion heater, but it may also be, for example, a distance heating coil. Owing to the deposits on the electric immersion heater, the heater is destroyed within a short time by burning due to overheating, while deposits on a distance heating coil bring about a decrease in the heat transfer effect.
  • One way of reducing the aforesaid disadvantages is by means of a partition wall to divide the volume of the heat exchanger into a large chamber and a small chamber which are separated from each other by a thin partition wall having a large surface, and in which the surface which supplies heat to the apparatus, i.e.
  • the primary heat surface is placed in the small chamber.
  • the small chamber and the large chamber communicate with each other via an opening preferably arranged below the uppermost portion of the primary heat surface.
  • the liquid in the small chamber and in the large chamber thereby have the same pressure.
  • the pressure is normally up to about 9 gauge pressure. At this pressure the solubility of air aha other gases in water is of the magnitude 0.2 liter gas of atmospheric pressure per liter water.
  • the pressure in the heat exchanger may drop to about 0.5 gauge pressure, at which the solubility of gas only is about 0.05 liter air per liter water, so that a great gas quantity goes off in the form of gas bubbles and is collected as a gas cushion in the uppermost portion of the small chamber,
  • the size of the gas cushion is about 1.5 liter at 0.5 gauge pressure, and this water volume thus is pressed out of the small chamber into the large chamber.
  • the pressure again rises to 9 gauge pressure whereby the gas cushion in the first hand is compressed to a volume of about 0.25 liter, and 1.25 liter fresh water passes from the large chamber into the small chamber.
  • the gas will gradually be heat surface is transferred first to the liquid in the small chamber and thereafter via the partitionwall out into the liquid in the large chamber. Both the inlet and outlet for the liquid to be heated are situated in the large chamber. The risk of corrosion and deposit formation on the primary heat surface is reduced still more by placing the opening between the large and small chamber on a low level.
  • a manual venting device can be constructed such that the partition wall is rigidly connected with an exchangeable primary heat surface, but a heat exchanger where in which the liquid is under overpressure, i.e. where the flow is controlled by a valve means in the outlet conduit from the heat exchanger, will not operate satisfactorily. In that case, great pressure variations can occur in the heat exchanger and thereby the liquid exchange in the small chamber will be increased considerably, due to the gas which possibly is included in the small chamber and is released from the liquid at pressure reduction and expands at the pressure reduction. As an example thereof may be mentioned electric heating of consumption wasoluted again and at the next tapping the procedure is repeated.
  • the water exchange in the small chamber may be l0 to 20 per cent instead of about 2 per cent as calculated, because of the normal thermal expansion of the water, i.e. the exchange may be 5 to 10 timesgreater than calculated.
  • the invention comprises a valve means which at a large accumulation of gas in the small chamber, i.e. at overpressure in the upper portion of the small chamber compared with the corresponding level in the large chamber, allows all of the gas or a part thereof to pass from the small chamber into the large chamber.
  • the valve means may be a single valve member placed in the upper portion of the partition wall between the small chamber and the large chamber.
  • the valve means may comprise two valve members, one upper valve member and one lower one, of which the upper valve member is combined with a valve member arranged further down in the small chamber such that all of the water or a certain part thereof, and possibly gas, is located between said two valve members, and the lower valve member has a very low resistance in the flow direction to the upper valve member in relation to said upper valve member while the flow resistance in the opposite direction is so high that it gives rise to an increased overpressure in the space between the valve members when gas is released or expands in said space, and thereby the outflow of gas through the upper valve member is facilitated still more.
  • the pressure variations which give rise to problems at heat exchangers without the present invention are utilized by the invention for eliminating the problem.
  • FIG. II is a view partly in elevation and partly in crosssection of one embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1 of another embodiment
  • FIG. 3 is a fragmentary view in cross-section of a further embodiment of a valve member
  • FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 3 of yet another embodiment and,
  • FIG. 5 is a view along the lines of FIGS. 1 and 2 of another embodiment.
  • valve member 7 for conducting gas from a small chamber to a large chamber 9 is placed in the upper portion of a partition wall 5.
  • the valve member 7 a capillary tube such that owing to counteracting capillary and surface tension forces not all of the gas in the small chamber 10 passes by its own force into the large chamber.
  • the capillary tube Y may be inserted in a holder of, of example, plastic or rubber material in order to facilitate its mounting in the wall 5 which simply can be carried out by cutting a large hole in the flexible wall 5 which thereafter is laced up about the capillary tube.
  • the valve member can be completed by a valve member 8 of a lower location above a primary heat sur face 2, thereby separating off a small liquid volume between the two valve members 7, 8.
  • the valve 8 of lower location may comprise a seat with a relatively large opening area and an easily movable part allowing the passage of liquid.
  • FIG. 2 shows anotherembodiment at which the valve member 7 is a hole of such a small size in the wall 5 that owing to counteracting capillary and surface tension forces not all of the gas passes out into the large chamber.
  • the valve means may also be completed by the valve member 8 of a lower location which in this em bodiment is placed in the immediate vicinity of a connection opening 6 between the two chambers 10, 9 and is defined by a seat and a ball-shaped sealing body.
  • the sealing body must have the same or a higher specific weight than the liquid, but one may also imagine a mounting with a suspended sealing body having a lower specific weight than the liquid, in which case the valve seat is turned through l80relative to what is shown in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 3 shows an embodiment at which the valve member 7 is built up of a tubular member 11 with a relatively large vent hole and a tightly fitting elastic outer casing 12 which at overpressure in the small chamber 10 expands and allows gas to pass out.
  • the valve means may also be completed by a lower valve member 8 comprising a seat 13, the lower surfaces of which are inclined to the vent hole in order to ensure effective venting, and a closing member 14 which is a spindle valve or the ike.
  • the valve means in FIG. 4 comprises the valve member 7, which is located in the partition wall 5 and built up of a valve seat 16, the lower surfaces of which are inclined to the vent hole in order to ensure effective venting.
  • the valve seat 16 in this case is a part of the partition wall 5 between the small and the large chamber 10, 9.
  • FIG. 5 shows an embodiment at which the valve means is built up of the two valve members 7, 8 assembled into a unit 17 constituting a part of the partition wall 5.
  • a cavity 18 for collecting gas is located between the two valve members 7, 8.
  • a heat exchanger for liquid under pressure preferably of the storage type, a casing, said casing being divided into a large chamber and a small chamber by a.
  • partition wall a heating means having a surface arranged within the small chamber which supplies heat from outside to the heat exchanger, said partition wall having a large surface compared with said heating means surface arranged within the small chamber, said two chambers communicating with each other via an opening, and the large chamber being provided with an inlet and an outlet for the liquid to be heated having an outflow valve, characterized in that the upper portion of the partition wall between the small chamber and the large chamber is provided with a first valve means for conducting gas from the small chamber to the large chamber, and said first valve means being so constructed that the difference in pressure between the gas-filled upper portion of the small chamber and the corresponding level in the large chamber, which pressure difference arises upon the opening of said outflow valve, is sufficient for pressing at least a part of the gas amount included in the small chamber out through the first valve means.
  • the heat exchanger according to claim 2 characterized in that the second valve means is a stop valve allowing the flow of gas and liquid only in the direction to the first valve means.
  • the heat exchanger according to claim 1 characterized in that the partition wall between the small chamber and the larger chamber is made of a flexible material.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Degasification And Air Bubble Elimination (AREA)
US00287571A 1971-09-10 1972-09-08 Heat exchanger for liquid at overpressure Expired - Lifetime US3782335A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE11473/71A SE365863B (de) 1971-09-10 1971-09-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3782335A true US3782335A (en) 1974-01-01

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ID=20294037

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00287571A Expired - Lifetime US3782335A (en) 1971-09-10 1972-09-08 Heat exchanger for liquid at overpressure

Country Status (9)

Country Link
US (1) US3782335A (de)
AT (1) AT325728B (de)
BE (1) BE788445A (de)
CA (1) CA975230A (de)
FR (1) FR2152125A5 (de)
GB (1) GB1389850A (de)
IT (1) IT964375B (de)
NL (1) NL7212124A (de)
SE (1) SE365863B (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4320702A (en) * 1980-03-20 1982-03-23 Refreshment Machinery Incorporated Steam generator
US4438806A (en) * 1978-12-20 1984-03-27 Alfa-Laval Agrar Gmbh Heat exchanger for transferring heat to a liquid
US20070147808A1 (en) * 2005-12-28 2007-06-28 Zoltan Egeresi Flow trough sauna steamer with manifold

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3707578A1 (de) * 1987-03-10 1988-09-22 Dms Kalt Und Warmwassertechnik Speicher-brauchwasser-erwaermer

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1502295A (en) * 1921-12-02 1924-07-22 Kermor Electric Heating Compan Self-regulating water heater
GB283544A (en) * 1927-07-18 1929-05-21 Leslie Victor Smith An improved electric water heater
US1779128A (en) * 1927-09-22 1930-10-21 Handley Brown Heater Co Immersion electrical water heater and method of operating the same
GB386221A (en) * 1932-04-28 1933-01-12 Fabriek Van Instr En Electrisc Improvements relating to hot water apparatus
US2041630A (en) * 1933-11-15 1936-05-19 Wright Alan Leslie Apparatus for heating liquids
GB455250A (en) * 1935-03-04 1936-10-16 Konink Fabriek Inventum N V Improvements relating to hot water apparatus
US2635173A (en) * 1949-12-30 1953-04-14 Radi Serafino Water heater
GB793572A (en) * 1955-10-13 1958-04-16 Maurice Charles Halliday Improvements in and relating to electric water-heating devices

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1502295A (en) * 1921-12-02 1924-07-22 Kermor Electric Heating Compan Self-regulating water heater
GB283544A (en) * 1927-07-18 1929-05-21 Leslie Victor Smith An improved electric water heater
US1779128A (en) * 1927-09-22 1930-10-21 Handley Brown Heater Co Immersion electrical water heater and method of operating the same
GB386221A (en) * 1932-04-28 1933-01-12 Fabriek Van Instr En Electrisc Improvements relating to hot water apparatus
US2041630A (en) * 1933-11-15 1936-05-19 Wright Alan Leslie Apparatus for heating liquids
GB455250A (en) * 1935-03-04 1936-10-16 Konink Fabriek Inventum N V Improvements relating to hot water apparatus
US2635173A (en) * 1949-12-30 1953-04-14 Radi Serafino Water heater
GB793572A (en) * 1955-10-13 1958-04-16 Maurice Charles Halliday Improvements in and relating to electric water-heating devices

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4438806A (en) * 1978-12-20 1984-03-27 Alfa-Laval Agrar Gmbh Heat exchanger for transferring heat to a liquid
US4320702A (en) * 1980-03-20 1982-03-23 Refreshment Machinery Incorporated Steam generator
US20070147808A1 (en) * 2005-12-28 2007-06-28 Zoltan Egeresi Flow trough sauna steamer with manifold

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SE365863B (de) 1974-04-01
GB1389850A (en) 1975-04-09
IT964375B (it) 1974-01-21
DE2241220B2 (de) 1976-10-21
NL7212124A (de) 1973-03-13
ATA773672A (de) 1975-01-15
FR2152125A5 (de) 1973-04-20
CA975230A (en) 1975-09-30
AT325728B (de) 1975-11-10
BE788445A (fr) 1973-01-02
DE2241220A1 (de) 1973-03-29

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