US3780374A - Radome with matching layers - Google Patents

Radome with matching layers Download PDF

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Publication number
US3780374A
US3780374A US00232897A US3780374DA US3780374A US 3780374 A US3780374 A US 3780374A US 00232897 A US00232897 A US 00232897A US 3780374D A US3780374D A US 3780374DA US 3780374 A US3780374 A US 3780374A
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United States
Prior art keywords
matching layers
radome
plate
matching
dielectric
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00232897A
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English (en)
Inventor
Y Shibano
S Yamashita
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Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd
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Sumitomo Electric Industries Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
    • H01Q1/422—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome comprising two or more layers of dielectric material

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A radome wall with matching layers wherein a single layer dielectric plate having a dielectric constant of e, is sandwiched by two dielectric matching layers having the dielectric constant of VE
  • One form of providing the matching layers is wit h strips of the same dielectric material as the plate.
  • the strips may be spaced in parallel or parallel lattice form with a spacing pitch P between adjacent strips in order to obtain the equivalent dielectric constant of the matching layer V2:
  • the thickness of th cor is a lso determined to be an odd multiple of M4 in order to obtain broader frequency band characteristics.
  • This invention relates to a radoine with matching layers.
  • Conventional radomes now in use for antennas are usually constructed of thin plates of material or the like. That is to say, they are made of dielectric plates having a uniform single layer with a thickness shorter than the wavelength of an operating wavelength.
  • the wavelength is sufficiently large as is the case with the VHF and UHF bands, the use of a thin dielectric plate for constructing a radome which crosses the path of the radiation wave from an antenna scarecely affects the electro magnetic properties of the radiation wave.
  • the radome is designed to have a single layer of a 0.4 mm thickness of F.R.P. (Fiber Reinforced Plastic) for the purpose of mechanical strength for the radome structure, the VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) for a frontal incidental wave will generally become as high as 1.2.
  • F.R.P. Fiber Reinforced Plastic
  • the thickness of the layer of a radome is required to be as thick as possible with respect to mechanical strength.
  • a sandwich radome is well known. It is, however, difficult to make such a radome, because there are various problems in the designing and manufacturing techniques.
  • the present invention provides a new radome with matching layers which is free from the drawbacks of conventional techniques as mentioned above.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to provide a radome which has a low VSWR over a broad frequency band and a small transmission loss, and further has a radome layer thickness with sufficient mechanical strength.
  • FIG. 1 shows the construction of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1a is a perspective view and b a view in cross section of the structure shown in FIG. la.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic section view of the structure shown in FIG. 1 for explaining the electric properties of the radome of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3, FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 are graphic illustrations showing the transmission loss versus frequency range curve and VWSR to frequency range curve in accordance with changing thickness of the plate of unilayer radome of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 6a, 6b, and 6c are cross sectional views of the radome wall of the present invention for explaining the methods of manufacturing the radome according to the teachings of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a perspective view in partial cross section showing a lattice construction of the single layer radome of the present invention.
  • FIG. 8 is a perspective view of an embossed type construction of the single layer radome of the present invention.
  • FIG. la is a slant view of the radome of the present invention with matching layers.
  • FIG. lb shows a section of the radome shown in FIG. la.
  • 1 de' notes a dielectric plate which constitutes a single layer radome and 2 impedance matching layers.
  • the matching layers (2) are made of strips having width W and thickness 1, of a dielectric material which are arranged in parallel and attached to the surface of the single layer radome plate having the thickness t with the spacing pitch P.
  • the direction of the strips is in conformity with the direction of the polarized electric field.
  • the matching layers (2) which are made of the arrangement of strips of the material of a dielectric constant e, may be equivalent uniform dielectric layers having the dielectric constant e... There will be found a relation between 6, and 6,. as follows:
  • the matching layer of a thickness t may be equivalently converted into a uniform dielectric layer of thickness t having an equivalent dielectric constant 6
  • the function of the matching layers is to provide an intermediate impedance layer between the plate (1) forming a single layer radome and free space in order to match the impedance of the plate of the radome to the characteristic impedance of the free space.
  • an impedance conversion is widely known as a 1/4 wavelength transformer.
  • the characteristic impedance of the dielectric plate of the specific dielectric constant e where, that of free space is I, will be given by l/ /T Accordingly, the characteristic impedance of the matching layer will be given as follows:
  • the e,- of formula (l) is not the same as the e, of formula (2).
  • the thickness t, of the matching layer being effectively A the wavelength is given by the free space wavelength )to and the equivalent dielectric constant 6 or the dielectric constant e, as follows.
  • pitch P may be selected freely under the condition that P is sufficiently smaller than the wavelength in the material of the equivalent dielectric constant 6,. (where A )to/ E).
  • the plate of the unilayer radome and strips for the matching layer are made of the same material, F.R.P. (Fiber Reinforced Plastic), the operating frequency is 12 GHz and e,- is 4. v
  • i/T A0 Bo +Co Do/2
  • the transmission loss in dB and the VSWR for the normal wave incident the radome of the present invention are calculated and illustrated in FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 over the frequency range 11.0 GHz to 13.0 HGz, where the material of radome plate and matching layers are both F.R.P., P 6.3 mm and W 2.1 mm.
  • the thickness 1 of the unilayer radome As is easily understood from FIGS. 3, 4 and 5, there will be found an optimum value for the thickness 1 of the unilayer radome. In the examples of these calculations, when 1 is 2 mm, the broadest band is obtained. The fact that t is 3 mm shows that the thickness of the unilayer radome is approximately M4. It is seen from the above that the thickness of the plate of the unilayer radome will be optimum if it is approximately an odd number multiple of ) ⁇ /4, as well as would be the thickness of the matching layers.
  • both surfaces of a dielectric plate having a dielectric constant of a may be provided with matching layers made of the same or a different material and the surfaces are given a lattice-like or embossed construction as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8 with parts of the matching layers left missing so as to make the average dielectric constant of the matching layers R1, the thickness of the matching layers being equivalently made 54 wavelength.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 an instance where the directions of polarization of the matching layers and electric field are made to coincide with each other was described in detail.
  • the electric field has components of two directions perpendicular to each other, it is preferable to use matching layers of a latticelike shape. See FIG. 7 for example.
  • the matching layers may be given a regular spacingly embossed configuration as shown in FIG. 8.
  • FIGS. 6a, 6b and 6c are sketches for the purpose of explaining the manufacturing processes.
  • FIG. 6a shows, as an example, a method wherein matching layers (dielectric strips) 2 are attached to a dielectric plate I by means of an interposed material of an adhesive or the like.
  • FIG. 6b shows a method wherein cutting is done into a dielectric plate of a large thickness to form the matched layers.
  • FIG. 60 shows a method wherein a plastic material is moulded by means of metal moulds conforming to the shape of the matching layers.
  • a radome wall with matching layers comprising a single layer dielectric plate of any desired thickness having a dielectric constant of 6,, and two dielectric matching layers sandwiching said plate therebetween, each of said matching layers having the average dielectric constant of V6,- and a thickness which is an odd number multiple of M4 where )t is the wavelength in the matching layer.

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US00232897A 1971-03-11 1972-03-08 Radome with matching layers Expired - Lifetime US3780374A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP46013622A JPS5148435B2 (it) 1971-03-11 1971-03-11

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US3780374A true US3780374A (en) 1973-12-18

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US (1) US3780374A (it)
JP (1) JPS5148435B2 (it)
DE (1) DE2211438C3 (it)
GB (1) GB1375906A (it)
IT (1) IT953492B (it)

Cited By (30)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4148039A (en) * 1977-07-05 1979-04-03 The Boeing Company Low reflectivity radome
US4179699A (en) * 1977-07-05 1979-12-18 The Boeing Company Low reflectivity radome
US4189731A (en) * 1978-06-12 1980-02-19 General Dynamics Electronics Division Radome with tilted dielectric strips
US4358772A (en) * 1980-04-30 1982-11-09 Hughes Aircraft Company Ceramic broadband radome
US4506269A (en) * 1982-05-26 1985-03-19 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Laminated thermoplastic radome
EP0248958A1 (en) * 1985-05-13 1987-12-16 Varian Associates, Inc. Triple pane waveguide window
US4725475A (en) * 1986-08-25 1988-02-16 General Dynamics Electronics Division Multi-octave thick dielectric radome wall
WO1988001440A1 (en) * 1986-08-20 1988-02-25 Independent Broadcasting Authority Improvements in and relating to the reduction of radio frequency transmission loss
US4901086A (en) * 1987-10-02 1990-02-13 Raytheon Company Lens/polarizer radome
EP0359504A1 (en) * 1988-09-14 1990-03-21 British Aerospace Public Limited Company Radomes
DE3812029A1 (de) * 1987-04-14 1996-10-31 Thomson Csf Wandung für Antennenkuppel und mit dieser hergestellte Antennenkuppeln
US20040239577A1 (en) * 2003-05-30 2004-12-02 Delgado Heriberto Jose Efficient radome structures of variable geometry
US6897820B2 (en) 2001-08-17 2005-05-24 Anafa-Electromagnetic Solutions Ltd. Electromagnetic window
US20080136731A1 (en) * 2005-12-08 2008-06-12 Raytheon Company Broadband ballistic resistant radome
US20100103072A1 (en) * 2008-10-24 2010-04-29 Kuang-Yuh Wu Honey Comb-Backed Armored Radome
WO2012080317A1 (en) 2010-12-14 2012-06-21 Dsm Ip Assets B.V. Material for radomes and process for making the same
US8368610B2 (en) * 2006-09-29 2013-02-05 Raytheon Company Shaped ballistic radome
WO2013037811A1 (en) 2011-09-12 2013-03-21 Dsm Ip Assets B.V. Composite radome wall
US8599095B2 (en) 2005-12-08 2013-12-03 Raytheon Company Broadband ballistic resistant radome
EP2701234A2 (en) * 2012-08-21 2014-02-26 Raytheon Company Broadband array antenna enhancement with spatially engineered dielectrics
US8763453B2 (en) 2009-05-25 2014-07-01 Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg Arrangement for measuring fill level with a fill level measuring device working with microwaves
US9099782B2 (en) 2012-05-29 2015-08-04 Cpi Radant Technologies Division Inc. Lightweight, multiband, high angle sandwich radome structure for millimeter wave frequencies
EP2479840A4 (en) * 2009-09-17 2016-04-27 Mitsubishi Electric Corp RADOM-DEVICE
US20160324041A1 (en) * 2015-04-22 2016-11-03 Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, Yonsei University Electromagnetic wave shileding dielectric film
WO2017074542A1 (en) * 2015-10-30 2017-05-04 Raytheon Company Monolithic wideband millimeter-wave radome
US10205215B2 (en) 2016-03-11 2019-02-12 Nidec Corporation Vehicle
US10218048B2 (en) 2016-01-19 2019-02-26 Nidec Corporation Vehicle
US10322566B2 (en) 2016-01-19 2019-06-18 Nidec Corporation Vehicle
WO2019193528A1 (en) * 2018-04-06 2019-10-10 3M Innovative Properties Company Radar standing wave dampnening components and systems
WO2019198448A1 (en) * 2018-04-12 2019-10-17 Alps Alpine Co., Ltd. Radome design for improving radar system performance for semi- and full-autonomous driving applications

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS512356B2 (it) * 1972-04-25 1976-01-24
JPS54119492U (it) * 1978-02-08 1979-08-21
JP4919423B2 (ja) * 2007-07-06 2012-04-18 日本無線株式会社 アンテナ給電部
DE102012003948B4 (de) * 2012-03-01 2014-04-17 Krohne Messtechnik Gmbh Nach dem Radar-Prinzip arbeitendes Füllstandmesssystem
DE102014213502A1 (de) * 2014-07-11 2016-01-14 Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft Schutzelement für einen Radarsensor in einem Kraftfahrzeug
CN107039763A (zh) * 2016-11-30 2017-08-11 中国铁塔股份有限公司长春市分公司 一种双t形天线罩
JP2019158592A (ja) * 2018-03-13 2019-09-19 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 アンテナ装置
JP7338567B2 (ja) * 2020-06-30 2023-09-05 豊田合成株式会社 電磁波透過カバー
EP4270655A1 (en) * 2021-08-05 2023-11-01 Nitto Denko Corporation Electromagnetic wave shield

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2956281A (en) * 1954-09-08 1960-10-11 Edward B Mcmillan Dielectric walls for transmission of electromagnetic radiation
GB851923A (en) * 1958-03-18 1960-10-19 Gen Electric Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to radomes
GB1043125A (en) * 1963-03-01 1966-09-21 Csf Housing for microwave receivers and transmitters
US3633206A (en) * 1967-01-30 1972-01-04 Edward Bellamy Mcmillan Lattice aperture antenna
US3698001A (en) * 1969-11-11 1972-10-10 Nippon Telegraph & Telephone Frequency group separation filter device using laminated dielectric slab-shaped elements

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2956281A (en) * 1954-09-08 1960-10-11 Edward B Mcmillan Dielectric walls for transmission of electromagnetic radiation
GB851923A (en) * 1958-03-18 1960-10-19 Gen Electric Co Ltd Improvements in or relating to radomes
GB1043125A (en) * 1963-03-01 1966-09-21 Csf Housing for microwave receivers and transmitters
US3633206A (en) * 1967-01-30 1972-01-04 Edward Bellamy Mcmillan Lattice aperture antenna
US3698001A (en) * 1969-11-11 1972-10-10 Nippon Telegraph & Telephone Frequency group separation filter device using laminated dielectric slab-shaped elements

Cited By (40)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4148039A (en) * 1977-07-05 1979-04-03 The Boeing Company Low reflectivity radome
US4179699A (en) * 1977-07-05 1979-12-18 The Boeing Company Low reflectivity radome
US4189731A (en) * 1978-06-12 1980-02-19 General Dynamics Electronics Division Radome with tilted dielectric strips
US4358772A (en) * 1980-04-30 1982-11-09 Hughes Aircraft Company Ceramic broadband radome
US4506269A (en) * 1982-05-26 1985-03-19 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force Laminated thermoplastic radome
EP0248958A1 (en) * 1985-05-13 1987-12-16 Varian Associates, Inc. Triple pane waveguide window
WO1988001440A1 (en) * 1986-08-20 1988-02-25 Independent Broadcasting Authority Improvements in and relating to the reduction of radio frequency transmission loss
GB2205525A (en) * 1986-08-20 1988-12-14 Indep Broadcasting Authority Improvements in and relating to the reduction of radio frequency transmission loss
US4725475A (en) * 1986-08-25 1988-02-16 General Dynamics Electronics Division Multi-octave thick dielectric radome wall
DE3812029C2 (de) * 1987-04-14 1998-12-17 Thomson Csf Wandung für Antennenkuppel und mit dieser hergestellte Antennenkuppeln
DE3812029A1 (de) * 1987-04-14 1996-10-31 Thomson Csf Wandung für Antennenkuppel und mit dieser hergestellte Antennenkuppeln
US4901086A (en) * 1987-10-02 1990-02-13 Raytheon Company Lens/polarizer radome
EP0359504A1 (en) * 1988-09-14 1990-03-21 British Aerospace Public Limited Company Radomes
US6897820B2 (en) 2001-08-17 2005-05-24 Anafa-Electromagnetic Solutions Ltd. Electromagnetic window
US20040239577A1 (en) * 2003-05-30 2004-12-02 Delgado Heriberto Jose Efficient radome structures of variable geometry
US6975279B2 (en) * 2003-05-30 2005-12-13 Harris Foundation Efficient radome structures of variable geometry
US20080136731A1 (en) * 2005-12-08 2008-06-12 Raytheon Company Broadband ballistic resistant radome
US7817099B2 (en) 2005-12-08 2010-10-19 Raytheon Company Broadband ballistic resistant radome
US8599095B2 (en) 2005-12-08 2013-12-03 Raytheon Company Broadband ballistic resistant radome
US8368610B2 (en) * 2006-09-29 2013-02-05 Raytheon Company Shaped ballistic radome
US20100103072A1 (en) * 2008-10-24 2010-04-29 Kuang-Yuh Wu Honey Comb-Backed Armored Radome
US8054239B2 (en) 2008-10-24 2011-11-08 Raytheon Company Honeycomb-backed armored radome
US8763453B2 (en) 2009-05-25 2014-07-01 Endress + Hauser Gmbh + Co. Kg Arrangement for measuring fill level with a fill level measuring device working with microwaves
EP2479840A4 (en) * 2009-09-17 2016-04-27 Mitsubishi Electric Corp RADOM-DEVICE
WO2012080317A1 (en) 2010-12-14 2012-06-21 Dsm Ip Assets B.V. Material for radomes and process for making the same
WO2013037811A1 (en) 2011-09-12 2013-03-21 Dsm Ip Assets B.V. Composite radome wall
US9099782B2 (en) 2012-05-29 2015-08-04 Cpi Radant Technologies Division Inc. Lightweight, multiband, high angle sandwich radome structure for millimeter wave frequencies
EP2701234A2 (en) * 2012-08-21 2014-02-26 Raytheon Company Broadband array antenna enhancement with spatially engineered dielectrics
US9236652B2 (en) 2012-08-21 2016-01-12 Raytheon Company Broadband array antenna enhancement with spatially engineered dielectrics
EP2701234A3 (en) * 2012-08-21 2014-04-30 Raytheon Company Broadband array antenna enhancement with spatially engineered dielectrics
US9854720B2 (en) * 2015-04-22 2017-12-26 Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, Yonsei University Electromagnetic wave shileding dielectric film
US20160324041A1 (en) * 2015-04-22 2016-11-03 Industry-Academic Cooperation Foundation, Yonsei University Electromagnetic wave shileding dielectric film
WO2017074542A1 (en) * 2015-10-30 2017-05-04 Raytheon Company Monolithic wideband millimeter-wave radome
US9876279B2 (en) 2015-10-30 2018-01-23 Raytheon Company Monolithic wideband millimeter-wave radome
US10218048B2 (en) 2016-01-19 2019-02-26 Nidec Corporation Vehicle
US10322566B2 (en) 2016-01-19 2019-06-18 Nidec Corporation Vehicle
US10205215B2 (en) 2016-03-11 2019-02-12 Nidec Corporation Vehicle
WO2019193528A1 (en) * 2018-04-06 2019-10-10 3M Innovative Properties Company Radar standing wave dampnening components and systems
US11749900B2 (en) 2018-04-06 2023-09-05 3M Innovative Properties Company Radar standing wave dampening components and systems
WO2019198448A1 (en) * 2018-04-12 2019-10-17 Alps Alpine Co., Ltd. Radome design for improving radar system performance for semi- and full-autonomous driving applications

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
IT953492B (it) 1973-08-10
DE2211438C3 (de) 1979-05-17
DE2211438A1 (de) 1972-09-21
JPS5148435B2 (it) 1976-12-21
DE2211438B2 (de) 1978-09-21
GB1375906A (en) 1974-12-04
JPS4724254A (it) 1972-10-16

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