US3772196A - Lubricating compositions - Google Patents

Lubricating compositions Download PDF

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US3772196A
US3772196A US00204668A US3772196DA US3772196A US 3772196 A US3772196 A US 3772196A US 00204668 A US00204668 A US 00204668A US 3772196D A US3772196D A US 3772196DA US 3772196 A US3772196 A US 3772196A
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block
percent
oil
lubricating oil
copolymer
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D Clair
D Evans
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Shell USA Inc
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Shell Oil Co
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M157/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more macromolecular compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M143/00 - C10M155/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C10M157/04—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more macromolecular compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M143/00 - C10M155/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being a nitrogen-containing compound
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L53/00—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L53/02—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers of vinyl-aromatic monomers and conjugated dienes
    • C08L53/025—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers of vinyl-aromatic monomers and conjugated dienes modified
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    • C10M157/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more macromolecular compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M143/00 - C10M155/00, each of these compounds being essential
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    • C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
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    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
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    • C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
    • C10M2203/108—Residual fractions, e.g. bright stocks
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    • C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2205/06—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing conjugated dienes
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    • C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
    • C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
    • C10M2207/028—Overbased salts thereof
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    • C10M2207/26—Overbased carboxylic acid salts
    • C10M2207/262—Overbased carboxylic acid salts derived from hydroxy substituted aromatic acids, e.g. salicylates
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    • C10M2209/08—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds containing monomers having an unsaturated radical bound to a carboxyl radical, e.g. acrylate type
    • C10M2209/084—Acrylate; Methacrylate
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    • C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
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    • C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
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    • C10M2215/086—Imides [having hydrocarbon substituents containing less than thirty carbon atoms]
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    • C10M2215/14—Containing carbon-to-nitrogen double bounds, e.g. guanidines, hydrazones, semicarbazones
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    • C10M2215/24—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant Compositions having hydrocarbon substituents containing thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. nitrogen derivatives of substituted succinic acid
    • C10M2215/26—Amines
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    • C10M2217/04—Macromolecular compounds from nitrogen-containing monomers obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
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    • C10M2217/06—Macromolecular compounds obtained by functionalisation op polymers with a nitrogen containing compound
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    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/04—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing sulfur-to-oxygen bonds, i.e. sulfones, sulfoxides
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    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
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Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Lubricating oil compositions for internal combustion engines having unexpectedly wide temperature operating characteristics contain a combination of 2-block copolymer comprising a first polymer block of an alkenyl arene, e.g., styrene and a second essentially completely hydrogenated polymer block of isoprene and certain pour point depressants in a lubricant base stock having a viscosity index of at least 85.
  • the compositions have excellent shear stability and can be formulated to pass a number of the ASTM and SAE engine oil performance and engine service classifications.
  • lubricants which meet a F viscosity specification and a 210F viscosity specification, such as is shown for motor oils by the following table derived from SAE, 1300a taken from the SAE Handbook for 1969:
  • an SAE l0W/50 oil must have a viscosity at0F between 12 and 24 poises and a viscosity at 210F of between 85 and 110 SUS.
  • a large variety of polymeric additives have been employed primarily as thickening agents, viscosity index (VI) improvers andpour point depressants.
  • a common limitation of essentially all of these is shear sensitivity. This is not unexpected, since most of the these polymers are'relatively high molecular weight materials and consequently are readily subject to shear degradation.
  • relatively low molecular weight polymeric materials at least up to the present time, have proven to be relatively ineffective as thickeners or VI improvers in automotive engine lubricants, even Pat. No. 3,509,056 issued Apr. 28, 1970, shows the use though they may have reasonably good shear stability.
  • styrene-hydrogenated butadiene block copolymers have been employed as pour point depressants or thermal degradation stabilizers in pertroleum fuels as shown in Streets U.S. Pat. No. 3,419,365 issued Dec. 31, 1968. However, since they were employed as fuel additives, they-were used in frictional percentages which were too small to appreciably affect the thickening of the oil or the viscosity index thereof. Moreover, as will be developed later, block copolymers containing hydrogenated polybutadiene blocks show essentially no response to supplementary pour point depressants, especially if the 1,2-content is low.
  • hydrocarbon lubricating compositions comprising the following components:
  • a a hydrocarbon lubricating oil having a viscosity index of at least b. a minor but effective amount of pour point depressant for said oil; and g c. 01-10 percent by weight of a block copolymer comprising 1 I. a single polymer block A, at least 75 percent of which is condensed alkenyl arene units, no more than 5 percent of the aromatic unsaturation being reduced by hydrogenation of the block copolymer, said block A having an average molecular weight between about 10,000 and about 55,000; and 2.
  • a single hydrogenated polymer block B said block, priorto hydrogenation, being a polyisoprene block; at least percent of the olefinic unsaturation of block B being reduced by hydrogenation of the block copolymer; same block B having an average molecular weight between about 20,000 and about 100,000;
  • the weight ratio of block A to block B being between about 0.45:l and 0.8:1;
  • blocks C if any, in the block copolymer having a total average molecular weight not exceeding about 7,500 and being selected from alkenyl arene polymer blocks, conjugated diene polymer blocks and copolymer blocks of alkenyl arenes and conjugated dienes, each having the hydrogenation limitations of blocks A and B.
  • block copolymers having the above limitations when combined with a high viscosity index hydrocarbon lubricant containing a pour point depressant, exhibit outstanding physical characteristics not possessed by any other polymeric thickener investigated to date.
  • the block copolymer has the simple structure A-B.
  • it may have the alternative structure A-B-C wherein C is the relatively low molecular weight polymer block referred to above.
  • each of blocks A and B be homopolymeric blocks.
  • polymer block A be essentially aromatic, e.g. less than 5 percent hydrogenated while polymer block B be at least 99 percent saturated insofar as its original olefinic unsaturation is concerned.
  • the monoalkenyl arenes particularly a-alkenyl arenes, which may be used in the preparation of the subject class of block copolymers comprise styrene and methyl styrenes such as alpha methyl styrene, vinyl toluene and other ring methylated styrenes. Styrene is the preferred monomer. Mixtures of these alkenyl arenes may be used if desired.
  • Polyisoprene is the conjugated diene employed in preparing the precursor of block B.
  • the polyisoprene block should have at least about 80 percent l,4 structure which may be either cis or trans and still more preferably it should have at least about 88 percent 1,4 structure.
  • the block copolymers may be prepared by conventional methods using lithium-based initiators, preferably lithium alkyls such as lithium butyls or lithium amyls. Polymerization is usually conducted in solution in an inert solvent such as cyclohexane or alkanes such as butanes or pentanes and mixtures of the same.
  • the first monomer to be polymerized (which may be either mono alkenyl arene or isoprene) is injected into the system and contacted with the polymerization initiator which is added in an amount calculated to provide the predetermined average molecular weight.
  • the second monomer is then injected into the living polymer system and block polymerization occurs, resulting in the formulation of the living block copolymer poly(alkenyl arene)- polyisoprene which is then killed, e.g., by the addition of methanol.
  • This precursor is then subjected to selective hydrogenation such as by the method shown in Wald et al. U.S. Pat. No. 3,595,942 issued July 27, 1971, to form the block copolymers used in the lubricating compositions of this invention.
  • hydrogenation is conducted in the same solvent in which the polymer was prepared, utilizing a catalyst comprising the reaction product of aluminum alkyl and a nickel or cobalt carboxylate or alkoxide.
  • a favored catalyst is the reaction product formed from triethyl aluminum and nickel octoate.
  • the temperatures and pressures employed in the hydrogenation step are adjusted such as shown in the last referred-to patent to cause essentially complete hydrogenation of the polyisoprene block with essentially no effective hydrogenation of the monoalkenyl arene polymer block.
  • the polymer may be isolated from its solvent after its hydrogenation and dispersed in lubricating oil. This may be effected, for example, by adding a lubricating oil to the solution of hydrogenated polymer and thereafter evaporating the relatively volatile solvent.
  • Such concentrates suitably contain up to about 20 percent by weight of the hydrogenated block copolymer and preferably between about 2.5 and 15 percent by weight depending on polymer molecular weight.
  • molecular weights of the block copolymers are meant to refer to number average molecular weights as determined, for example, by tritium counting techniques or osmotic pressure methods.
  • Preparation of the block copolymers by anionic solution polymerization results in the desired relatively very narrow molecular weight spread as contrasted to the broad spectrum of species which results from the use of Ziegler polymerization catalysts.
  • Broad spectrum (Ziegler) polymers containing a substantial proportion of high molecular weight fractions, exhibit excessive shear degradation.
  • the polymer blocks A have molecular weights between about 25,000 and 50,000 and the polymer blocks B have molecular weights between about 35,000 and 80,000. Still more preferably, the weight ratio of A:B is from 0.521 to 0.721.
  • pour point depressants utilized in accordance with the present invention and in conjunction with the block polymers as defined above are employed primarily for their pour point depressing effect although many of them may act as viscosity index improvers or thickeners. However, since they are employed in minor (pour point depressing) amounts, e.g., 0.l2.5 percent by weight preferably 0.l50.7 percent by weight, their proportion is normally too small to have an appreciable effect upon oil properties other than pour point. It is essential that the pour point depressant be present, however, since the block copolymers defined above exhibit essentially no effective pour point depressant function.
  • one of the prime characteristics of the above class of block copolymers is their effective response to added pour point depressants such as high molecular weight compolymers of alkyl acrylates or alkyl methacrylates as well as nitrogen containing acrylic esters.
  • acrylic esters is meant esters of acids of the acrylic acid series including both acrylic acid and methacrylic acid.
  • Nitrogen-containing acrylic ester polymers as defined can be prepared by any suitable means such as described in Hughes et al. US. Pat. No. 3,215,632 issued Nov. 2, 1965, and can be illustrated by the following examples:
  • Nitrogen-containing polymers namely, copolymers of vinyl pyridine and C alkyl methacrylates, having a molecular weight range of from 1,500 to 2,000,000, preferably between 200,000 and 850,000 include (1) copolymer of 25 percent 2-methyl -vinyl pyridine and 75 percent stearyl methacrylate, molecular weight 200,000; (2) copolymer of 30 percent stearyl methacrylate, 51 percent lauryl methacrylate, 14 percent methyl methacrylate and 5 percent 2-methyl-5- vinyl pyridine, molecular weight 600,000; (3) copolymer of 14 percent methyl methacrylate, 54 percent lauryl methacrylate, 27 percent stearyl methacrylate and 5 percent 2-methyl-5-vinyl pyridine in weight ratio mo
  • the oil component of the lubricating compositions according to the present invention is especially designed for the preparation of multi-grade lubricants although single grade lubricants may be compounded as well. Still more specifically, the present combination of block copolymer and pour point depressant is especially beneficial in Wax-containing lubricating oil cuts such as found in Mid Continent oils, West Texas Ellenburger crudes, East Texas crudes, Oklahoma crudes, Pennsylvania crudes and California crudes and similar waxy crudes which may be referred to as paraffin base crudes, naphthenic crudes or mixed base crudes as distinguished from asphalt base crudes.
  • HVl High Viscosity Index
  • l-lVI very high viscosity index oils
  • LI low viscosity index
  • More volatile oils may be employed for special purposes such as(HVI) 80N.
  • HVI oils are produced by well-known refining methods, such as distillation, dewaxing, deasphalting, dearomatizing, etc, as may be needed, dependant largely on the crude oil used.
  • Typical properties of these HVI oils are the following:
  • One of the primary aspects of the present invention comprises the discovery of the unique capability of these compositions for the provision of wide multigrade lubricants having relatively low tendency toward oil consumption during use. It has been wellestablished that oil consumption is directly related to the relative volatility of the lubricant base. With most thickeners and VI improvers as well as most pour point depressants it is essential to formulate an SAE l0W/50 lubricant containing a substantial amount of relatively high volatility oils such as 80N or even lighter. This is due to the basic fact that most polymers alter the viscosity/temperature slope to only a moderate degree. However, as shown by FIG.
  • the block copolymers of the present invention have an unexpected effect in providing a unique viscosity/temperature slope between 210F and 0F.
  • multi-grade oils such as SAE l0W/30, l0W/4O and 10W/50 oils may be compounded with the present combination of additives utilizing as the oil base the relatively heavier oils, e.g., fractions having a viscosity at 100F of at least about SUS such as HV] or heavier, rather than resorting to thinning the composition with the more volatile lubricants.
  • the working examples furthermore demonstrate that even within the area of polymers having the structure polystyrenehydrogenated polyisoprene, the block molecular weights and weight proportions of thetwo blocks must be within the limits specified hereinbefore if the block copolymer is to impart a substantial increase inviscosity index.
  • the present invention not only provdes wide range multigrade lubricant compositions but also provides compositions having relatively low ash content, e.g. less than about 1 percent by weight sulfated ash, which are especially suitable for gasoline engines.
  • the basic composition as described above may be used as such but preferably is modified by the presence of supplementary additives combined with the block copolymer and pour point depressant to provide the necessary stability, detergency, dispersancy,antiwear and anticorrosion properties required of modern lubricants according to increasingly severe automotive specifications.
  • polymeric succinic acid derivatives used as detergent-dispersants. These can be made by the process described in U.S. Pat. Nos. to Hughes 3,215,632 issued Nov. 2, 1965; to Rense 3,215,707 issued Nov. 2, 1965; to Stuart et a1. 3,202,678 issued Aug. 24, 1965, or Le Suer et al. Canadian 681,235 issued Mar.
  • succinimide of mono(polyisobutylene) succinic anhydride and tetraethylene pentamine the polyiso-butylene radical having a molecular weight of about 1,000
  • amine derivative of polyisobutyl monocarboxylic acid and tetraethylene pentamine having a molecular weight of about 1,000
  • succinimide of mono(polypropylene)succinic anhydride and diethylene triamine the polypropylene radical having a molecular weight of 800-1,500
  • diimide of mono(polyisobutylene)succinic anhydride and tetraethylene pentamine the polyisobutylene radical having a molecular weight of 800-1500.
  • the most preferred ashless dispersants to be used in the lubricants of the present invention are achieved by providing oil-soluble compositions prepared by reacting under esterification conditions (A) at least one substituted poly carboxylic acid acylating agent containing an average of at least about 30 aliphatic carbon atoms per substituent with (B) at least one polyhydric alcohol in amounts such that there is at least one equivalent of polyhydric alcohol for each equivalent of substituted carboxylic acid acylating agent to form an estercontaining first reaction mixture and thereafter intimately contacting this first reaction mixture with (C) from about 0.025 to about 0.15 equivalent of at least one hydroxy-substituted primary amine per equivalent of (A).
  • (A) is further characterized in that it is a substantially saturated acylating agent produced by reacting ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acidic reactant of the formula Itocoon or the corresponding carboxylic acid halides, anhydrides, and esters where R is characterized by the presence of at least one ethylenically unsaturated carbonto-carbon covalent bond and n is an integer of two to six, with an ethylenically unsaturated hydrocarbon or chlorinated hydrocarbon containing at least thirty aliphatic carbon atoms at a temperature within the range of l00-300C with the proviso that said acylating agent may contain polar substituents to the extent that such polar substituents do not exceed percent by weight of the hydrocarbon portion of the acylating agent excluding the weight of the carboxylic acid groups.
  • detergents results in a substantial reduction (e.g., -50 percent) in the ash level compared to the use of other detergents which may otherwise be effective and satisfactory, such as the succinimides of high molecular weight mono(polyolefin)- succinic anhydride and polyalkylene polyamines.
  • Alkaline earth metal overbased petroleum sulfonates also may be employed.
  • the highly basic alkaline earth metal (Mg, Ca and/or Ba) petroleum sulfonate can be made by suitable means known in the art such as described in British Patents 790,471 and 818,323 or Ellis et a1. U.S. Pat. No. 2,865,956 issued Dec. 23, 1958.
  • the basic calcium petroleum sulfonates (M.W. 300-800) are preferred.
  • basic sulfonate is meant that the end product has a basicity in excess of 20 percent and up to 1,800 percent and preferably between 40 percent and 1,400 percent in excess of that normally required to neutralize the acid to produce the normal salt.
  • alkyl aromatic compounds e.g., alkylated benzene, or alkylated naphthalene
  • alkylated benzene also can be used in forming the basic magnesium, calcium and/or barium sulfonate salt, such as basic calcium diwax benzene sulfonate, basic diwax naphthalene sulfonate and the like, the basicity being in excess of about 50-180 percent and the molecular weight of the compound between 450 and 750.
  • Similar alkaline earth metal alkyl phenates and alkyl salicylates also are useful.
  • dithiophosphates may be included as supplementary additives, e.g., Ca, Zn, Pb salts of alkylthiophosphates, as well as their thio derivatives, Zn bis (2-ethylhexyl)dithiophosphate, Zn dioctyl dithiophosphate Zn bis(alkylphenyl)dithiophosphate, P 8 terpene reaction product, phosphonates such as dibutyl methane phosphate, dibutyl trichloromethane phosphonate, dibutyl monochloromethane phosphate, dibutyl chlorobenzene phosphonate, and the like.
  • phosphonates such as dibutyl methane phosphate, dibutyl trichloromethane phosphonate, dibutyl monochloromethane phosphate, dibutyl chlorobenzene phosphonate, and the like.
  • the full esters of pentavalent phosphorus acids may be used, such as triphenyl, tricresyl, trilauryl and tristearyl orthophosphates or potzlssium salt of P S -terpene reaction products or zinc above, like Zn di(C alkyl)dithiophosphate, e.g., Zn bis(2-ethylhexyl)- dithiophosphate, Zn bis(alkylphenyl)dithiophosphate.
  • Anti-foaming agents such as silicone polymers, e.g., dimethyl silicone polymer, can also be used.
  • phenolic antioxidants such as alkylphenols, e.g., 2-6-ditert.butyl-4-methylphenol or p,p'- methylene bisphenols such as 4,4-methylene-bis(2,6- ditert.butylphenol) or arylamines such as phenylalphanaphthylamine; dialkyl sulfides and mixtures thereof, e.g., dibenzyl disulfide or didodecyl sulfide.
  • phenolic antioxidants such as alkylphenols, e.g., 2-6-ditert.butyl-4-methylphenol or p,p'- methylene bisphenols such as 4,4-methylene-bis(2,6- ditert.butylphenol) or arylamines such as phenylalphanaphthylamine; dialkyl sulfides and mixtures thereof, e.g., dibenzyl disulfide or didodec
  • Anti-scuffing agents include esters of metal salts or organic phosphites, phosphates, phosphonates and their thio derivatives, such as C trialkyl phosphites, or phosphonates, e.g., tributyl-, trioctyl-, trilauryl-, tristearyl-, tricyclohexyl-, tribenzyl-, tricresylor triphenyl phosphites or phosphates.
  • a preferred formulation incorporating the present invention is as follows:
  • the acrylic pour point depressant was a copolymer of cetyl methacrylate (50%w), lauryl methacrylate (%w) and octyl methacrylate (25%w), used in amount of 0. 1 7%w), based on the oil.
  • the block polymers tested are identified in Table I.
  • the polymer column identifies the types of blocks and the mol wt column shows the molecular weight of each block.
  • Ethylene/propylene random copolymer (Sample I) had poor shear stability. This particular ethylene/propylene copolymer was chosen for investigation because of its moderately good low temperature flow properties. In general, ethylene/propylene random copolymers are very poor in low temperature flow.
  • the hydrogenated block polymer containing a styrene/- butadiene random copolymer block (Sample I) had 11 poor thickening efficiency, less than the desired effect on V1 and relatively high viscosity.
  • the block copolymer including a hydrogenated polybutadiene block (prepared by 72 percent 1,2 addition) (Sample H) showed virtually no VI enhancement effect.
  • the set of Other block copolymers e.g., a 3-block copolymer having the structure:
  • the viscosity index was determined for lubricating at 2100 ⁇ ?” h lower the viscosity 00F measured i the compositions comprising a block copolymer (same as cold crahklhg slmulamrg the h f y the 011 me polymer of Sample F, Table II of Example [1), ployed for a given multigrade oil. It is readily apparent 02%, of a pour point depressant (Same as used in from the Figure that the polymers fall into two classes, ample II), and four lubricating oils differing in VI.
  • the ethylene propyl- HVI 100N 2.0 75.9 423 176 ene random copolymer is much too susceptible to deg- HVI WON 1246 186 radation by shear to remain an SAE 1OW/5O under norvHvt IOON 0 38.7 84 129 VHVI WON L0 483 I58 184 mal service.
  • Ratio Ratio (percent HVI HVI Sample Polymer Mn X 10- w) 100 N 250 N A Hydrogenated polyisoprene 41 P S- sible B ..do 98 2.4 10/90 C.... ..do 2.1 25/75 D... Polystyrene-hydrogenated polyisoprene Vietnamese 29-51 1.9 75/25 15.... ..do 32-54 1.7 75/25 F.... ..do 38-70 1.5 72/28 6.... ..do 40-69 1.8 77/23 H Hydrogenated polystyrene-hydrogenated 21-107 2.7 25/75 polyisoprene.
  • Sequence 111 C This is an oxidation thickening test, designed to simulate conditions such as those encountered by a car pulling a trailer at mph.
  • Sequence VC This is a low temperature sludge and varnish test to indicate effect of the oil formulation on engine cleanliness.
  • Sequence 118 This test is designed to establish the rust protection properties of the oil formulation under dynamic operating conditions.
  • the SAE 10W/50 formulation having low base stock volatility and low oil consumption in service is made possible by the unique thickener, polystyrenehydrogenated polyisoprene.
  • the low temperature properties are enhanced by the vinyl pyridinemethacrylate copolymer, while oxidation inhibition and anti-wear protection are obtained by the dithiophosphate.
  • Anti-rust and engine cleanliness are promoted by the overbased calcium sulfonate and the ashless dispersant (polybutylene succinimide).
  • the entire formulation typically has only 0.8 percent sulfated ash.
  • the above formulation provides excellent sludge, varnish and wear control as indicated by the Sequence 111C, VC and L-38 tests.
  • the rust rating in the Sequence 118 test assures adequate rust protection under the most severe operating conditions.
  • the oil satisfies current shear stability requirements: that is, it stays within the SAE 10W/50 viscosity grade after (a) 1,000 simulated miles in a Ford 302-C1D shear stability test (60 mph for 17 hours) and (b) 10 hours in the L-38 engine test.
  • An additional advantage of the present invention lies in the ease of hot starting, enabled by the use of, for example, a lW/50 oil of this invention. It is a fairly common occurrence that cars experience, hot starting problems when, for example, after a high speed trip on a freeway they are stopped to refill the gas tank.
  • a comparison was made between the SAE 10W/50 oil of Example VI and a SAE 10W/30 oil as described in the Henderson patent US. Pat. No. 3,438,897. The tests were carried out on a 1972 Chevelle with a 307-CID V-8 engine to determine cranking speed as a function of coolant temperature in the jacket next to the inder wall. Results of this comparison clearly indicated at least a 10F increase in the temperature at which the engine could be started when using the SAE 10W/50 oil of this invention over the [OW/30 oil of the Henderson patent.
  • the above SAE l0W/50 formulation was run in the Sequence I18 and gave an engine rust rating of 9.0.
  • the above formulation had essentially the same components in different concentrations as the formulation of Example V1, except that magnesium sulfonates (800 percent overbased) were used in place of calcium sulfonates.
  • a lubricating oil composition comprising a. a major amount of a mineral lubricating oil having a viscosity index of at least b. a minor but effective pour point depressing amount of a pour point depressant for said oil of the group consisting of copolymers of alkyl acrylates, copolymers of alkyl methacrylates and copolymers of nitrogen-containing esters of the acrylic acid series; and
  • a block copolymer comprising 1. a single polymer block A, at least about 75 percent of which is condensed alkenyl arene units, no more than about 5 percent of the aromatic unsaturation being reduced by hydrogenation, said block A having an average molecular weight between about 10,000 and 55,000;
  • a single hydrogenated polymer block B said block, prior to hydrogenation, being a polyisoprene block; at least about percent of the olefinic unsaturation of block 13 being reduced by hydrogenation; said block B having an average molecular weight between about 20,000 and about 100,000; the weight ratio of block A to block B being between about 0.45:1 and about 0.8:1; any remaining blocks in the block copolymer having a total average molecular weight not exceeding about 7,500, being selected from alkenyl arene polymer blocks and conjugated diene polymer blocks each having the monomer identity and hydrogenation limitations recited for blocks A and B.
  • a lubricating oil composition according to claim 1 comprising a. a major amount of a mineral lubrication oil
  • A is a polymer block comprising at least about 75 percent by weight of condensed styrene units, no more than 25 percent of the aromatic unsaturation in said block being reduced by hydrogenation; and 2.
  • B is hydrogenated polymer block comprising, prior to hydrogenation, at least 75 percent by weight of condensed isoprene units, at least 95 percent of the olefinic unsaturation in said block being reduced by hydrogenation.
  • A is a homopolymer block of styrene having an av- I erage molecular weight between about 25,000 and about 50,000.
  • B is a hydrogenated homopolyisoprene block having an average molecular weight between about 35,000 and about 80,000; the weight ratio of A18 being between 0.511 and 0.721.

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GB1413298A (en) 1975-11-12
JPS4947401A (cs) 1974-05-08
DE2258966C2 (de) 1985-10-17
CA977736A (en) 1975-11-11
DE2258966A1 (de) 1973-06-07
FR2162174A1 (cs) 1973-07-13
IT971471B (it) 1974-04-30
BR7208473D0 (pt) 1973-09-25
FR2162174B1 (cs) 1978-06-30

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