US3756762A - Apparatus for compacting carbon bodies - Google Patents

Apparatus for compacting carbon bodies Download PDF

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Publication number
US3756762A
US3756762A US00007513A US3756762DA US3756762A US 3756762 A US3756762 A US 3756762A US 00007513 A US00007513 A US 00007513A US 3756762D A US3756762D A US 3756762DA US 3756762 A US3756762 A US 3756762A
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United States
Prior art keywords
shell
mass
jarring
pressure
cover
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00007513A
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English (en)
Inventor
G Maugweiler
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Alcan Holdings Switzerland AG
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Alusuisse Holdings AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B11/00—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses
    • B30B11/02—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a ram exerting pressure on the material in a moulding space
    • B30B11/022—Presses specially adapted for forming shaped articles from material in particulate or plastic state, e.g. briquetting presses, tabletting presses using a ram exerting pressure on the material in a moulding space whereby the material is subjected to vibrations

Definitions

  • the present invention discloses a method and apparatus for compacting artificial carbon bodies for use as electrodes in aluminum electrolysis and for lining the cathode portions of an electric furnace and using them as anodes in such furnace, wherein the artificial carbon mass to be compacted is placed into a mold and becomes jarred from below by a freely movable bottom member and at the same time it is loaded from above through a freely movable cover member by a gradually increasing pressure which may be accompanied by additional jarring through the cover member and through the side walls of the mold.
  • the present invention relates generally to apparatus for producing artificial carbon bodies and, more particularly it relates to apparatus for producing artificial carbon bodies which are used as electrodes in alumi- Background of the Invention
  • the above-described carbon bodies are conventionally made even today on billet, extrusion or stamping presses.
  • the shell is fixedly connected with the jarring table.
  • the oscillations having a frequency of -30 Hz are produced through an eccentric member built into the jarring tahle.
  • the covering weight is loosely placed on the mass.
  • Such devices possess a disadvantage in that they re quire a high energy consumption and exhibit strong wear as soon as larger units are made.
  • the high energyv consumption can be explained by the fact that the entire mold has to be jarred.
  • the wear of the mold is caused by the cover weight, which due to its relatively high lying center of gravity, it has a high degree of free-- dom and as a result of the intensive jarring process it moves back and forth over the mass between the shell walls.
  • the cover weight applies a constant pressure on the mass throughout the jarring process which pressure must be sufficiently large in order to obtain the desired density and compaction by the end of the jarring process and which pressure, however appears to prevent the escape of the trapped gases at the beginning of the process.
  • the invention in one aspect thereof provides apparatus for making carbon electrode bodies according to which the artificialcarbon mass to be compacted is jarred from below and at the same time it is loaded from above by a gradually increasing pressure which can be static or dynamic. Preferably both types of pressure are superimposedly applied.
  • jarring is applied from below and as well as above, then the oscillations applied from below have different characteristics from those applied from above.
  • the invention in another aspect thereof provides an apparatus according to which the bottom of the mold for receiving the artificial carbon mass for compaction is formed as a jarring table and supporting the mass, while such table being freely moveable within the shell of the mold.
  • the shell is supported in a manner decoupling it from the jarring oscillations.
  • the mold is covered by a cover member which is freely movable but closely fitting within the shell and on which pressure producing means are operative.
  • pressure producing means mechanical, hydraulic or pneumatic devices are considered according to the invention.
  • the force reactions of such devices are received in a frame construction which extends around and above the mold.
  • dynamic devices are also considered as pressure producing means which can be in the form of oscillators and mounted on the cover. Such oscillators can be used in combination with the afore-mentioned pressure producing devices.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate an embodiment of the compacting apparatus according to the invention in which the shell is supported on its sides and the pressure ap-. plied from above is produced by a pressure cylinder, FIG. 1 showing the apparatus during the process, while FIG. 2 illustrating the apparatus after the completion of the jarring process with the cover and shell lifted off;
  • FIG. 3 illustrates another embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention in which the shell is suspended freely floating
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a further embodiment of the apparatus according to the present invention'in which the Description of the Preferred Embodiments
  • the mold used for compacting the artificial carbon mass therein comprises a shell 1 and a jarring table 2 which is independent and freely movable with respect to the shell 1.
  • the jarring table 2 is mounted on spring means 3 and carries on its underside an oscillation producing means 4.
  • This oscillation producing means 4 may be in the form of electromagnetic vibrators, pneumatic jarring devices or eccentertype motors, or eccenter elements driven by a side-mountd motor.
  • the shell 1 sits on a pedestal 5 through an intermediately mounted oscillation damper 6.
  • the invention provides for guides in order to center the shell 1 with respect to the table 2.
  • the mold as formed by the shell 1 and jarring table 2 receives the artificial carbon mass 7 for compaction.
  • a cover 8 is laid which is freely movable within the shell 1.
  • the cover 8 is secured to the lower end of a rod 9 of a two-way operable pressure cylinder 10, which is constructed with a length permitting the lifting of the cover 8 sufficiently high enough to allow for the filling of the form and for the lifting of the shell 1 above the blank 11 as shown in FIG. 2 after the completion of the compacting process.
  • For the purpose of lifting the shell 1 is provided on its sides with hooks 12 which can be pivoted into engagement with the cover 8.
  • the cylinder is secured to a portal tower-like frame structure 13. According to the size of the cover several such pressure producing and lifting systems can be provided on the frame.
  • the entire molding apparatus is built on a base frame 14 which by means of intermediate oscillation dampers 15 rests on the ground 16.
  • the cover 8 itself can also be provided with oscillating devices 18 for imparting oscillations to the mass 7 from above.
  • the embodiment shown in FIG. 3 differs from the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 in that the shell 1 is not supported by a pedestal as in FIGS. 1 and 2, but it is suspended from a cable 19 or from a Gall chain which is passed over a guide roller 20 and at its free end is loaded with a counter-weight 21.
  • a locking device 22 is provided for fixing the shell 1 at a height required for the filling of the mass. After filling the locking device 22 can be released and the shell I may assume a height during the jarring process as determined by the friction forces developed between the shell 1 and the mass 7.
  • the mold With the cover 8 lifted high the mold is filled with an accurately measured plastic mass consisting of coke powder, additives and binding agents, such as, tar, at a temperature of about l00 to 180C. Then the cover 8 is lowered on the top of the mass 7 and the oscillation generator 4 mounted on the jarring table 2 is turned on.
  • an accurately measured plastic mass consisting of coke powder, additives and binding agents, such as, tar, at a temperature of about l00 to 180C.
  • suspending devices 9, 10 and 17 of the cover 8 permit there to be imparted a relatively small initial pressure by the cover at the beginning of the jarring process. As a result the air and tar vapors trapped in the mass 7 can freely escape. Due to the effect of the oscillations coming from below the mass 7 collapses relatively fast. Right at the beginning, that is,
  • a gradually increasing pressure is applied to the cover 8 by means of the pressure producing devices, such as the cylinder 10 in FIGS. 1-3, and thereby onto the mass 7, until it reaches a few kg/cm.
  • the jarring process is continued until a desired density of the blank is obtained.
  • the oscillations produced by the jarring table may not be able to pass through the entire height of the carbon mass. In such a case it becomes advantageous to impart oscillations on the mass also through the cover. It is preferred that the oscillations produced from above have different characteristics then the ones produced from below. As a result mixed or resonance oscillations take place which pass through the entire volume of the blank.
  • the compacting can be further improved according to the present invention by imparting substantiallyhorizontally directed oscillations onto the mass through the walls of the shell 1.
  • the side vibrators (not shown) can be placed in the middle region on both sides of the shell wall.
  • the shell 1 Upon completion of the jarring process the shell 1 is lifted upward as shown in FIG. 2 whereupon the blank can be ejected sideways. In the event the blank is stuck in the shell 1, the pressure on the cover 8 should be continued while the shell is being lifted.
  • An auxiliary device (not shown) can be provided to impart a light lifting to the shell 1 in such a case.
  • FIG. 4 makes it possible that a lower initial pressure could be followed up with a higher cover pressure for the compacting.
  • the relatively light cover is placed on the mass.
  • the vibrators are turned on.with gradually increasing imbalance, that is, jarring.
  • the pressure produced by the weight of the cover becomes superimposed by an increasing dynamic pressure.
  • the weight of the cover 8 can be compensated partially by the suspension system.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 are much more mechanized than the previously described embodiments.
  • the jarring table 2 is placed so high above the ground that the shell 1 after completion of the jarring process can be lowered below the jarring table. (FIG. 6).
  • Such lowering of the shell 1 can be accomplished by means of corresponding mechanical, hydraulic ,or pneumatic devices such as shown at23.
  • a conveyor 24 is provided for the removal and delivery of the completed blanks.
  • the movable aggregate comprises a charging container 26, a hydraulically operated up and down movable blank ejecting device 27 and an up and down movable cover 8 which is similarly constructed as in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • the frame structure 13 carriessecured thereto a weighing container 29-and "abacking hea'd 30 thefunction of which will be hereinafter described.
  • a weighing container 29-and "abacking hea'd 30 thefunction of which will be hereinafter described.
  • the backing head'30 functions as a backing for the mechanism 9 and 10 operating the cover 8 during the jarring processand translates the reaction forces developed during such process onto the frame structure.
  • the backing head 30 and the upper front surface of mechanism 9, 10 moving the cover 8 up and down are separated by a gap as seen in FIG.
  • the driving mechanism 9, 10 of the cover 8 is movably mounted along its longitudinal axis in the frame 32 of the movable aggregate by means of a spring 31.
  • a spring 31 permits a light sinking of the cover together with its driving mechanism under its own weight, whereupon the abovementioned gap is formed between the backing head 30 and the mechanism 9 and 10.
  • the movable aggregate assumes alternately the two positions shown in FIGS. and 6.
  • the compacting takes place through jarring.
  • the cover 8 is lowered onto the carbon mass filling the mold and the jarring begins.
  • the charging container 26 is located under the weighing container 29 which empties its contents into the former.
  • the cover is lifted up, the shell 1 is lowered and the ejector 27 lowers itself to one side of the blank.
  • the movable aggregate travels to the left end of the apparatus into its position shown in FIG. 6 wherein the ejector 27 is shown pushing the blank onto the conveyor 24.
  • the shell 1 and the ejector 27 are again lifted back to their initial position whereupon the charging container is emptied into the mold.
  • the aggregate moves again into its operating position of FIG. 5 and the operating cycle described above repeats itself.
  • the invention provides for a light conicity of the shell 1, such as, 0.1 1 percent.
  • the narrower side of the cone is turned then in the direction in which the shell is removed from the ready blank.
  • the conicity improves the removal of the shell.
  • the method according to this invention has been shown to exemplify the advantages over known methods in that the jarring table does not have to be vibrated together with the mold shell. As a result the jarring table can be made lighter then if it were to be vibrated together with the shell. Consequently, vibrators with considerably smaller driving capability can be used in accordance "with the invention. Also, since the jarring table and the shell are separate entities with no solid connection between them which could give rise to a fatigue br'eak,- the apparatus according to the present invention is exposed to less wear.
  • the pressure of the cover 8 can be adjusted as desired.
  • Apparatus for compacting a mass, especially artificial carbon mass for use as electrodes in aluminum electrolysis furnaces comprising in combination a mold shell movable in a vertical direction, a stationary bottom member arranged for free jarring movement within said shell and capable of supporting said mass, means for imparting a jarring movement to said bottom member, lifting means operable for moving said shell between a working position and a discharging position with respect to said bottom member, a movable support member arranged for movement in a horizontal direction above said shell between a first position opposite saidshell and a second position away from saidshell, pressure means disposed on said movable support member and expandable in a vertical direction towards the interior of said shell when moved into said first position, a cover member mounted on said pressure means and operable for substantially closing said mold shell at an end thereof opposite said bottom member and arranged for free movement within said shell.
  • said pressure producing means including means for lifting said cover member upward and away from said mass after completion of the compacting process.
  • said lifting means includes means for removing said shell means downwardly away from said mass and below the level of said bottom member.
  • said movable support member including resilient means for mounting said pressure producing means, said resilient means being arranged to move said pressure producing means along an axis transverse to the direction of movement of said movable support member.
  • said fixed frame means including a backing member for translating force reactions from said pressure producing means to said fixed frame means.
  • said movable support member includes a device for pushing said mass after completion of said compacting process and after displacing said mold shell, off from said bottom member, said movable support member also including charging means for charging said mass into said shell means.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)
  • Basic Packing Technique (AREA)
  • Ceramic Products (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
US00007513A 1969-02-04 1970-02-02 Apparatus for compacting carbon bodies Expired - Lifetime US3756762A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH166669A CH507170A (de) 1969-02-04 1969-02-04 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Kohlekörpern

Publications (1)

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US3756762A true US3756762A (en) 1973-09-04

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US00007513A Expired - Lifetime US3756762A (en) 1969-02-04 1970-02-02 Apparatus for compacting carbon bodies

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US (1) US3756762A (no)
JP (1) JPS4924347B1 (no)
AT (1) AT309093B (no)
BE (1) BE744995A (no)
CH (1) CH507170A (no)
DE (2) DE7003844U (no)
FR (1) FR2033909A5 (no)
GB (1) GB1236723A (no)
IS (1) IS928B6 (no)
NL (1) NL166282C (no)
NO (1) NO146189C (no)
YU (1) YU34858B (no)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3871801A (en) * 1971-11-29 1975-03-18 Pont A Mousson Machine for enclosing expanded plastic material for moulding parts
US3883278A (en) * 1971-07-19 1975-05-13 Southwire Co Anode press with vibration and compaction rate sensing means
US4017569A (en) * 1973-11-28 1977-04-12 Southwire Company Anode vibrator and press
US4105382A (en) * 1976-04-01 1978-08-08 Dyckerhoff & Widmann Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus for the production of finished prestressed concrete members
US4140744A (en) * 1974-12-04 1979-02-20 Karas Genrikh E Method of molding products from moist materials and apparatus realizing same
US4179258A (en) * 1974-12-04 1979-12-18 Karas Genrikh E Method of molding products from moist materials and apparatus realizing same
WO1984000513A1 (en) * 1982-07-23 1984-02-16 Sxd Refractories Inc Method and apparatus for forming particles into shaped articles
US4518335A (en) * 1984-03-14 1985-05-21 Allied Corporation Dilatant mold and dilatant molding apparatus
US4639204A (en) * 1985-06-12 1987-01-27 C-Tec, Inc. Apparatus for centrifugally casting concrete panels
US4729859A (en) * 1985-06-12 1988-03-08 C-Tec, Inc. Method for casting concrete panels
US5323655A (en) * 1993-04-23 1994-06-28 Troxler Electronic Laboratories, Inc. Method and apparatus for compacting material samples
US20040159060A1 (en) * 2003-02-18 2004-08-19 Gci Pipe Products Form with displaceable vibratory panel
CN102879270A (zh) * 2012-09-28 2013-01-16 江西理工大学 荷载和铝电解耦合作用下阴极炭块时变力学性能测试装置

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2023369C3 (de) * 1970-05-13 1978-08-10 Kloeckner-Humboldt-Deutz Ag, 5000 Koeln Rüttelanlage zur Herstellung von Formkörpern durch Verdichtung
JPS5451059U (no) * 1977-09-14 1979-04-09
JPS54109800A (en) * 1978-02-16 1979-08-28 Yoshiko Maruyama Descriptive chart on map or like and method of using same
DE102004060824C5 (de) * 2004-12-17 2016-10-27 Outotec Oyj Rüttelmaschine zur Herstellung von Formkörpern durch Verdichtung
CN103372910B (zh) * 2013-06-25 2015-07-15 烟台政通节能建材设备制造有限公司 自动生产墙体砌块的链铸机振动进料装置
CN111218858B (zh) * 2020-02-10 2021-09-10 中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道建筑研究所 一种密贴式弹性固化轨道系统

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US656896A (en) * 1897-08-27 1900-08-28 Chambers Brothers Co Re-press brick-machine.
DE532218C (de) * 1926-03-18 1931-08-25 Hugo Ackermann Dr Ing Steinpresse, deren Beschicker und Entlader durch eine Kurbel, Kurvenscheibe o. dgl. angetrieben werden
DE532497C (de) * 1930-04-25 1931-08-28 Th Groke Akt Ges Pendelverschluss an sich selbsttaetig oeffnenden und schliessenden Fuellvorrichtungen fuer mechanisch oder hydraulisch betriebene Steinpressen
FR1160066A (fr) * 1956-10-23 1958-07-07 Couvrot Procédé pour le pressage, le frittage et l'emboutissage de matières et d'objets divers et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé
US2909826A (en) * 1954-03-26 1959-10-27 Internat Clay Machinery Of Del Apparatus for compacting granular materials
US3041701A (en) * 1959-03-04 1962-07-03 Gates Major Earl Brick press

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1250323B (de) * 1967-09-14 RINO Werke o HG Maschinen fabrik Bammental bei Heidelberg Maschine zum Her stellen von Formlingen, insbesondere von dünnen Platten aus Beton od dgl
DE1630665U (de) * 1950-03-02 1951-11-15 Heinrich Becker Maschine zur herstellung von kunststeinen und platten.
DE1951457A1 (de) * 1969-10-13 1971-04-22 J U H Krautkraemer Ges F Elekt Schalteinrichtung zum Sparen von Versorgungsenergie,insbesondere fuer batteriebetriebene,elektronische Geraete

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US656896A (en) * 1897-08-27 1900-08-28 Chambers Brothers Co Re-press brick-machine.
DE532218C (de) * 1926-03-18 1931-08-25 Hugo Ackermann Dr Ing Steinpresse, deren Beschicker und Entlader durch eine Kurbel, Kurvenscheibe o. dgl. angetrieben werden
DE532497C (de) * 1930-04-25 1931-08-28 Th Groke Akt Ges Pendelverschluss an sich selbsttaetig oeffnenden und schliessenden Fuellvorrichtungen fuer mechanisch oder hydraulisch betriebene Steinpressen
US2909826A (en) * 1954-03-26 1959-10-27 Internat Clay Machinery Of Del Apparatus for compacting granular materials
FR1160066A (fr) * 1956-10-23 1958-07-07 Couvrot Procédé pour le pressage, le frittage et l'emboutissage de matières et d'objets divers et dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé
US3041701A (en) * 1959-03-04 1962-07-03 Gates Major Earl Brick press

Cited By (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3883278A (en) * 1971-07-19 1975-05-13 Southwire Co Anode press with vibration and compaction rate sensing means
US3871801A (en) * 1971-11-29 1975-03-18 Pont A Mousson Machine for enclosing expanded plastic material for moulding parts
US4017569A (en) * 1973-11-28 1977-04-12 Southwire Company Anode vibrator and press
US4140744A (en) * 1974-12-04 1979-02-20 Karas Genrikh E Method of molding products from moist materials and apparatus realizing same
US4179258A (en) * 1974-12-04 1979-12-18 Karas Genrikh E Method of molding products from moist materials and apparatus realizing same
US4105382A (en) * 1976-04-01 1978-08-08 Dyckerhoff & Widmann Aktiengesellschaft Apparatus for the production of finished prestressed concrete members
WO1984000513A1 (en) * 1982-07-23 1984-02-16 Sxd Refractories Inc Method and apparatus for forming particles into shaped articles
US4518335A (en) * 1984-03-14 1985-05-21 Allied Corporation Dilatant mold and dilatant molding apparatus
US4639204A (en) * 1985-06-12 1987-01-27 C-Tec, Inc. Apparatus for centrifugally casting concrete panels
US4729859A (en) * 1985-06-12 1988-03-08 C-Tec, Inc. Method for casting concrete panels
US5323655A (en) * 1993-04-23 1994-06-28 Troxler Electronic Laboratories, Inc. Method and apparatus for compacting material samples
US20040159060A1 (en) * 2003-02-18 2004-08-19 Gci Pipe Products Form with displaceable vibratory panel
WO2004074201A2 (en) * 2003-02-18 2004-09-02 Gci Pipe Products Form with displaceable vibratory panel
WO2004074201A3 (en) * 2003-02-18 2005-07-07 Gci Pipe Products Form with displaceable vibratory panel
US6939121B2 (en) * 2003-02-18 2005-09-06 Gci Pipe Products, Inc. Form with displaceable vibratory panel
US20060022369A1 (en) * 2003-02-18 2006-02-02 Giri Kiran P Form with displaceable vibratory panel
CN102879270A (zh) * 2012-09-28 2013-01-16 江西理工大学 荷载和铝电解耦合作用下阴极炭块时变力学性能测试装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1236723A (en) 1971-06-23
DE7003844U (de) 1970-05-21
BE744995A (fr) 1970-07-01
NL166282C (nl) 1981-07-15
DE2005064C2 (de) 1984-07-12
YU26770A (en) 1979-10-31
DE2005064A1 (de) 1970-08-13
IS1902A7 (is) 1970-02-25
NL7001373A (no) 1970-08-06
IS928B6 (is) 1976-05-10
NO146189C (no) 1982-08-18
JPS4924347B1 (no) 1974-06-21
YU34858B (en) 1980-04-30
NO146189B (no) 1982-05-10
FR2033909A5 (no) 1970-12-04
CH507170A (de) 1971-05-15
NL166282B (nl) 1981-02-16
AT309093B (de) 1972-08-10

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