US3747335A - Method and apparatus for controlling a metallurgical furnace turbo compressor - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for controlling a metallurgical furnace turbo compressor Download PDF

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Publication number
US3747335A
US3747335A US00096348A US3747335DA US3747335A US 3747335 A US3747335 A US 3747335A US 00096348 A US00096348 A US 00096348A US 3747335D A US3747335D A US 3747335DA US 3747335 A US3747335 A US 3747335A
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United States
Prior art keywords
turbocompressor
line
compressed
air
turbine
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00096348A
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English (en)
Inventor
R Strub
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Brown Boveri Sulzer Turbomaschinen AG
Sulzer Escher Wyss AG
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Brown Boveri Sulzer Turbomaschinen AG
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Assigned to SULZER-ESCHER WYSS AG, A CORP OF SWITZERLAND reassignment SULZER-ESCHER WYSS AG, A CORP OF SWITZERLAND ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: BROWN BOVERI-SULZER TURBOMACHINERY LIMITED, JAKOB WYDLER, LIQUIDATOR
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
    • F04D27/00—Control, e.g. regulation, of pumps, pumping installations or pumping systems specially adapted for elastic fluids
    • F04D27/02—Surge control
    • F04D27/0246—Surge control by varying geometry within the pumps, e.g. by adjusting vanes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B5/00—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace
    • C21B5/06—Making pig-iron in the blast furnace using top gas in the blast furnace process
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B9/00—Stoves for heating the blast in blast furnaces
    • C21B9/10—Other details, e.g. blast mains
    • C21B9/12—Hot-blast valves or slides for blast furnaces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C6/00—Plural gas-turbine plants; Combinations of gas-turbine plants with other apparatus; Adaptations of gas-turbine plants for special use
    • F02C6/04—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output
    • F02C6/10—Gas-turbine plants providing heated or pressurised working fluid for other apparatus, e.g. without mechanical power output supplying working fluid to a user, e.g. a chemical process, which returns working fluid to a turbine of the plant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02C—GAS-TURBINE PLANTS; AIR INTAKES FOR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS; CONTROLLING FUEL SUPPLY IN AIR-BREATHING JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F02C9/00—Controlling gas-turbine plants; Controlling fuel supply in air- breathing jet-propulsion plants
    • F02C9/16—Control of working fluid flow
    • F02C9/20—Control of working fluid flow by throttling; by adjusting vanes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21B—MANUFACTURE OF IRON OR STEEL
    • C21B2100/00—Handling of exhaust gases produced during the manufacture of iron or steel
    • C21B2100/60—Process control or energy utilisation in the manufacture of iron or steel
    • C21B2100/64—Controlling the physical properties of the gas, e.g. pressure or temperature

Definitions

  • blade angle is adjusted in dependence on the speed of the turbomachinery shaft and the amount of compressed air delivered by the turbocompressor can be divided between the compressed air line to the plant and a branch line to a reduced pressure zone so as to prevent pumping of the turbocompressor.
  • furnace plants have been known in which compressed air necessary to support combustion has been supplied over a compressed-air line to a furnace in which combustion has taken place at elevated pressure.
  • These plants have usually exhausted the combustion gases from the furnaces at elevated pressures to a turbine which, in turn, has driven a turbocompressor delivering compressed air to the compressed-air line.
  • a turbocompressor In order to control the turbocompressor sections of these plants, it has been the usual practice to act on the turbine input gas flow.
  • the possibilities of adaptation of this kind of control to the special features of the furnace have been limited because only some of the gas can then be supplied to the turbine while the re mainder must be discharged elsewhere as a reserve supply for control purposes. As a result, the available gases cannot be utilized economically enough.
  • the speed control is also provided with a means for adjusting the speed set value.
  • This adjusting means can be adjusted, tag in dependence upon the pressure in the-compressed-air line.
  • the compressor op-. eration can always be controlled so as to deliver in optimum circumstances the quantity of air corresponding to the available power.
  • turbocompressor delivery line is connected to a branch line which leads to a reducedpressure zone.
  • This branch line includes a control system which is adjusted by a senser which measures the air delivery of the turbocompressor.
  • This metering system serves to control a means for adjusting the air quantity set value at which a regulating element in the branch line begins to open.
  • the means for adjusting the air quantity set value is itself adjusted by the pressure in the turbocompressor delivery line. This prevents the turbocompressor from operating near its pumping limit. When little air is being taken from the compressed-air line, the quantity of air which prevents the compressor from starting to be pumpted discharges through the branch line. Any return of air from the compressed-air line to thecompressor or into the branch line is prevented by the provision of a check valve in the delivery line, a feature which may be particularly useful when air has to be bled through the branch line to prevent pumping of the turbocompressor.
  • the turbine feed line also has a stop member which is closed under the control of a quick-acting controller when the turbocompressor reaches maximum permissible speed. This case might occur if the turbocompressor should suddenly prove unable to absorb the power from the turbine, the result of which might cause the turbo-machinery to race. It is also recommended, in this case, that a branch line which has a straightthrough valve and which extends to an area of reduced pressure be connected to the turbine feed line at a place upstream of the straight-through member, and to have the straight-through valve opened under the control of a quickacting controller when the turbocompressor reaches maximum permissible speed.
  • FIG. I diagrammatically illustrates a view 'of a furnace plant controlled in accordance with the invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a PV diagram of the turbocompressor.
  • a metallurgical or blast furnace l is supplied through a supply line 2 with combustionsupporting air at elevated pressure.
  • the waste gases of combustion leave the blast furnace l, at a pressure which, although reduced by the pressure drop in the blast furnace l, is still considerable, through a line 3 and pass to a gas turbine 4.
  • the turbine Adrives via a coupling 5, a turbocompressor 6 having at least one row or ring of rotatable adjustable stator blades 7 (only one of which is shown).
  • the compressor 6 intakes air from atmosphere through a line 8 and delivers compressed air through a delivery line 9 to a compressedair line 10 which in turn is connected to at least the blast furnace air supply line 2.
  • a speed controller 11 driven by the turbomachinery shaft acts through the agency of a servomotor 12 on the ring of adjustable blades 7 so that the compressor efficiency decreases as speed decreases and increases as speed increases.
  • a setvalue adjustment system 13 As is known, the required set value of the turbomachine can be determined in ac cordance with the pressure'P-l in the line 10. However, since the pressure therein is maintained constant, the speed too remains constant unless the pressure in the line 10 changes.
  • a branch line 14 comprising a regulator valve 15 is connected to the turbocompressor delivery line 9.
  • the line 14 extends to an area at a reduced pressure, such as a discharge line through which air delivered in excess can discharge to atmosphere above the roof (not 3 shown of the plant.
  • the regulator valve 15 is actuated by a. servomotor 16 which is controlled by a senser 17 of conventional structure which, in turn, is controlled by the quantity of air flowing through line 9 to line 10.
  • the regulator valve 15 starts to open when the quantity of air entering line becomes so small that the turbocompressor 6 is near the critical level at which pumping begins.
  • a quick-acting shutoff element 19 under the control of a quick-acting shutoff controller 20 is interposed in the line 3. If speed becomes excessive, the element 19 closes to prevent the turbomachinery from racing. Also, a branch line comprising a straight-through valve 22 is connected to the line 3 upstream of the element 19. The valve 22 is also controlled by the controller 20 as is known, so that upon closure of the element 19, the blast furnace waste gas passes through the line 21 to a lower-pressure area. This feature ensures that a rapid shutdown of the turbomachinery does not disturb the blast furnace operation.
  • the compressor 6 shown is an axial-flow machine wherein either the inlet stator blades, e.g., a ring preceding the first stage or inter-stage rings or a final ring after the final stage can be adjusted. If required, however, radial-flow compressors can be used, in which event appropriate inlet turbulence devices or turbulence devices in the diffusers are used. In special cases, it might be possible for rotor rings of axial-flow compressors to be adjustable.
  • the normal operating condition is at point F on the line P], the compressor having a particular performance N at a speed R.
  • the adjustable blades 7 are at a blade angle B.
  • the turbine output decreases, e.g. because either the quantity of gas or the pressure or the temperature decreases, the operating point shifts from point F to pointF', the blade angle B changing.
  • the control adjusts the blade, for instance, to the blade angle 8' at the point F. If there still is a tendency to shift towards the critical pumping level A, the metering control system 15, 16, 17 then opens the regulator valve so that air can discharge through the line 14 and the total delivery of the compressor 6 increases, operation shifting back towards the point F so that the pumping zone above the curve A is not reached.
  • An apparatus as set forth in claim 1 which further comprises a supply line connected between said furnace and said turbine for delivering the combustion gas to said turbine, a shut-off element in said supply line for selectively closing off the flow of gas through said supply line to said turbine, and a quick-acting controller connected between said turbine and said element for actuating said element to close off the flow of gas to said turbine in response to a measurement of a predetermined speed of said turbine.
  • An apparatus for controlling a furnace plant having at least one furnace, a compressed-air line connected to said furnace to supply compressed air thereto, a turbine connected to said furnace to receive combustion gas therefrom and a turbocompressor drivingly connected to said turbine to be driven thereby and connected to said compressed air line to deliver compressed air thereto, said turbocompressor having an adjustable blade system therein; said apparatus comprising a speed controller connected to said turbocompressor to be driven thereby and to said adjustable blade system for changing the blade angle of said system to vary the efficiency of said turbocompressor while maintaining a constant turbocompressor speed and to maintain a constant pressure in said compressed-air line, as created therein by a separately driven compressor, a delivery line between said turbocompressor and said compressed-air line, a branch line connected between said delivery line and a reduced pressure zone, and a control system in said branch line for controlling a flow of compressed air through said branch line, said control system including means in said delivery line for measuring the air delivery of said turbocompressor and for actuating said control system in dependence on
  • control system includes a regulating valve in said branch line responsive to an air quantity set value in said system for opening thereof, and means responsive to the pressure in said delivery line for adjusting said air quantity set value.
  • An apparatus as set forth in claim 3 which further comprises a check value in said delivery line between i said branch line and said compressed-air line for preventing a back flow of air from said compressed-air line to said branch line and said turbocompressor.
  • a metallurgical furnace plant having at least one furnace producing a flow of combustion gas, a compressed-air line connected to said furnace to supply compressed air thereto at a constant pressure, a turbine connected to said furnace to receive the flow of combustion gas therefrom and to be driven thereby, and a turbocompressor drivingly connected to said turbine to be driven thereby and connected to said compressed air line to deliver compressed air thereto at constant pressure, said turbocompressor having an adjustable blade system therein; an apparatus for controlling said plant comprising a speed controller connected to said turbocompressor to be driven thereby and to said adjustable blade system for changing the blade angle of said blade system to vary the efficiency of said turbocompressor while maintaining a constant turbocompressor speed to maintain a constant air pressure in said compressed-air line, said speed controller having a predetermined speed set value and means for adjusting said speed set value, said means being connected to said compressed air line for adjustment in dependence upon the pressure in said compressed-air line as created therein by a separately driven compressor.
  • a method of controlling a metallurgical furnace plant having at least one furnace producing a flow of combustion gas, a compressed-air line connected to said furnace to supply compressed air thereto at a constant pressure, a turbine connected to said furnace to receive combustion gas therefrom and to be driven thereby and a turbocompressor drivingly connected to said turbine to be driven thereby and connected to said compressed air line to deliver compressed air thereto at a constant pressure, said turbocompressor having an adjustable blade system therein; said method including the steps of setting a set-value for the speed of said turbocompressor in dependence on the pressure in said compressed-air line said pressure created therein by a separately driven compressor;
  • An apparatus as set forth in claim 2 which further comprises a branch line connected to said supply line upstream of said shut-off element and to a reduced pressure area, and a straight-through valve in said branch line connected to said controller for actuation thereby to open said branch line to a flow of gas in response to the measurement of said predetermined speed of said turbine.
  • An apparatus as set forth in claim 1 which further comprises a check valve between said turbocompressor and said compressed-air line for preventing a flow back of air from said line to said turbocompressor.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Control Of Positive-Displacement Air Blowers (AREA)
  • Control Of Turbines (AREA)
US00096348A 1969-12-19 1970-12-09 Method and apparatus for controlling a metallurgical furnace turbo compressor Expired - Lifetime US3747335A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH8370A CH517929A (de) 1969-12-19 1969-12-19 Ofenanlage zur thermischen Behandlung von Metallen

Publications (1)

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US00096348A Expired - Lifetime US3747335A (en) 1969-12-19 1970-12-09 Method and apparatus for controlling a metallurgical furnace turbo compressor

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3747335A (xx)
BE (1) BE760481A (xx)
CA (1) CA941743A (xx)
CH (1) CH517929A (xx)
DE (1) DE1964758B2 (xx)
FR (1) FR2072222A1 (xx)
GB (1) GB1325716A (xx)
NL (1) NL7000918A (xx)

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4069660A (en) * 1975-08-08 1978-01-24 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Chemical reaction furnace system
US4072006A (en) * 1975-07-19 1978-02-07 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Chemical reaction furnace system
US4183506A (en) * 1977-09-21 1980-01-15 Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. Protective device for turbine driven by exhaust gas from blast furnace
US4192489A (en) * 1977-07-22 1980-03-11 Babich Vladimir A Control system for an installation utilizing pressure energy of outgoing blast-furnace gas
US4502833A (en) * 1981-10-21 1985-03-05 Hitachi, Ltd. Monitoring system for screw compressor
EP0203353A1 (de) * 1985-04-20 1986-12-03 Mtu Motoren- Und Turbinen-Union MàœNchen Gmbh Gekühlte Gasturbine mit lastabhängig regelbarer Kühlluftmenge
EP0319849A1 (en) * 1987-12-09 1989-06-14 Hitachi, Ltd. Gas turbine system and method of controlling the same
WO1992003687A1 (en) * 1990-08-14 1992-03-05 Abb Carbon Ab Method of responding to load changes in a pfbc plant
US5622044A (en) * 1992-11-09 1997-04-22 Ormat Industries Ltd. Apparatus for augmenting power produced from gas turbines
US5704209A (en) * 1994-02-28 1998-01-06 Ormat Industries Ltd Externally fired combined cycle gas turbine system
EP0916825A3 (de) * 1997-11-14 2000-11-15 VOEST-ALPINE INDUSTRIEANLAGENBAU GESELLSCHAFT m.b.H. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Nutzung von Abwärme aus Abgasen
CN102373305A (zh) * 2011-09-30 2012-03-14 西安胜唐鼓风机有限公司 一种用于高炉尾气能量回收的透平增压机组
CN102392088A (zh) * 2011-09-30 2012-03-28 西安胜唐鼓风机有限公司 鼓风机机尾气能量回收在线联动系统
WO2018020413A1 (en) * 2016-07-26 2018-02-01 Turboden Spa Control method of a compressor mechanically coupled to a turbine

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
HU174031B (hu) * 1976-11-09 1979-10-28 Mta Mueszaki Kemiai Kutato Int Sposob i oborudovanie dlja snabzhenija teplom tekhnologicheskikh processov, proiskhodjahhikh v zakrytom prostranstve
CN114483612B (zh) * 2022-03-04 2024-01-05 中国商用飞机有限责任公司 空气动力涡轮压缩系统

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2478423A (en) * 1947-08-06 1949-08-09 Westinghouse Electric Corp Axial flow compressor
US2619798A (en) * 1943-12-23 1952-12-02 Strub Rene Semiclosed circuit type gas turbine plant having extraction controlled by circuit turbine governor
US2811302A (en) * 1954-02-24 1957-10-29 Power Jets Res & Dev Ltd Gas turbine plant and control arrangements therefor
US2931168A (en) * 1955-05-24 1960-04-05 Gen Electric Variable stator engine control system
US3060680A (en) * 1957-12-30 1962-10-30 Rolls Royce By-pass gas-turbine engine and control therefor
US3066488A (en) * 1959-11-04 1962-12-04 Bendix Corp Power output control for a gas turbine engine
US3303348A (en) * 1964-08-11 1967-02-07 Nordberg Manufacturing Co Engine air-fuel ratio control in response to generator output
US3421314A (en) * 1965-03-20 1969-01-14 Buckau Wolf Maschf R Air-fuel ratio control system
US3500636A (en) * 1966-02-18 1970-03-17 Ass Elect Ind Gas turbine plants

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2619798A (en) * 1943-12-23 1952-12-02 Strub Rene Semiclosed circuit type gas turbine plant having extraction controlled by circuit turbine governor
US2478423A (en) * 1947-08-06 1949-08-09 Westinghouse Electric Corp Axial flow compressor
US2811302A (en) * 1954-02-24 1957-10-29 Power Jets Res & Dev Ltd Gas turbine plant and control arrangements therefor
US2931168A (en) * 1955-05-24 1960-04-05 Gen Electric Variable stator engine control system
US3060680A (en) * 1957-12-30 1962-10-30 Rolls Royce By-pass gas-turbine engine and control therefor
US3066488A (en) * 1959-11-04 1962-12-04 Bendix Corp Power output control for a gas turbine engine
US3303348A (en) * 1964-08-11 1967-02-07 Nordberg Manufacturing Co Engine air-fuel ratio control in response to generator output
US3421314A (en) * 1965-03-20 1969-01-14 Buckau Wolf Maschf R Air-fuel ratio control system
US3500636A (en) * 1966-02-18 1970-03-17 Ass Elect Ind Gas turbine plants

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4072006A (en) * 1975-07-19 1978-02-07 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Chemical reaction furnace system
US4069660A (en) * 1975-08-08 1978-01-24 Kawasaki Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Chemical reaction furnace system
US4192489A (en) * 1977-07-22 1980-03-11 Babich Vladimir A Control system for an installation utilizing pressure energy of outgoing blast-furnace gas
US4183506A (en) * 1977-09-21 1980-01-15 Mitsui Engineering & Shipbuilding Co., Ltd. Protective device for turbine driven by exhaust gas from blast furnace
US4502833A (en) * 1981-10-21 1985-03-05 Hitachi, Ltd. Monitoring system for screw compressor
EP0203353A1 (de) * 1985-04-20 1986-12-03 Mtu Motoren- Und Turbinen-Union MàœNchen Gmbh Gekühlte Gasturbine mit lastabhängig regelbarer Kühlluftmenge
EP0319849A1 (en) * 1987-12-09 1989-06-14 Hitachi, Ltd. Gas turbine system and method of controlling the same
WO1992003687A1 (en) * 1990-08-14 1992-03-05 Abb Carbon Ab Method of responding to load changes in a pfbc plant
ES2087810A1 (es) * 1990-08-14 1996-07-16 Abb Carbon Ab Metodo para responder a los cambios de carga en una planta pfbc.
US5622044A (en) * 1992-11-09 1997-04-22 Ormat Industries Ltd. Apparatus for augmenting power produced from gas turbines
US5704209A (en) * 1994-02-28 1998-01-06 Ormat Industries Ltd Externally fired combined cycle gas turbine system
EP0916825A3 (de) * 1997-11-14 2000-11-15 VOEST-ALPINE INDUSTRIEANLAGENBAU GESELLSCHAFT m.b.H. Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Nutzung von Abwärme aus Abgasen
CN102373305A (zh) * 2011-09-30 2012-03-14 西安胜唐鼓风机有限公司 一种用于高炉尾气能量回收的透平增压机组
CN102392088A (zh) * 2011-09-30 2012-03-28 西安胜唐鼓风机有限公司 鼓风机机尾气能量回收在线联动系统
WO2018020413A1 (en) * 2016-07-26 2018-02-01 Turboden Spa Control method of a compressor mechanically coupled to a turbine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2072222A1 (xx) 1971-09-24
BE760481A (fr) 1971-06-17
NL7000918A (xx) 1971-06-22
CA941743A (en) 1974-02-12
DE1964758B2 (de) 1972-03-30
DE1964758A1 (de) 1971-07-22
GB1325716A (en) 1973-08-08
CH517929A (de) 1972-01-15

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AS Assignment

Owner name: SULZER-ESCHER WYSS AG, A CORP OF SWITZERLAND, SWIT

Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:BROWN BOVERI-SULZER TURBOMACHINERY LIMITED, JAKOB WYDLER, LIQUIDATOR;REEL/FRAME:005221/0890

Effective date: 19890530