WO1992003687A1 - Method of responding to load changes in a pfbc plant - Google Patents
Method of responding to load changes in a pfbc plant Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO1992003687A1 WO1992003687A1 PCT/SE1991/000528 SE9100528W WO9203687A1 WO 1992003687 A1 WO1992003687 A1 WO 1992003687A1 SE 9100528 W SE9100528 W SE 9100528W WO 9203687 A1 WO9203687 A1 WO 9203687A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- compressor
- plant
- pfbc plant
- air
- pressure vessel
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
- F23L5/00—Blast-producing apparatus before the fire
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K23/00—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids
- F01K23/02—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled
- F01K23/06—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle
- F01K23/061—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with combustion in a fluidised bed
- F01K23/062—Plants characterised by more than one engine delivering power external to the plant, the engines being driven by different fluids the engine cycles being thermally coupled combustion heat from one cycle heating the fluid in another cycle with combustion in a fluidised bed the combustion bed being pressurised
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method of improving the accessibility of a PFBC plant having a compressor for pressurizing the pressure vessel of the PFBC plant.
- the turbine unit will be of a less complicated structure and moreover more reliable if the compressor is driven directly from the turbine shaft but since such single shaft turbine units, including the compressor, rotate at a constant rpm the intake air volume per time unit ( ⁇ r/s) of the compressor always will be constant ⁇ which means that also the air mass per time unit (kg/s) always will be constant disregarding the change of the mass flow rate due to existing variations in the density of the intake air (the outside air) .
- the method of the invention includes the characterizing features of claim 1.
- the plant includes a gas generator of PFBC type which comprises a pressure vessel 10 including a com- bustion chamber 11 having one or more fluidized beds to which pressurized air is supplied - fluidizing air and combustion air - from the pressure vessel, and having a flue gas outlet 12.
- a gas generator of PFBC type which comprises a pressure vessel 10 including a com- bustion chamber 11 having one or more fluidized beds to which pressurized air is supplied - fluidizing air and combustion air - from the pressure vessel, and having a flue gas outlet 12.
- steam is produced which is supplied to a turbine 14 in a single shaft turbine unit which is connected to an electric generator 15 for production of electric power.
- the single shaft turbine unit also comprises a compressor 16 which is driven by the steam turbine 14 or by an expansion turbine wherein the flue gas from the combustion chamber 11 is allowed to expand, and this compressor is connected at the pressure side thereof to the pressure vessel 10, the suction side of the com ⁇ pressor taking air from the surroundings via a single stage expansion turbine 17 which is also connected to the shaft of the turbine unit.
- the turbine 17 has symmetric blade profiles and is provided with a ring 18 of rotatable inlet vanes.
- the ring of vanes is adjusted to provide a relatively great reduction of the air flow.
- the air taken in by the compressor 16 then will expand in the turbine 17, causing a pressure drop upstream of the compressor and thus a lower density (in relation to the surrounding air) of the air taken in by the compressor. Since the compressor rotates at constant rpm and thus always takes in the same volume flow ( ⁇ /s), the mass flow (kg/s) taken in will be correspondingly lower as compared with the mass flow that should be taken in by the compressor when the air is taken directly from the surroundings and not via the turbine 17.
- the expansion turbine will operate as a compressor, i.e. as a supercharger of the compressor 16, which means that the compressor 16 will take in air at a higher pressure and thus will supply a higher mass flow to the pressure vessel 10.
- This adjustment is thus to be used when the PFBC plant shall operate at full load.
- the adjustment of the ring of vanes 18 can be effected rapidly with a following rapid change of the mass flow from the compressor 16 which means that the accessibility of thet plant will be high because the pressure vessel 10 can be pressurized, loaded, rapidly to the extent required in order to change the plant from partial load to full load.
- An acceptable efficiency, i.e. maintenance of sub ⁇ stantially the same excess air factor, over the total load range of the PFBC plant can be obtained by properly dimensioning the compressor 16 and the turbine 17, which falls within the knowledge of the average man skilled in the art.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Supercharger (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a method of improving the accessibility of a PFBC plant having a compressor (16) for pressurizing the pressure vessel of the PFBC plant (10), wherein in order to increase the power of the PFBC plant from a low value to a high value the pressure in the pressure vessel (10) is increased by switching over an expansion turbine (17) connected directly mechanically to the compressor (16), to operation as a supercharger for increasing the mass flow of air from the compressor.
Description
Method of responding to load changes in a PFBC plant
The invention relates to a method of improving the accessibility of a PFBC plant having a compressor for pressurizing the pressure vessel of the PFBC plant.
When the power of a PFBC plant is to be increased while an acceptable (optimal) efficiency is maintained, which means that the PFBC plant is to be operated at a substantially constant excess air factor independently of the load condition (at low power air at a lower mass flow rate and at high power air at a higher mass flow rate should be supplied to the combustion chamber) , then the pressure in the pressure vessel has to be increased - the pressure vessel has to be "loaded" - in order to increase the mass flow to the combustion chamber including the fluidized bed (combuster) enclosed in the pressure vessel. This loading is effected according to the present technique by increasing the rpm of the compressor, which implies that the compressor is driven separately. However, the turbine unit will be of a less complicated structure and moreover more reliable if the compressor is driven directly from the turbine shaft but since such single shaft turbine units, including the compressor, rotate at a constant rpm the intake air volume per time unit (πr/s) of the compressor always will be constant^ which means that also the air mass per time unit (kg/s) always will be constant disregarding the change of the mass flow rate due to existing variations in the density of the intake air (the outside air) . In order that such a turbine unit will have high accessibility while the above-mentioned requirement of maintaining the same excess air factor at all loads is met, which implies variation of the mass flow rate to the
combustion chamber - operation at partial load may require a reduction of the mass flow rate to 40 % of the mass flow rate at full load - it is required that the compressor has to be reconstructed and provided with a great number of rows of rotatable vanes. This will be expensive and thus considerably reduces the economic advantage of using a single shaft turbine unit, the accessibility of the plant at the same time being negatively affected because a great number of rotatable vanes makes the plant complicated and may cause dis- turbences of the operation.
In order to provide the rapid mass flow change aimed at in a PFBC plant of the kind referred to above for a rapid loading of the pressure vessel when the power is to be increased, and thus to increase the accessibi¬ lity of the plant by using a turbine unit which is of a less complicated structure, the method of the invention includes the characterizing features of claim 1.
In order to explain the invention in more detail reference is made to the accompanying drawing which discloses diagrammatically a PFBC plant for working the method of the invention.
The plant includes a gas generator of PFBC type which comprises a pressure vessel 10 including a com- bustion chamber 11 having one or more fluidized beds to which pressurized air is supplied - fluidizing air and combustion air - from the pressure vessel, and having a flue gas outlet 12. In heat coils 13 in the combustion chamber steam is produced which is supplied to a turbine 14 in a single shaft turbine unit which is connected to an electric generator 15 for production of electric power. The single shaft turbine unit also comprises a compressor 16 which is driven by the steam turbine 14 or by an expansion turbine wherein the flue gas from the
combustion chamber 11 is allowed to expand, and this compressor is connected at the pressure side thereof to the pressure vessel 10, the suction side of the com¬ pressor taking air from the surroundings via a single stage expansion turbine 17 which is also connected to the shaft of the turbine unit. The turbine 17 has symmetric blade profiles and is provided with a ring 18 of rotatable inlet vanes.
When the PFBC operates at partial load the ring of vanes is adjusted to provide a relatively great reduction of the air flow. The air taken in by the compressor 16 then will expand in the turbine 17, causing a pressure drop upstream of the compressor and thus a lower density (in relation to the surrounding air) of the air taken in by the compressor. Since the compressor rotates at constant rpm and thus always takes in the same volume flow (π /s), the mass flow (kg/s) taken in will be correspondingly lower as compared with the mass flow that should be taken in by the compressor when the air is taken directly from the surroundings and not via the turbine 17.
If the ring of vanes 18 is opened completely the expansion turbine will operate as a compressor, i.e. as a supercharger of the compressor 16, which means that the compressor 16 will take in air at a higher pressure and thus will supply a higher mass flow to the pressure vessel 10. This adjustment is thus to be used when the PFBC plant shall operate at full load. The adjustment of the ring of vanes 18 can be effected rapidly with a following rapid change of the mass flow from the compressor 16 which means that the accessibility of thet plant will be high because the pressure vessel 10 can be pressurized, loaded, rapidly to the extent required in order to change the plant from partial load to full load.
An acceptable efficiency, i.e. maintenance of sub¬ stantially the same excess air factor, over the total load range of the PFBC plant can be obtained by properly dimensioning the compressor 16 and the turbine 17, which falls within the knowledge of the average man skilled in the art.
Claims
CLAIMS Method of improving the accessibility of a PFBC plant having a compressor (16) for pressurizing the pressure vessel (10) of the PFBC plant, c h a r a c t e r i z e d in that in order to increase the power of the PFBC plant from a low value to a high value, preferably a maximum value, the pressure in the pressure vessel (10) is increased by switching over an expansion turbine (17) connected directly mechanically to the compressor (16), for operation as a supercharger for increasing the mass flow of air from the compressor.
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| GB9301846A GB2265187B (en) | 1990-08-14 | 1993-01-29 | Method of responding to load changes in a PFBC plant |
| FI930622A FI96717C (en) | 1990-08-14 | 1993-02-12 | A method for improving the responsiveness of a PFBC plant |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE9002639-4 | 1990-08-14 | ||
| SE9002639A SE501736C2 (en) | 1990-08-14 | 1990-08-14 | Ways to quickly supply the required airflow at a PFBC plant in case of a power increase |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO1992003687A1 true WO1992003687A1 (en) | 1992-03-05 |
Family
ID=20380146
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/SE1991/000528 WO1992003687A1 (en) | 1990-08-14 | 1991-08-12 | Method of responding to load changes in a pfbc plant |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| JP (1) | JPH05509389A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE4191937T (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2087810B1 (en) |
| FI (1) | FI96717C (en) |
| GB (1) | GB2265187B (en) |
| SE (1) | SE501736C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1992003687A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE509666C2 (en) * | 1995-11-28 | 1999-02-22 | Abb Carbon Ab | Method and apparatus for supplying air to a combustion chamber |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3747335A (en) * | 1969-12-19 | 1973-07-24 | Bbc Sulzer Turbomaschinen | Method and apparatus for controlling a metallurgical furnace turbo compressor |
| US3975900A (en) * | 1972-02-18 | 1976-08-24 | Engelhard Minerals & Chemicals Corporation | Method and apparatus for turbine system combustor temperature |
| US4170874A (en) * | 1972-11-13 | 1979-10-16 | Stal-Laval Turbin Ab | Gas turbine unit |
| US4660375A (en) * | 1982-09-27 | 1987-04-28 | The English Electric Company Limited | Power-generation plant and method |
| US4893466A (en) * | 1986-04-29 | 1990-01-16 | Asea Stal Ab | Method of operating a gas turbine unit |
-
1990
- 1990-08-14 SE SE9002639A patent/SE501736C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
-
1991
- 1991-08-12 WO PCT/SE1991/000528 patent/WO1992003687A1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-08-12 ES ES9250017A patent/ES2087810B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-08-12 DE DE19914191937 patent/DE4191937T/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1991-08-12 JP JP51401091A patent/JPH05509389A/en active Pending
-
1993
- 1993-01-29 GB GB9301846A patent/GB2265187B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1993-02-12 FI FI930622A patent/FI96717C/en active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3747335A (en) * | 1969-12-19 | 1973-07-24 | Bbc Sulzer Turbomaschinen | Method and apparatus for controlling a metallurgical furnace turbo compressor |
| US3975900A (en) * | 1972-02-18 | 1976-08-24 | Engelhard Minerals & Chemicals Corporation | Method and apparatus for turbine system combustor temperature |
| US4170874A (en) * | 1972-11-13 | 1979-10-16 | Stal-Laval Turbin Ab | Gas turbine unit |
| US4660375A (en) * | 1982-09-27 | 1987-04-28 | The English Electric Company Limited | Power-generation plant and method |
| US4893466A (en) * | 1986-04-29 | 1990-01-16 | Asea Stal Ab | Method of operating a gas turbine unit |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FI96717B (en) | 1996-04-30 |
| SE9002639L (en) | 1992-02-15 |
| GB2265187A (en) | 1993-09-22 |
| SE501736C2 (en) | 1995-05-02 |
| FI96717C (en) | 1996-08-12 |
| ES2087810B1 (en) | 1997-01-01 |
| FI930622A0 (en) | 1993-02-12 |
| ES2087810A1 (en) | 1996-07-16 |
| JPH05509389A (en) | 1993-12-22 |
| GB9301846D0 (en) | 1993-04-14 |
| GB2265187B (en) | 1994-04-13 |
| DE4191937T (en) | 1993-05-13 |
| SE9002639D0 (en) | 1990-08-14 |
| FI930622A (en) | 1993-02-12 |
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