US3741716A - Heater for use in the manufacture of plastics filaments - Google Patents

Heater for use in the manufacture of plastics filaments Download PDF

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Publication number
US3741716A
US3741716A US00238846A US3741716DA US3741716A US 3741716 A US3741716 A US 3741716A US 00238846 A US00238846 A US 00238846A US 3741716D A US3741716D A US 3741716DA US 3741716 A US3741716 A US 3741716A
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United States
Prior art keywords
heater
internal surface
filaments
portions
spun
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00238846A
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English (en)
Inventor
R Johne
M Bechter
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Hoechst AG
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Hoechst AG
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
    • D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
    • D01D5/08—Melt spinning methods
    • D01D5/084—Heating filaments, threads or the like, leaving the spinnerettes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heater for use in the manufacture of macromolecular plastics filaments having a low degree of pre-orientation for the production of high strength threads.
  • High strength threads can only be produced when the material spun to make the threads is drawn to a very high degree. A high degree of drawing can only be obtained, however, with material which, when spun, has a low pre-orientation.
  • the spinning process has to be carried out in such a manner that the spun filaments should have as low a preorientation as possible.
  • a further problem arises in achieving the necessary uniformity, because the filaments can only be drawn to a high degree when, in the spinning process, each of the many capillaries has been uniformly treated. irregularities which may, for example, occur by unsuitable cooling cannot be remedied by further processing and detrimentally affect the quality of the finished thread.
  • British Pat. No. 580,832 describes a process and a device for heating freshly spun filaments produced by the dry spinning process.
  • the spun filament is drawn off in a direction parallel to the axis of a tube having a vertical axis and heated by means of horizontal radiation.
  • the tube is ellitical in cross section and the inner wall of the tube has good reflecting properties.
  • the source of heat radiation is situated at one principal focus of the ellipse while the filament is at the other principal focus.
  • French Pat. No. 1,347,986 provides a process according to which the freshly spun polyester or polyamide filaments pass through a cylindrical heated tube the gas temperature around the filaments being determined according to the following condition T gas temperature directly on the spinneret in C with 270 C s T 700 C T gas temperature in C at distance L vertically below the spinneret T temperature of spinneret in C D distance from the spinneret in meters V draw-off speed of the spun filaments in m/sec After having left the cylinder the filaments are rapidly cooled by a horizontal air current. Subsequently,
  • the invention provides a heater for use in the manufacture of spun plastics filaments which comprises two portions each of which has a truncated right polygonal pyramidal or truncated right conical internal surface that is open ended, the perimeters of the larger ends of the'internal surfaces being congruent and the two portions meeting at their larger ends with the perimeters of the larger ends of the internal surfaces in register with one another, wherein the internal surface of one of the portions is heated and the internal surface of the other portion is thermally reflective.
  • each of the said portions is, preferably, a truncated right conical surface.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the heater
  • FIG. 2 is an axial cross-section of the heater shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the variation in temperature along the axis of the heater.
  • a heater comprises two parts 1 and 2, each of which has the shape of a hollow truncated cone, which are attached to each other at their larger circular openings.
  • the lower part 2 is heated while the inside wall of the upper part 1 reflects the heat emitted by the lower part.
  • part 1 has the function of a reflector while part 2 has the function of a radiator.
  • the lower opening 3 of the heater is protected by an annular screen 4 preventing air blown onto filaments after they have left the heater entering the space below the spinneret and disturbing the course of the capillaries while they are still plastic.
  • the diameter d, of the opening in the screen is larger by only 5 to 30 millimeters than the diameter dp of a bundle of capillaries, that is to say,
  • the diameter d, of the upper opening of upper part 1 is larger than the diameter of the bundle of capillaries.
  • the height L of the radiator is in the range of from 1.0 to 2.5 times the diameter d, of the opening of the upper part. That is to say:
  • the cross sectional area of flow should be as large as possible so that the compensation of air can take place at a low speed.
  • the largest cross sectional area of the heater should be at least twice the cross sectional area of the bundle of capillaries, that is to say,
  • the side line H of the heated part 2 of the heater and the cone angle 4) should be chosen in such a manner that the said perpendicular 5 drawn on the wall of part 2 points to the opposite wall of part I; and arcsin H/2d, l2 arcsin (H/Z s/(d, +d /2 L,) arccot d,+d /2 L
  • the biconical shape of the heating radiator allows concentric thermal radiation. The reason why this shape was chosen is that only a minor part of the thermal rays hits the spinneret while the major part is reflected by the conical reflector into the space below the spinneret.
  • the reflector I is, therefore, provided with a highly polished surface or coated with a reflecting foil.
  • the heating elements of radiator 2 preferably consist of ceramic plates with inserted heating spirals.
  • the device according to the invention can be used in melt spinning, preferably spinning of high molecular weight polyesters, more preferably polyethylene terephthalate, and copolyesters, the acid components of which preponderantly consist of terephthalic acid.
  • spun filaments of a very low degree of pre-orientation can be obtained, which permit the production of high strength threads. It is likewise possible to increase the throughput of molten polyester since the higher pre-orientation resulting from a higher draw-off speed of the spun filaments can be compensated for in the heater.
  • the device according to the invention is also suitable for the continuous spin drawing of filaments from highly viscous material.
  • the short biconical heating radiator With the aid of the short biconical heating radiator according to the invention a narrow temperature variation with respect to time and space as indicated in FIG. 3 can be obtained below the spinneret in the solidification zone of the filaments, whereby the solidification is very favourably influenced.
  • the temperature is within the indicated limits ll0- 1.7 X 10 l BIL-0.4 T T,, 2 X10 (D/L 0.5)
  • the spun filaments produced in this manner have a double refraction DR of (1.6 2.0). 10', measured according to the compensation method of Ehringhous with quartz or calcite compensators. The DR value is calcu-' lated from the ratio of the path difference and the capillary diameter.
  • the filaments had a very good uniformity over their length.
  • U the average linear deviation of the titer T from the means titer value T:
  • the titer T is measured as a function of the filament length l.
  • L is the total filament length measured.
  • the mean titer value is With the use of the heating radiator according to the invention filaments were produced having a titer nonuniformity U of 0.8%. The spun filaments did not stick together.
  • the spun filaments obtained in this manner could be drawn in a ratio of l 6.5, their strength then being 82 g/tex.
  • a heater according to the invention was used in the spinning process of high strength filaments from a material having an intrinsic viscosity of 0.73. In this case it can be used either for reducing the molecule orientation with the same draw-off speed of the spun filaments or for maintaining the degree of molecule orientation with an increased draw-off speed.
  • the present example is intended to illustrate the former possibility.
  • the positions of the heater and spinning chamber were the same as in Example 1.
  • a heater for use in the manufacture of spun plastics filaments which comprises two portions each of which has a truncated right polygonal pyramidal or truncated right conical internal surface that is open ended, the perimeters of the larger ends of the internal surfaces being congruent and the two portions meeting at their larger ends with the perimeters of the larger ends of the internal surfaces in register with one another, wherein the internal surface of one of the portions is heated and the internal surface of the other portion is thermally reflective.
  • a heater as claimed in claim 1 wherein there is provided at the smaller end of the said one portion a screen arranged to reduce the effective area of the said smaller opening.
  • a heater as claimed in claim I wherein the internal surface of each of the said portions is a truncated right conical surface.
  • L is the total height of the heater
  • d is the largest diameter of the heater taken at right angles to the axis
  • d is the diameter of the smaller opening in the said other portion.
  • a heater as claimed in claim I wherein the internal surface of the said other portion is highly polished or coated with a reflective foil.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
US00238846A 1971-03-30 1972-03-28 Heater for use in the manufacture of plastics filaments Expired - Lifetime US3741716A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2115312A DE2115312C3 (de) 1971-03-30 1971-03-30 Beheizbarer Spinnschacht

Publications (1)

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US3741716A true US3741716A (en) 1973-06-26

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00238846A Expired - Lifetime US3741716A (en) 1971-03-30 1972-03-28 Heater for use in the manufacture of plastics filaments

Country Status (11)

Country Link
US (1) US3741716A (de)
BE (1) BE781488A (de)
CA (1) CA964422A (de)
CH (1) CH539691A (de)
DD (1) DD95903A5 (de)
DE (1) DE2115312C3 (de)
FR (1) FR2132171B1 (de)
GB (1) GB1391471A (de)
IT (1) IT950854B (de)
NL (1) NL7203995A (de)
RO (1) RO64788A (de)

Cited By (41)

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WO2003024882A2 (fr) 2001-09-17 2003-03-27 Rhodianyl Materiau comprenant une matrice inorganique telle que ciment, mortier, platre ou beton, renforcee par des microfibres
US10089516B2 (en) 2013-07-31 2018-10-02 Digilens, Inc. Method and apparatus for contact image sensing
US10145533B2 (en) 2005-11-11 2018-12-04 Digilens, Inc. Compact holographic illumination device
US10156681B2 (en) 2015-02-12 2018-12-18 Digilens Inc. Waveguide grating device
US10185154B2 (en) 2011-04-07 2019-01-22 Digilens, Inc. Laser despeckler based on angular diversity
US10209517B2 (en) 2013-05-20 2019-02-19 Digilens, Inc. Holographic waveguide eye tracker
US10216061B2 (en) 2012-01-06 2019-02-26 Digilens, Inc. Contact image sensor using switchable bragg gratings
US10234696B2 (en) 2007-07-26 2019-03-19 Digilens, Inc. Optical apparatus for recording a holographic device and method of recording
US10241330B2 (en) 2014-09-19 2019-03-26 Digilens, Inc. Method and apparatus for generating input images for holographic waveguide displays
US10330777B2 (en) 2015-01-20 2019-06-25 Digilens Inc. Holographic waveguide lidar
US10359736B2 (en) 2014-08-08 2019-07-23 Digilens Inc. Method for holographic mastering and replication
US10423222B2 (en) 2014-09-26 2019-09-24 Digilens Inc. Holographic waveguide optical tracker
US10437064B2 (en) 2015-01-12 2019-10-08 Digilens Inc. Environmentally isolated waveguide display
US10437051B2 (en) 2012-05-11 2019-10-08 Digilens Inc. Apparatus for eye tracking
US10459145B2 (en) 2015-03-16 2019-10-29 Digilens Inc. Waveguide device incorporating a light pipe
US10545346B2 (en) 2017-01-05 2020-01-28 Digilens Inc. Wearable heads up displays
US10591756B2 (en) 2015-03-31 2020-03-17 Digilens Inc. Method and apparatus for contact image sensing
US10642058B2 (en) 2011-08-24 2020-05-05 Digilens Inc. Wearable data display
US10670876B2 (en) 2011-08-24 2020-06-02 Digilens Inc. Waveguide laser illuminator incorporating a despeckler
US10678053B2 (en) 2009-04-27 2020-06-09 Digilens Inc. Diffractive projection apparatus
US10690916B2 (en) 2015-10-05 2020-06-23 Digilens Inc. Apparatus for providing waveguide displays with two-dimensional pupil expansion
US10690851B2 (en) 2018-03-16 2020-06-23 Digilens Inc. Holographic waveguides incorporating birefringence control and methods for their fabrication
US10732569B2 (en) 2018-01-08 2020-08-04 Digilens Inc. Systems and methods for high-throughput recording of holographic gratings in waveguide cells
US10859768B2 (en) 2016-03-24 2020-12-08 Digilens Inc. Method and apparatus for providing a polarization selective holographic waveguide device
US10890707B2 (en) 2016-04-11 2021-01-12 Digilens Inc. Holographic waveguide apparatus for structured light projection
US10914950B2 (en) 2018-01-08 2021-02-09 Digilens Inc. Waveguide architectures and related methods of manufacturing
US10942430B2 (en) 2017-10-16 2021-03-09 Digilens Inc. Systems and methods for multiplying the image resolution of a pixelated display
US10983340B2 (en) 2016-02-04 2021-04-20 Digilens Inc. Holographic waveguide optical tracker
US11307432B2 (en) 2014-08-08 2022-04-19 Digilens Inc. Waveguide laser illuminator incorporating a Despeckler
US11378732B2 (en) 2019-03-12 2022-07-05 DigLens Inc. Holographic waveguide backlight and related methods of manufacturing
US11402801B2 (en) 2018-07-25 2022-08-02 Digilens Inc. Systems and methods for fabricating a multilayer optical structure
US11442222B2 (en) 2019-08-29 2022-09-13 Digilens Inc. Evacuated gratings and methods of manufacturing
US11448937B2 (en) 2012-11-16 2022-09-20 Digilens Inc. Transparent waveguide display for tiling a display having plural optical powers using overlapping and offset FOV tiles
US11460621B2 (en) 2012-04-25 2022-10-04 Rockwell Collins, Inc. Holographic wide angle display
US11480788B2 (en) 2015-01-12 2022-10-25 Digilens Inc. Light field displays incorporating holographic waveguides
US11513350B2 (en) 2016-12-02 2022-11-29 Digilens Inc. Waveguide device with uniform output illumination
US11543594B2 (en) 2019-02-15 2023-01-03 Digilens Inc. Methods and apparatuses for providing a holographic waveguide display using integrated gratings
US11681143B2 (en) 2019-07-29 2023-06-20 Digilens Inc. Methods and apparatus for multiplying the image resolution and field-of-view of a pixelated display
US11726332B2 (en) 2009-04-27 2023-08-15 Digilens Inc. Diffractive projection apparatus
US11747568B2 (en) 2019-06-07 2023-09-05 Digilens Inc. Waveguides incorporating transmissive and reflective gratings and related methods of manufacturing
US12092914B2 (en) 2018-01-08 2024-09-17 Digilens Inc. Systems and methods for manufacturing waveguide cells

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4036070A1 (de) * 1990-11-13 1992-05-14 Hoechst Ag Erhitzungsvorrichtung und verfahren zur herstellung schnellgesponnener filamente

Citations (3)

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US1881331A (en) * 1930-12-24 1932-10-04 Smith Wiloughby Statham Apparatus for the continuous heat treatment of metals or alloys
US3174537A (en) * 1959-06-30 1965-03-23 Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc Electromagnetic radiant energy response apparatus
US3285333A (en) * 1962-10-17 1966-11-15 Garrett Corp Geometrically-spectrally selective radiator

Patent Citations (3)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1881331A (en) * 1930-12-24 1932-10-04 Smith Wiloughby Statham Apparatus for the continuous heat treatment of metals or alloys
US3174537A (en) * 1959-06-30 1965-03-23 Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc Electromagnetic radiant energy response apparatus
US3285333A (en) * 1962-10-17 1966-11-15 Garrett Corp Geometrically-spectrally selective radiator

Cited By (67)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003024882A2 (fr) 2001-09-17 2003-03-27 Rhodianyl Materiau comprenant une matrice inorganique telle que ciment, mortier, platre ou beton, renforcee par des microfibres
US10145533B2 (en) 2005-11-11 2018-12-04 Digilens, Inc. Compact holographic illumination device
US10234696B2 (en) 2007-07-26 2019-03-19 Digilens, Inc. Optical apparatus for recording a holographic device and method of recording
US10725312B2 (en) 2007-07-26 2020-07-28 Digilens Inc. Laser illumination device
US11175512B2 (en) 2009-04-27 2021-11-16 Digilens Inc. Diffractive projection apparatus
US10678053B2 (en) 2009-04-27 2020-06-09 Digilens Inc. Diffractive projection apparatus
US11726332B2 (en) 2009-04-27 2023-08-15 Digilens Inc. Diffractive projection apparatus
US10185154B2 (en) 2011-04-07 2019-01-22 Digilens, Inc. Laser despeckler based on angular diversity
US11487131B2 (en) 2011-04-07 2022-11-01 Digilens Inc. Laser despeckler based on angular diversity
US11287666B2 (en) 2011-08-24 2022-03-29 Digilens, Inc. Wearable data display
US10670876B2 (en) 2011-08-24 2020-06-02 Digilens Inc. Waveguide laser illuminator incorporating a despeckler
US10642058B2 (en) 2011-08-24 2020-05-05 Digilens Inc. Wearable data display
US10459311B2 (en) 2012-01-06 2019-10-29 Digilens Inc. Contact image sensor using switchable Bragg gratings
US10216061B2 (en) 2012-01-06 2019-02-26 Digilens, Inc. Contact image sensor using switchable bragg gratings
US11460621B2 (en) 2012-04-25 2022-10-04 Rockwell Collins, Inc. Holographic wide angle display
US10437051B2 (en) 2012-05-11 2019-10-08 Digilens Inc. Apparatus for eye tracking
US11994674B2 (en) 2012-05-11 2024-05-28 Digilens Inc. Apparatus for eye tracking
US11815781B2 (en) * 2012-11-16 2023-11-14 Rockwell Collins, Inc. Transparent waveguide display
US11448937B2 (en) 2012-11-16 2022-09-20 Digilens Inc. Transparent waveguide display for tiling a display having plural optical powers using overlapping and offset FOV tiles
US20230114549A1 (en) * 2012-11-16 2023-04-13 Rockwell Collins, Inc. Transparent waveguide display
US10209517B2 (en) 2013-05-20 2019-02-19 Digilens, Inc. Holographic waveguide eye tracker
US11662590B2 (en) 2013-05-20 2023-05-30 Digilens Inc. Holographic waveguide eye tracker
US10423813B2 (en) 2013-07-31 2019-09-24 Digilens Inc. Method and apparatus for contact image sensing
US10089516B2 (en) 2013-07-31 2018-10-02 Digilens, Inc. Method and apparatus for contact image sensing
US10359736B2 (en) 2014-08-08 2019-07-23 Digilens Inc. Method for holographic mastering and replication
US11709373B2 (en) 2014-08-08 2023-07-25 Digilens Inc. Waveguide laser illuminator incorporating a despeckler
US11307432B2 (en) 2014-08-08 2022-04-19 Digilens Inc. Waveguide laser illuminator incorporating a Despeckler
US10241330B2 (en) 2014-09-19 2019-03-26 Digilens, Inc. Method and apparatus for generating input images for holographic waveguide displays
US11726323B2 (en) 2014-09-19 2023-08-15 Digilens Inc. Method and apparatus for generating input images for holographic waveguide displays
US10423222B2 (en) 2014-09-26 2019-09-24 Digilens Inc. Holographic waveguide optical tracker
US11726329B2 (en) 2015-01-12 2023-08-15 Digilens Inc. Environmentally isolated waveguide display
US11740472B2 (en) 2015-01-12 2023-08-29 Digilens Inc. Environmentally isolated waveguide display
US11480788B2 (en) 2015-01-12 2022-10-25 Digilens Inc. Light field displays incorporating holographic waveguides
US10437064B2 (en) 2015-01-12 2019-10-08 Digilens Inc. Environmentally isolated waveguide display
US10330777B2 (en) 2015-01-20 2019-06-25 Digilens Inc. Holographic waveguide lidar
US10156681B2 (en) 2015-02-12 2018-12-18 Digilens Inc. Waveguide grating device
US11703645B2 (en) 2015-02-12 2023-07-18 Digilens Inc. Waveguide grating device
US10527797B2 (en) 2015-02-12 2020-01-07 Digilens Inc. Waveguide grating device
US10459145B2 (en) 2015-03-16 2019-10-29 Digilens Inc. Waveguide device incorporating a light pipe
US12013561B2 (en) 2015-03-16 2024-06-18 Digilens Inc. Waveguide device incorporating a light pipe
US10591756B2 (en) 2015-03-31 2020-03-17 Digilens Inc. Method and apparatus for contact image sensing
US11281013B2 (en) 2015-10-05 2022-03-22 Digilens Inc. Apparatus for providing waveguide displays with two-dimensional pupil expansion
US10690916B2 (en) 2015-10-05 2020-06-23 Digilens Inc. Apparatus for providing waveguide displays with two-dimensional pupil expansion
US11754842B2 (en) 2015-10-05 2023-09-12 Digilens Inc. Apparatus for providing waveguide displays with two-dimensional pupil expansion
US10983340B2 (en) 2016-02-04 2021-04-20 Digilens Inc. Holographic waveguide optical tracker
US10859768B2 (en) 2016-03-24 2020-12-08 Digilens Inc. Method and apparatus for providing a polarization selective holographic waveguide device
US11604314B2 (en) 2016-03-24 2023-03-14 Digilens Inc. Method and apparatus for providing a polarization selective holographic waveguide device
US10890707B2 (en) 2016-04-11 2021-01-12 Digilens Inc. Holographic waveguide apparatus for structured light projection
US11513350B2 (en) 2016-12-02 2022-11-29 Digilens Inc. Waveguide device with uniform output illumination
US11194162B2 (en) 2017-01-05 2021-12-07 Digilens Inc. Wearable heads up displays
US11586046B2 (en) 2017-01-05 2023-02-21 Digilens Inc. Wearable heads up displays
US10545346B2 (en) 2017-01-05 2020-01-28 Digilens Inc. Wearable heads up displays
US10942430B2 (en) 2017-10-16 2021-03-09 Digilens Inc. Systems and methods for multiplying the image resolution of a pixelated display
US10914950B2 (en) 2018-01-08 2021-02-09 Digilens Inc. Waveguide architectures and related methods of manufacturing
US10732569B2 (en) 2018-01-08 2020-08-04 Digilens Inc. Systems and methods for high-throughput recording of holographic gratings in waveguide cells
US12092914B2 (en) 2018-01-08 2024-09-17 Digilens Inc. Systems and methods for manufacturing waveguide cells
US11150408B2 (en) 2018-03-16 2021-10-19 Digilens Inc. Holographic waveguides incorporating birefringence control and methods for their fabrication
US10690851B2 (en) 2018-03-16 2020-06-23 Digilens Inc. Holographic waveguides incorporating birefringence control and methods for their fabrication
US11726261B2 (en) 2018-03-16 2023-08-15 Digilens Inc. Holographic waveguides incorporating birefringence control and methods for their fabrication
US11402801B2 (en) 2018-07-25 2022-08-02 Digilens Inc. Systems and methods for fabricating a multilayer optical structure
US11543594B2 (en) 2019-02-15 2023-01-03 Digilens Inc. Methods and apparatuses for providing a holographic waveguide display using integrated gratings
US11378732B2 (en) 2019-03-12 2022-07-05 DigLens Inc. Holographic waveguide backlight and related methods of manufacturing
US11747568B2 (en) 2019-06-07 2023-09-05 Digilens Inc. Waveguides incorporating transmissive and reflective gratings and related methods of manufacturing
US11681143B2 (en) 2019-07-29 2023-06-20 Digilens Inc. Methods and apparatus for multiplying the image resolution and field-of-view of a pixelated display
US11899238B2 (en) 2019-08-29 2024-02-13 Digilens Inc. Evacuated gratings and methods of manufacturing
US11442222B2 (en) 2019-08-29 2022-09-13 Digilens Inc. Evacuated gratings and methods of manufacturing
US11592614B2 (en) 2019-08-29 2023-02-28 Digilens Inc. Evacuated gratings and methods of manufacturing

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE781488A (fr) 1972-10-02
RO64788A (ro) 1982-02-26
NL7203995A (de) 1972-10-03
CA964422A (en) 1975-03-18
GB1391471A (en) 1975-04-23
DE2115312C3 (de) 1975-06-26
IT950854B (it) 1973-06-20
FR2132171B1 (de) 1975-10-24
DD95903A5 (de) 1973-02-20
DE2115312A1 (de) 1972-10-19
CH539691A (de) 1973-07-31
DE2115312B2 (de) 1974-10-31
FR2132171A1 (de) 1972-11-17

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