US3734206A - Power-operated hammer - Google Patents

Power-operated hammer Download PDF

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Publication number
US3734206A
US3734206A US00138439A US3734206DA US3734206A US 3734206 A US3734206 A US 3734206A US 00138439 A US00138439 A US 00138439A US 3734206D A US3734206D A US 3734206DA US 3734206 A US3734206 A US 3734206A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
piston
casing
hammer
space
enclosed space
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00138439A
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English (en)
Inventor
A Last
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BSP International Foundations Ltd
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BSP International Foundations Ltd
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Publication date
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Assigned to BSP INTERNATIONAL FOUNDATIONS LIMITED reassignment BSP INTERNATIONAL FOUNDATIONS LIMITED CHANGE OF NAME (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BRITISH STEEL PILING COMPANY LIMITED, THE
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C1/00—Crushing or disintegrating by reciprocating members
    • B02C1/14—Stamping mills
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D7/00—Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
    • E02D7/02—Placing by driving
    • E02D7/06—Power-driven drivers
    • E02D7/12—Drivers with explosion chambers
    • E02D7/125—Diesel drivers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B17/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by use of uniflow principle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B—MACHINES OR ENGINES, IN GENERAL OR OF POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT TYPE, e.g. STEAM ENGINES
    • F01B17/00—Reciprocating-piston machines or engines characterised by use of uniflow principle
    • F01B17/02—Engines

Definitions

  • a poweroperated hammer comprising a piston reciprocable to produce a series of working impacts
  • the piston projects into an enclosure that forms, with the surface of a part of the piston, a sealed space the volume of which increases with the return movement of the piston from a working impact, the arrangement being such that a suction force is developed that acts upon the said part of the piston surface in the opposite direction to said return movement.
  • the peak pressure force acting to accelerate the return motion of the piston is significantly reduced, since it is limited by the value of atmospheric pressure if the space beyond the piston is freely open to atmosphere, and in a hammer arranged for downwards driving the tendency to lift the hammer cylinder is correspondingly reduced.
  • the suction force is built up relatively quickly as the piston rises so that despite the reduction in peak force a similar increase of cycle frequency can be achieved as when using a compression air spring.
  • the piston is mounted in a casing comprising a first portion providing a space for pressure fluid to generate the working impacts, and a second portion in which said enclosed space is formed.
  • said first and second casing portions have different diameters
  • the piston being a unitary member having different diameter portions closely fitting the respective casing portions, when it can be arranged that the smaller diameter portions of the casing and piston cooperate to provide said working fluid space and the piston smaller diameter portion projects into the casing larger diameter portion whereby said sealed space is formed in an annular region therebetween and is closed by the piston larger diameter portion.
  • means are provided to open the sealed space to atmosphere at or near the beginning of said return movement of the piston, or relief valve means are provided to limit the pressure in said sealed space.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view, in vertical section, of the lower region of the hammer.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 are side views, in vertical section of two alternative arrangements of the upper region of the hammer of FIG. 1.
  • the hammer casing comprises a lower, cylindrical portion 2 and an upper, larger diameter cylindrical portion 4 secured to it. Slidably mounted in the lower end of the portion 4 and sealing that end is an anvil block 6.
  • a piston 8 is reciprocable within the casing from a lowermost position illustrated in FIG. 1 by a compression ignition cycle being operated in the combustion space between the bottom of the piston and the casing portion 2.
  • the piston 8, which may be of cast iron, has an integrally formed impact stem 10 slidable in and sealing with the portion 2 of casing, and an enlarged diameter head 12 located in. and sealing with the portion 4 of the casing.
  • pile grips 14 Secured to the lower end of the hammer casing are pile grips 14, to attach a pile P and hammer together with a pile dolly 16 sandwiched between the anvil block 6 and the pile.
  • the upper face of the anvil block 6 and the lower face of the piston stem 10 have opposed central cavities 18 while the outer region of these faces have complementary profiles sloping downwards towards the central cavities.
  • Fuel is injected from a pump in a casing 20 on to the anvil sloping face, the fuel following the trajectory 22.
  • the supply to the pump is from a fuel tank 24 on the upper portion 4 of the casing.
  • the fuel pump is operated with the reciprocation of the piston 8 by a cam 26 having spaced pivot connections to the casing lower portion and to rod 28 carrying a piston of the pump.
  • the cam is spring-loaded to project through a slot 30 in the casing wall and bear against the piston stem 10.
  • the cam moves inwards to draw fuel into the pump and when the piston stem next descends, it strikes the curved face of the cam and so displaces the rod 28 to inject thefuel through the line 22 into the combustion space.
  • the injection is at low pressure since at this stage exhaust ports 34 (only one of which is shown) are not yet covered by the piston stem 10.
  • the piston head 12 forms, with a. spring sealing ring 36 located at the junction between the upper and lower casing portions, an enclosed space 38 that is joined to the space above the piston, when the piston is in its lowermost position, by a channel 40, the function of which will be described below.
  • the top end of the casing portion 4 is open to atmosphere.
  • the space 38 is sealed off once the piston head 12 has covered the upper end of the channel 40, and further upwards movement of the piston then increases the volume of the space 38 below the piston, with a consequent reduction in pressure within this space.
  • a suction effect is set up on the base of the piston head 12 which tends to reduce the rise in the piston, the suction force increasing as the volume of the space 38 increases with the rise of the piston.
  • the maximum suction pressure is of course dictated by atmospheric pressure so that the maximum reactive force lifting the casing is always less than that due to atmospheric pressure on the flange 2a of the portion 2 of the casing below the sealing ring.
  • the piston 8 has a central cylindrical bore 44 into which projects a rod 46 carrying a terminal enlargement 48.
  • the rod 46 extends the length of the portion 4 of the casing and has attached to its other end a suspension eye 50.
  • the upper end of the bore 2 has a tubular plug 52 of diameter less than that of the enlargement 48 so that an abutment surface is presented to the enlargement when the rod 46 is raised and the piston 8 can thus be lifted to an uppermost position and then allowed to drop to start operation of the hammer.
  • FIG. 3 An alternative starting arrangement shown in FIG. 3 employs a similar piston with a plug 52 secured to the upper end of its bore.
  • a tube 54 is fixed to the top of the casing in this case and is a free sliding fit in the plug 52.
  • a rod 56 with a suspension eye 58 attached to its upper end has an engagement linkage at its lower end comprising an abutment member 60 pivoted to the rod and joined to a hook member 62 by a pivot link 64. Both the abutment and hook members project through an elongate slot 66 in the tube 54.
  • the member 60 engages the plug and the piston is then drawn up with the rod.
  • the width of the slot is reduced in its upper region and the hook member 62 is made rather wider than the abutment member 60 so that as it reaches this region it is restrained and is pivoted inwards, the connecting link 64 being drawn downwards thereby to pivot the engagement member inwards also.
  • the mechanism is reset to the illustrated position by lowering the rod 56 until the hook member 62 abuts pin 68, the weight of the rod then urging the engagement and hook members outwards and swinging the link 64 back past its overcenter position.
  • This alternative arrangement has the advantage that it is not necessary to lift the piston with a winch that has a free-fall pay-out mechanism since the rod 56 need not fall with the piston.
  • the casing containing the fuel pump has a separate cylinder space for the pumping of lubricating fluid, this flow being actuated by a further shoulder or piston head on the same piston rod 28.
  • From the lubricating pump oil is directed, firstly, into the upper casing portion 4 for lubrication of the rings of the piston head 12, secondly into the lower casing portion 2 for lubrication of the rings of the piston stem 10, and thirdly to the outer circumference of the anvil block 6 for lubrication of this block in its sliding contact with the casing.
  • a power-operated hammer comprising, in combination, a casing, a piston reciprocable in the casing to produce a series of working impacts, an enclosure formed between the casing and a projecting part of the piston, said enclosure being partly bounded by the surface of a part of the piston to define an enclosed space the volume of which increases with the return movement of the piston from a working impact, the enclosed space being substantially sealed from its surroundings during at least a major portion of its increase in volume such that a suction force is developed during such portion of its increase in volume that acts upon the said part of the piston surface in the opposite direction to said return movement.
  • a hammer according to claim 1 wherein means are provided to open the enclosed space to atmosphere at or near the beginning of said return movement of the piston.
  • a hammer according to claim 1 wherein the casing comprises a first portion providing a space for pressure fluid to generate the working impacts, and a second portion in which said enclosed space is formed.
  • a hammer according to claim 4 wherein said first and second casing portions have different diameters, different diameter portions of a unitary piston closely fitting the respective casing portions.
  • a hammer according to claim 5 wherein the smaller diameter portions of the casing and piston cooperate to provide said working fluid space and the piston smaller diameter portion projects into the casing larger diameter portion whereby said enclosed space is formed in an annular region therebetween and is closed by the piston larger diameter portion.
  • a hammer according to claim 6 further comprising means in said second casing portion arranged to bring the regions on opposite sides of the larger diameter piston portion in communication with each other at or near the beginning of said return movement of the piston.
  • a hammer according to claim 1 arranged for diesel operation, a working fluid space between the casing and the piston forming a combustion chamber and being disposed in a lower region of the hammer, a member underneath the hammer being arranged to receive the working impacts.
  • a hammer according to claim 8 wherein a hollow core is provided in the piston, lifting means being in sertable into said hollow core to engage and lift the piston for starting operation of the hammer.
  • a hammer according to claim 9 wherein the lifting means comprises a suspended engagement element, a restriction at the upper end of said core being engageable with said element to allow the piston to be lifted therewith.
  • a hammer according to claim 10 wherein means are provided to retract said engagement element at a predetermined raised position of the piston to release the piston and allow it to fall.
  • a diesel-powered hammer comprising, in combination, a casing having a cylindrical lower portion providing the combustion space and a larger cross-section upper portion, a piston reciprocable in the casing having a lower portion forming an upper boundary of the combustion space, an enlarged head of the piston sealingly fitting said casing upper portion and defining therewith an enclosed space, an underface of said pis ton head forming an upper boundary of said enclosed space, the volume of said enclosed space increasing with the increase of volume of the combustion space, the enclosed space being substantially sealed from its surroundings during at least a major portion of its increase in volume such that, as the piston rises in the casing, a suction force is developed acting on said underface to accelerate the return of the piston in a downwards working stroke.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
  • Actuator (AREA)
US00138439A 1970-05-04 1971-04-29 Power-operated hammer Expired - Lifetime US3734206A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB2127770 1970-05-04

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3734206A true US3734206A (en) 1973-05-22

Family

ID=10160182

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00138439A Expired - Lifetime US3734206A (en) 1970-05-04 1971-04-29 Power-operated hammer

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3734206A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS5211129B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
BE (1) BE766634A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
CA (1) CA932223A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2121504C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2091176A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1340708A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL156212B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USRE32452E (en) * 1981-01-22 1987-07-07 Signode Corporation Portable gas-powered tool with linear motor
CN102872956A (zh) * 2012-11-02 2013-01-16 马长生 一种改进的矿岩破碎锤
CN108097358A (zh) * 2018-01-12 2018-06-01 蔡东明 一种专用于建筑装修用水泥块粉碎设备
CN112892671A (zh) * 2021-03-22 2021-06-04 嘉兴市科富喷绘材料有限公司 一种复合抗菌消臭涂层材料及其生产装置

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111450918A (zh) * 2020-04-10 2020-07-28 刘光 一种油脂炼油设备

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE590777C (de) * 1931-11-18 1934-01-10 Boer G M B H De Durch ein gasfoermiges Druckmittel betriebener Schlagbaer zum Einrammen von Pfaehlen, Spundbohlen u. dgl.
DE649076C (de) * 1935-07-03 1937-11-27 Hugo Cordes Dipl Ing Anlassvorrichtung fuer Dieselrammbaeren
US2230181A (en) * 1937-02-02 1941-01-28 Cordes Hugo Starting device
DE725023C (de) * 1939-04-04 1942-09-11 Josef Wohlmeyer Dipl Ing Brennkraftschlaggeraet mit im Zylinder einander entgegengesetzt angeordnetem Brennraum und Spuel- oder Ladepumpenraum
DE730769C (de) * 1941-10-10 1943-01-18 Hugo Cordes Dipl Ing Dieselschlagbaer mit Stufenkolben
US2633832A (en) * 1949-07-22 1953-04-07 Syntron Co Diesel hammer
US3165885A (en) * 1959-02-04 1965-01-19 Tenney Engine
US3395688A (en) * 1966-04-14 1968-08-06 Skil Corp Gasoline powered hammer
DE1526346A1 (de) * 1966-05-17 1970-04-02 Delmag Maschinenfabrik Stosserzeugendes Brennkraftgeraet
US3437157A (en) * 1966-12-02 1969-04-08 Fmc Corp Diesel pilehammer

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USRE32452E (en) * 1981-01-22 1987-07-07 Signode Corporation Portable gas-powered tool with linear motor
CN102872956A (zh) * 2012-11-02 2013-01-16 马长生 一种改进的矿岩破碎锤
CN108097358A (zh) * 2018-01-12 2018-06-01 蔡东明 一种专用于建筑装修用水泥块粉碎设备
CN112892671A (zh) * 2021-03-22 2021-06-04 嘉兴市科富喷绘材料有限公司 一种复合抗菌消臭涂层材料及其生产装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2091176A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-01-14
NL7106094A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-11-08
GB1340708A (en) 1973-12-12
NL156212B (nl) 1978-03-15
CA932223A (en) 1973-08-21
DE2121504A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-12-02
DE2121504C3 (de) 1983-11-10
DE2121504B2 (de) 1978-11-02
BE766634A (fr) 1971-10-01
JPS5211129B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1977-03-29

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Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
AS Assignment

Owner name: BSP INTERNATIONAL FOUNDATIONS LIMITED

Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:BRITISH STEEL THE, PILING COMPANY LIMITED;REEL/FRAME:004478/0278

Effective date: 19710824