US3730806A - Book binding process - Google Patents

Book binding process Download PDF

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Publication number
US3730806A
US3730806A US00074271A US3730806DA US3730806A US 3730806 A US3730806 A US 3730806A US 00074271 A US00074271 A US 00074271A US 3730806D A US3730806D A US 3730806DA US 3730806 A US3730806 A US 3730806A
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United States
Prior art keywords
bonding agent
hinge
book
case
improved process
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US00074271A
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English (en)
Inventor
W Heller
L Shatzkin
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
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Publication of US3730806A publication Critical patent/US3730806A/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42C—BOOKBINDING
    • B42C9/00—Applying glue or adhesive peculiar to bookbinding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42C—BOOKBINDING
    • B42C11/00—Casing-in
    • B42C11/04—Machines or equipment for casing-in or applying covers to books
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42C—BOOKBINDING
    • B42C13/00—Bookbinding presses; Joint-creasing equipment for bookbinding; Drying or setting devices for books
    • B42C13/006—Drying or setting devices for books
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
    • B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
    • B42D1/00—Books or other bound products
    • B42D1/02—Books or other bound products in which the fillings and covers are connected by end papers

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed to the book binding process, and more particularly to that step of the book binding process termed in the art casing-1n.
  • the ordinary hard bound book consists of two main parts, the case and the body.
  • the case comprises the front and the back covers connected by the spin.
  • the covers are hinged along either edge of the spine.
  • An indentation or groove in the case at the spin edges allows the cover to be opened and closed easily.
  • the body of the book is comprised of a plurality of paper sheets termed leaves.
  • the leaves are sewn together along their center folds in groups of sixteen or more to form the sections or signatures of the book.
  • the signatures are assembled by additional sewing, binding to tapes or cords, or the like, to form the body of the book.
  • At the front and back of the body are afiixed heavy folded pages, termed the end papers, which facilitate the attachment of the body to the case.
  • crash is glued to the centerfolds of the body signatures.
  • the ends of the crash extend along the outside of the end papers on either side of the body.
  • the body is then inserted in the case so that the folds in the end papers are adjacent the spine of the case.
  • Paste is applied to both sides of the crash and to the sides of the front and back end papers adjacent the insides of the covers of the case.
  • the end papers are pasted to the inside of the covers, enclosing the crash.
  • the case and body are then placed in a press to form the groove at either edge of the case spine.
  • the hinge forms a most critical portion thereof.
  • the hinge must have sufiicient flexibility to permit the covers to open and close easily and to lie flat when the book is in use.
  • the hinge must have sutficient strength to retain the body in the case under conditions of normal wear and tear throughout the useful life of the book.
  • a second expedient has been to accelerate the drying of the paste.
  • the press used to form the hinge is equipped with heated press platens so that heat, as well as pressure, is applied to the book undergoing binding.
  • the heat of the platens must pass through the cover in order to reach the paste on the inside thereof.
  • cover materials include multi-layer cardboard and buckram, both of which tend to be good thermal insulators.
  • hot melts i.e. substances which are applied to the book parts in the molten form and which subsequently solidify to affix the body to the case.
  • hot melts i.e. substances which are applied to the book parts in the molten form and which subsequently solidify to affix the body to the case.
  • such substances are difficult to handle and apply, are low in strength, and are expensive.
  • commercially feasible hot melts have a fairly long solidification period, for example seven seconds, so that only modest increases in processing speed are obtainable.
  • the object of the present invention to provide an improved process of casing in bound books which permits a significant increase in the processing speed while at the same time maintaining or, in many cases, enhancing the quality and uniformity of quality of the hinge formed during the casing-in operation.
  • the present invention provides an im proved process of casing-in including the step of applying a bonding agent having a thermally induced short period of adhesiveness to the body or case adjacent the hinge area.
  • the short adhesive period of the bonding agent is induced by exposure of the agent to a selected form of indirectly applied energy.
  • a suitable bonding agent is typically formed by dispersing in a thermoplastic carrier a susceptor material heatable by indirectly applied energy.
  • the bonding agent may be applied directly to the end papers, crash, and covers of the book in the conventional manner or may be applied as a separate material film interposed between the above identified elements.
  • the bonding agent may be used in conjunction with conventional pastes to reinforce the hinges of the book.
  • the body of the book is inserted into the case so that the portion having the bonding agent applied thereto is located at the hinge.
  • the portion is then exposed to the indirectly applied energy to induce the adhesive period as by heating the agent, thereby to cement the body to the case at the hinge to form the completed book.
  • Pressure is applied to the hinge area during and/or after the exposure of the portion having the bonding agent applied thereto to complete formation of a hinge having the desired properties of flexibility and strength in a minimum of time.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a typical hard bound book, a portion of the hinge area of the book being broken away to reveal the construction thereof;
  • FIG. 2 is a cross sectional view taken generally along the line 2-2 of FIG. 1, showing in detail, a hinge of a book and showing the initial step of the casing-in process of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a cross sectional view, similar to FIG. 2, showing subsequent steps in the process of the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a cross sectional view, similar to FIG. 2, showing a modification of the casing-in process of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a cross sectional view, similar to FIG. 3, showing the use of a different type of indirectly applied energy in the process of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 2 through 5 show the book hinge in a somewhat exaggerated form to facilitate an understanding of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown therein an asmicd hard bound book comprised of case 12 and body 14.
  • Case 12 includes front cover 16a and back cover 16b, each of which is formed of board 18 covered with buckram cloth 20.
  • Buckram cloth 20 connects the boards at spine 22.
  • a groove 24 formed in the buckram at either edge of the spine permits the covers to hinge on the spine.
  • the body 14 of book 10 is formed of a plurality of leaves 26 folded on a center fold and sewn together to form signatures 28 which are sewn on cords 29 to form body 14.
  • End papers 30 are afiixed to the front and back of the body so as to abut the inner surfaces of front and back cover boards 18.
  • crash 32 is cemented to the center folds of the assembled signatures across cords 29 and extends along the exterior surface of the end papers between the cover boards and the end papers. If desired, the portion of crash 32 adjacent the spine of the book may be covered with kraft paper 34.
  • the crash is pasted to the end papers and to the insides of the cover boards at the hinge in the presence of such pressure and/or heat as is obtainable to attach the body to the case and form the assembled hard bound book.
  • the present invention contemplates the use of a bonding agent having a short period of adhesiveness or viscidness responsive to exposure to a high frequency magnetic field.
  • the exposure typically results in a temperature increase and the bonding agent may be thermoplastic in nature.
  • the bonding agent may be thermosetting, such as an epoxy compound having a cure rate proportional to temperature.
  • a bonding agent having a short period of adhesiveness is often said to have a short open time.
  • a bonding agent having the necessary properties for successful practice of the present invention may be formed by selecting a thermoplastic or thermosetting carrier and dispersing therein a material susceptible to heating by the indirectly applied energy.
  • the material is preferably in particulate form and is incorporated in the carrier in quantities sufficient to produce the desired heating action. This is typically 10 to by weight with respect to the carrier.
  • a susceptor may be responsive to the indirect application of energy in the form of an alternating magnetic field, in which case the susceptor could consist of material heatable by induction heating, such as fine particles of iron oxide, preferably yFe O Metal particles or ferrite particles may also be used.
  • the carrier may, under normal conditions, be a fluid substance, typically a liquid, having the susceptor suspended therein, or the carrier may be solid substance, such as a film or layer, having the susceptor dispersed therein.
  • the carrier should be dryable at a rate commensurate with the speed of the casingin process.
  • a typical carrier of the thermoplastic type which has been found useful in the process of the present invention is the water emulsion of ethylene vinyl acetate sold under the trade designation Aircoflex 400 by Air Reduction Co., New York, New York. The period of adhesiveness or open time of such a carrier upon termination of the application of heat is on the order of one second.
  • the bonding agent formed as described above, is applied to the book portions to commence the casing operation.
  • the bonding agent identified by numeral 36
  • the bonding agent 36 may contact both sides of crash 34 adjacent hinge 24 as well as the inside of boards 18 of covers 16a and 16b and the outsides of end papers 30.
  • bonding agent 36 may be applied to a desired combination of the above mentioned surfaces. It has been found preferable, [from the standpoint of reducing unwanted smearing, adhesion, and the like, to allow bonding agent 36 to assume the dry state before further processing of book 10.
  • bonding agent 36 When bonding agent 36 is in solid form, it may be applied to the hinge area, either before or after assembly of the case and body, as hereinafter described.
  • Body 14 is inserted in case 12 with that portion of crash 34 located across the centerfolds of signatures 28 abutting spine 22. This locates the portions of crash 32, or end papers 30, to which bonding agent 36 has been applied at hinge 24.'In the case where bonding agent 36 has been applied to case 12 this places crash 32 and end papers 30 adjacent the treated portions of case 12.
  • the bonding agent is then exposed to the indirectly applied energy as by inserting hinge 24 into a radiant field.
  • an alternating magnetic field may be established by coils 42, shown in cross section in FIG. 3 energized by the current of alternating source 44.
  • Coils 42 may be cooled by coolant circulated in passages 46, to prevent scorching or degradation of buckram 20 of boards 18.
  • the susceptor of the bonding agent Upon insertion in the field of coils 42, the susceptor of the bonding agent increases in temperature causing the agent carrier to enter the adhesive state and commence the bonding process.
  • pressure is applied to book in the area of hinge 24. While separate pressure applying means may be used, it is advantageous to utilize the pressure applying means, platen 48, as the support for coils 42, as shown in FIG. 3. Pressure is applied in the direction of the arrows in FIG. 3.
  • the pressure applied by platen 48 continues until the termination of the period of adhesiveness of bonding agent 36 or until bonding agent 36 is set, and boards 18, crash 32, and end papers 30 are firmly bonded at hinge 24.
  • Removal of book 10 from the field of coils 42, or the turn otf of alternating current source 44 initiates the termination of the period of adhesiveness in a thermoplastic carrier.
  • Pressure may be applied prior to the termination of the heating of the susceptor, as described.
  • bonding agent 36 has set, the pressure may be removed and the casing-in of book 10 is complete. Because pressure is applied during the entire time bonding agent 36 is setting, a highly satisfactory hinge joint is obtained through the firm adhesion and its continuity throughout the hinge area. There is also considerably less variation in the quality of the hinge joint than has heretofore been experienced.
  • case 12 and body 14 may be placed in an electric field created by electrodes 50 energized by alternating current voltage source 52. Platens 48 may be incorporated in electrodes 50 as shown in FIG. 5. The remaining steps of the process proceed as described in connection with FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • the process of the present invention may also be used to reinforce the hinges of books cased-in in the normal manner.
  • Bonding agent 36 is placed in hinge 24 at the points of joinder or at points of excessive stress and wear, as shown in FIG. 4, adjacent the conventional paste 54.
  • Bonding agent 36 is treated in the manner described above to insure that adequate bonding occurs at the aforesaid points, thereby to improve the strength and durability of hinges 24.
  • the conventional paste may dry in the ordinary manner and Without pressure without affecting the quality of the hinge.
  • step of exposing the bonding agent is further defined as melting the bonding agent by exposure to a high frequency magnetic fluid to induce the short period of viscidness.
  • step of applying the bonding agent is further defined as placing the bonding agent in a solidified state before inserting the body into the case.
  • the improved process according to claim 3 including an initial step of forming a bonding agent by dispersing particles of susceptor material heatable upon exposure to a high frequency magnetic field in a thermoplastic carrier to form the bonding agent.
  • step of forming the bonding agent is further defined as dispersing particles of an iron oxide susceptor in the carrier.
  • step of forming the bonding agent is further defined as dispersing particles of 'yF O in the carrier.
  • step of applying the bonding agent is further defined as applying the bonding agent to the abuttable portion of at least one of the body, case, and crash adjacent the hinge area to bond the end papers and crash to the boards of the case.
  • step of exposing the bonding agent is further defined as melting the bonding agent by exposure to a high frequency magnetic field to induce the short period of viscidness.
  • step of applying the bonding agent is further defined as placing the bonding agent in a solidified state before binding the body into the case.
  • the bonding agent is a congelable liquid and the step of applying the bonding agent is further defined as appersing particles of susceptor material heatable upon exposure to a high frequency magnetic field in a thermoplastic carrier to form the bonding agent.
  • step of forming the bonding agent is further defined as dispersing particles of an iron oxide susceptor in the carrier.
  • step of forming the bonding agent is further defined as dispersing particles of 'yFe O in the carrier.
  • the bonding agent is further defined as including a thermosetting carrier capable of assuming the viscid state.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
  • Educational Administration (AREA)
  • Educational Technology (AREA)
  • Adhesives Or Adhesive Processes (AREA)
  • Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
US00074271A 1970-09-22 1970-09-22 Book binding process Expired - Lifetime US3730806A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US7427170A 1970-09-22 1970-09-22

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3730806A true US3730806A (en) 1973-05-01

Family

ID=22118689

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US00074271A Expired - Lifetime US3730806A (en) 1970-09-22 1970-09-22 Book binding process

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US3730806A (enExample)
JP (1) JPS5419805B1 (enExample)
AU (1) AU471508B2 (enExample)
CA (1) CA935204A (enExample)
DE (1) DE2147348C2 (enExample)
FR (1) FR2108411A5 (enExample)
GB (1) GB1302675A (enExample)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3953056A (en) * 1972-06-09 1976-04-27 Bookwrights, Inc. Bookbinding with plastic covers
US3964769A (en) * 1973-05-23 1976-06-22 William C. Heller, Jr. Book binding method
US3992741A (en) * 1975-05-12 1976-11-23 General Binding Corporation Fold bind machine
EP0171604A3 (en) * 1984-07-19 1987-06-03 Heller, William C., Jr. Thermoset bonding agent for non-distortion joining of selfsupporting thermoset component parts
USD380488S (en) * 1995-03-09 1997-07-01 Elstad Karen L Apparatus for binding books
DE19729528B4 (de) * 1996-11-11 2014-05-22 Kolbus Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren zum maschinellen Herstellen eines Buches
US10000086B2 (en) * 2015-02-10 2018-06-19 Unibind Limited Binding device

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2259295A (en) * 1991-09-06 1993-03-10 Mcdonald George W Producing folded articles, e.g. maps
BE1016441A3 (nl) * 2005-02-01 2006-11-07 Unibind Cyprus Ltd Werkwijze voor het thermisch inbinden van een bundel losse bladen en/of documenten en inbindelement daarbij toegepast.
ITVI20110075A1 (it) * 2011-04-01 2012-10-02 Tumaini Marco Alfredo Macchina rilegatrice per l'applicazione di copertine a blocchi di elementi laminari
DE102015102304A1 (de) * 2015-02-18 2016-08-18 Bundesdruckerei Gmbh Einlageblatt, Buchblock und buchartiges Dokument sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Einlageblattes, Buchblocks und eines buchartigen Dokuments
FR3132046B1 (fr) 2022-01-25 2024-01-19 Mf Tech Machine et procédé d’enroulement filamentaire avec application de résine

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1844516A (en) * 1930-04-26 1932-02-09 Meyer Walter Casing-in process
US3461014A (en) * 1964-06-11 1969-08-12 Albert L James Magnetic induction method for heat-sealing and bonding predetermined sealing areas
DE1569958A1 (de) * 1964-08-26 1969-07-31 Dow Corning Verklebungsmittel fuer Buchruecken und/oder Einbanddecken

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3953056A (en) * 1972-06-09 1976-04-27 Bookwrights, Inc. Bookbinding with plastic covers
US3964769A (en) * 1973-05-23 1976-06-22 William C. Heller, Jr. Book binding method
US3992741A (en) * 1975-05-12 1976-11-23 General Binding Corporation Fold bind machine
EP0171604A3 (en) * 1984-07-19 1987-06-03 Heller, William C., Jr. Thermoset bonding agent for non-distortion joining of selfsupporting thermoset component parts
AU571985B2 (en) * 1984-07-19 1988-04-28 Heller, W.C. Jr. Heat-accelerated curing
USD380488S (en) * 1995-03-09 1997-07-01 Elstad Karen L Apparatus for binding books
DE19729528B4 (de) * 1996-11-11 2014-05-22 Kolbus Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren zum maschinellen Herstellen eines Buches
US10000086B2 (en) * 2015-02-10 2018-06-19 Unibind Limited Binding device

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CA935204A (en) 1973-10-09
FR2108411A5 (enExample) 1972-05-19
AU3371571A (en) 1973-03-29
GB1302675A (enExample) 1973-01-10
DE2147348A1 (de) 1972-03-30
JPS5419805B1 (enExample) 1979-07-18
AU471508B2 (en) 1976-04-29
DE2147348C2 (de) 1982-11-25

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