US3727680A - Apparatus for finishing patterns and core boxes - Google Patents

Apparatus for finishing patterns and core boxes Download PDF

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Publication number
US3727680A
US3727680A US3727680DA US3727680A US 3727680 A US3727680 A US 3727680A US 3727680D A US3727680D A US 3727680DA US 3727680 A US3727680 A US 3727680A
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Prior art keywords
tank
solution
patterns
supporting structure
electroless nickel
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English (en)
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R Henry
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Deere and Co
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Deere and Co
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
    • C23C18/1619—Apparatus for electroless plating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C18/00—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating
    • C23C18/16—Chemical coating by decomposition of either liquid compounds or solutions of the coating forming compounds, without leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating; Contact plating by reduction or substitution, e.g. electroless plating
    • C23C18/1601—Process or apparatus
    • C23C18/1633—Process of electroless plating
    • C23C18/1675—Process conditions
    • C23C18/168—Control of temperature, e.g. temperature of bath, substrate
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/6416—With heating or cooling of the system
    • Y10T137/6579—Circulating fluid in heat exchange relationship

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT (211 Appl' 186333 An apparatus for finishing patterns and core boxes which are used under abrasive conditions and in [52] US. Cl. ..16S/] 19, 1 18/429, 118/603, production operations.
  • the invention concerns the 137/340, 204/242, 220/17 formation of an electroless nickel plating on at least [51] Int. Cl. ..F28f 19/00 the surface portions of the patterns and core boxes [58] Field of Search ..l18/429, 425, 602, which are subject to wear because of repeated contact 1 18/603; 1 17/1 NQ; 137/334, 544, 340; with molding and core forming materials.
  • the electro- 165/ 106, 108, l 19; 204/242, 49, 237, 239; less nickel solution is contained in a holding tank com- 134/ NO; 220/ 17, 63 prising a large inert plastic structure supported by surrounding insulating walls.
  • the plastic tank is remova- [56] References Cited ble so that a clean tank can be utilized at all times thereby increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of UNITED STATES PATENTS the nickel plating operation.
  • a circulating system in- 2,357,536 9/1944 Morse ..118/429 x eluding a heat exchanger and filter means is employed 2,529,699 11/1950 to provide maximum efficiency with respect to the use 2,539,549 l/1954 of the plating solution.
  • 2,897,996 8/1959 3,310,027 3/1967 Lindemann ..1 18/602 X 5 Claim, 3 Drawing Figures PATENTEnAPRmm SHEET 1 or 2 6122 F285 umzE 55. a
  • This invention relates to the production of patterns and core boxes, particularly patterns and core boxes which are subject to a relatively high degree of wear due to use under abrasive conditions, for example, as is encountered in high pressure molding equipment.
  • the structures are usually formed of cast aluminum or cast iron.
  • Aluminum can be cast economically, it can be cast into intricate shapes, and it requires a minimum of finishing after casting.
  • the aluminum structures are also light and, therefore, easier to handle during molding operations.
  • Aluminum patterns and core boxes are, however, limited to applications which do not require high volume production of molds and cores.
  • the aluminum is subject to relatively rapid wear and, in high pressure operations, for example, it has been found that the aluminum is generally not satisfactory where more than about 5,000 molds are to be produced. Attempts to prolong the use of the aluminum will lead to a loss in dimensional accuracy in the molds produced and may also lead to unsatisfactory mold surfaces because of the tendency of the aluminum to become excessively porous after extended use.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow diagram illustrating the treatment steps applied to a pattern in accordance with the teachings of this invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of the electroless plating apparatus employed for the finishing of the patterns.
  • FIG. 3 is a crosssectional view of a plating tank devised for use in the plating of patterns and core boxes in accordance with the teachings of the invention.
  • This invention generally relates to the finishing of patterns and core boxes which are designed for use under abrasive conditions as in high pressure molding machines, or otherwise under conditions which tend to develop wear on the pattern and core box surfaces.
  • the invention specifically involves the formation of an electroless nickel plating on patterns and core box surfaces whereby surprising and highly satisfactory performance of the patterns and core boxes can be achieved.
  • the use of an electroless nickel process particularly for the finishing of patterns and core boxes.
  • the elec troless nickel provides a highly durable, wear resistant and corrosion resistant surface for the articles plated whereby even articles formed entirely of cast aluminum can be used for high volume production of molds with high pressure molding equipment.
  • the electroless nickel can surprisingly be employed in conjunction with patterns and core boxes which are formed of a variety of materials even where such materials are employed together, for example in situations where a plurality of individual aluminum patterns are mounted on a cast iron base.
  • the electroless nickel can be deposited on such combinations of material, and on other combinations including cases where solders of different metallic composition are employed for purposes of reshaping or repairing a pattern surface.
  • the electroless nickel will deposit uniformly even where very intricate surface configurations are involved.
  • the electroless nickel overcomes drawbacks encountered during experimentation with other plating techniques which generally lead to the non-uniform deposit of material on different pattern areas.
  • the apparatus of this invention which is utilized in conjunction with the aforementioned techniques generally comprises a large holding tank for an electroless nickel solution.
  • the tank is formed of a substantially inert plastic material located on a surrounding supporting structure.
  • the supporting structure includes an inner wall located adjacent the side walls of the tank and a spaced apart outer wall surrounding the inner wall. The space between the walls provides insulation for the tank.
  • a glass fiber re-enforced skin is preferably molded onto a supporting backing for purposes of forming the inner and outer walls.
  • the tank is combined with a circulating system including a first conduit extending from the bottom of the tank to a pump means.
  • a second conduit connects the pump means to a heat exchanger, and a third conduit connects the heat exchanger to a filter.
  • the solution is continuously circulated by the pump through the heat exchanger and filter with the filter being positioned for discharging the solution into the tank as the solution circulates.
  • FIG. 1 provides a schematic illustration of the process conducted with the apparatus as well as the steps involved in the cleaning operation.
  • the particular cleaning operations include the initial step of vapor degreasing. This operation will remove relatively loosely held contaminants; however, and particularly because of the aforementioned pattern testing operations, the degreasing will not remove embedded contaminants.
  • the vapor degreasing is, therefore, followed by a cleaning phase comprising either a soak or electrolytic immersion in an alkaline solution.
  • the cleaning phase may comprise a soak cleaning, particularly where aluminum casting alloys form all or a part of the articles to be plated.
  • the soak is preferably carried out in a non-silicate, non-etch aluminum cleaner.
  • the cleaning compound is used in a concentration of 8 to 12 ounces per gallon of solution maintained between 180 and 200 F.
  • An alkaline 470" solution produced by MacDermid Incorporated provides a suitable composition for this soak cleaning.
  • AI- ternatively, where the articles are totally an iron base material such as cast iron, an electrolytic cleaning bath, or electro-cleaner, can be employed since the iron base material will resist removal of any of the pattern material under the electrolytic conditions.
  • the soak or electrolytic cleaning is also inadequate for providing complete cleaning since some of the heavily embedded particles of sand and other contaminants will resist removal at this point. Accordingly, the cleaning phase is followed by immersion of the articles in an acid bath.
  • a preferred bath for the acid cleaning where both iron and aluminum alloys form a part of the I article is an inhibited nitric acid solution since this solution will not aggressively attack the iron. Since this invention has particular application to patterns and core boxes formed of a combination of materials such as cast iron and aluminum, the inhibited nitric acid bath provides a particularly advantageous cleaning means.
  • a muriatic acid (HCI) pickle is employed as the cleaning phase.
  • the articles are subjected to rinsing operations after the cleaning and acid bath treatment.
  • mechanical scrubbing may be resorted to, for example, with brushes.
  • it may be desirable in some cases to repeat the cleaning and acid immersion steps with or without mechanical scrubbing.
  • the cleaning phase of the operation is followed by a zincate treatment of the articles to be plated where aluminum is present.
  • This pre-treatment of the aluminum surfaces has been found to be ideally suitable for patterns formed all or in part of aluminum.
  • the deposit of nickel from solution can only be satisfactorily accomplished from the standpoint .of uniformity and adherence when the surface to be plated is properly receptive.
  • the zincate treatment has been found to provide a suitably receptive surface for aluminum and does not have any detrimental affect on brass or cast iron, or on any solder materials commonly used in pattern making.
  • the particular zincate solution comprises a combination of caustic soda and zinc oxide and is used at room temperature.
  • the zincate treatment is followed by a rinse and then immersion of the articles in the electroless plating bath.
  • the patterns and core boxes are preferably provided with a plating having a thickness of about 0.001 inches; however, plating thicknesses between 0.00025 and 0.010 inches are contemplated with the selected thickness depending upon the amount of wear to which a particular article will be subjected. In instances where patterns and core boxes will not be subjected to high volume production or where the surface configurations are such that a great deal of abrasion will not occur, then thicker coatings are not required. In instances of high wear, a thicker deposit may be employed as long as the plating will adhere in a satisfactory fashion without chipping or flaking.
  • the actual electroless nickel solutions may be of standard composition, for example, a solution initially containing basically 0.7 ounces per gallon nickel and 4 percent sodium hypophosphite.
  • concentration of nickel and sodium hypophosphite may be gradually increased as the age of the bath increases.
  • the initial operating temperatures are preferably in the order of 170 to 175 F.
  • Electroless nickel plating solutions are relatively expensive, and it is, therefore, important to avoid any-significant waste of such solutions.
  • the solutions can be placed in relatively small containers so that only a small amount of solution is being used for plating at any given time. In the event that the solution becomes contaminated, then the relatively small amount can be discarded without any significant loss.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 illustrate the particular structural arrangement of this invention. This construction provides an ideal means for conserving the solution and for otherwise providing an efficient arrangement for carrying out the electroless plating.
  • a tank 10 contains an electroless nickel plating solution 12.
  • a first conduit 14 extends from the bottom of the tank to a pump 16.
  • a second conduit 18 feeds the solution to a heat exchanger 20.
  • a third conduit 22 passes the solution from the heat exchanger to a filter 24 and the material isreturned to the bath 12 through this filter.
  • the heat exchanger 20 includes a steam inlet pipe 26 which serves to pass the steam through an annular jacket surrounding the heat exchange conduit which contains the solution. The steam is passed out through a conduit 28 for recycling.
  • Additives are introduced to the solution either continuously or at desired intervals. These materials may comprise amounts of nickel and sodium hypophosphite for increasing the ratios of these materials in the solution and for replenishing amounts which have been deposited during plating.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a preferred structural form for the tank 10.
  • This tank includes a plastic liner 32 formed of a material which will be inert as far as the electroless plating operation is concerned. Polypropylene is a particularly suitable material for this purpose.
  • the liner 32 includes an outwardly extending outer flange 34 which rests on the top wall 36 of a supporting structure for the liner.
  • the wall 36 includes a downwardly sloping outer edge portion so that the exposed surface of the tank assumes a like configuration. If any of the solution in the tank should be splashed into this area, the solution will flow away from the tank thereby reducing the possibility of contamination.
  • the tank supporting structure includes a glass fiber skin portion 38 and inner and outer plywood portions 40.
  • the plywood panels 40 are separated by means of 2 X 4s 42 thereby providing a spaced apart relationship for the panels 40 so that the construction is inherently characterized by an insulating space 44 with the glass fiber adding to the insulating ability.
  • the liner 32 comprises an integrally formed tub having 8 1 inch thick side and bot tom walls.
  • the plywood panels are be inch thick and an approximately 1% inch thick glass fiber re-enforced skin is molded around the plywood.
  • the insulated structure of FIG. 3 is particularly advantageous.
  • the arrangement described is structurally strong so that the weight of the solution can be readily handled.
  • the liner can be very easily handled by simply locating the liner within the supporting structure in the manner illustrated.
  • the additional advantage of a removable liner 32 is thus achieved.
  • the liner can be easily lifted up and replaced if it becomes damaged or otherwise unsuitable for use.
  • the liner material is very suitable for cleaning, and the liner as well as the other portion of the system can be efficiently cleaned by circulating nitric acid through the entire system at periodic intervals.
  • Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride piping is preferably employed for the conduits l8 and 22.
  • the heat exchanger may comprise Pyrex internal conduits for carrying the solution and outer steel pipe for containing the steam in the annular space between these pipes and the internal conduits of the heat exchanger.
  • the filter 24 preferably comprises a polypropylene bag adapted to filter out particles of a size greater than five microns. The use of this filter is quite important from the standpoint of avoiding the introduction of solid particles into the plating bath which could serve as nucleating points for the unwanted deposit of nickel.
  • the system described is useful for the replating of articles which have been used to the point that excessive wear has occurred in one or more locations, or where some mistake was made in a previous plating operation.
  • the replating process is preceded by a stripping operation for purposes of removing any portions of the previously applied nickel plating.
  • the stripping operation is desired so that the nickel will deposit uniformly over the entire surface without any areas having an excessivelythick buildup of nickel.
  • the improved wear is due to the hardness of the electroless nickel when compared with the aluminum and cast iron.
  • Cast aluminum typically has a Brinell hardness number of about 80, cast iron about 200 and electroless nickel about 500.
  • the electroless nickel hardness can be further increased by heat treatment; however, this has not been necessary to obtain the improvements discussed.
  • the use of the system provides significant savings in a foundry operation.
  • it is approximately 40 percent cheaper to nickel-plate than to produce a pattern or a core box from cast iron.
  • the electroless nickel plating still provides improved wear characteristics, improved separation, and the visual wear indication.
  • said inner and outer walls each comprising a plastic coating bonded onto a supporting backing the space between said walls providing insulation for said tank, and wherein 'said tank is removably received within said supporting structure.
  • a construction in' accordance with claim I including circulating means for handling the electroless nickel solution to be used in said tank, said circulating means including a first conduit extending from the bottom of said tank to a pump means, a second conduit extending from said pump means to a heat exchanger, and a third conduit extendingfrom said heat exchanger to a filter, said solution being continuously circulated by said pump from said tank through said first and second conduits, through said heat exchanger, and through said third conduit to said filter, said filter being positioned for discharging said solution into said tank.
  • said supporting structure defines an upper wall extending between said inner and outer walls, said tank defining an outwardly extending flange adapted for positioning on said upper wall for thereby locating said tank relative to said supporting structure.
  • said supporting structure includes downwardly sloping shoulder portions whereby any solution spilling onto said shoulder portions will be directed away from said tank to thereby avoid contamination of solution in the tank.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemically Coating (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
US3727680D 1971-10-04 1971-10-04 Apparatus for finishing patterns and core boxes Expired - Lifetime US3727680A (en)

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US18633371A 1971-10-04 1971-10-04

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AU (1) AU457919B2 (da)
CA (1) CA951509A (da)
CH (1) CH544155A (da)
DE (1) DE2154890B2 (da)
DK (1) DK141375B (da)
FR (1) FR2156508B1 (da)
IT (1) IT941310B (da)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3800818A (en) * 1973-01-08 1974-04-02 R Groat Bulk meltable solids transport system
US4143618A (en) * 1978-04-14 1979-03-13 Evo Del Vecchio Electroless nickel plating apparatus
US4150180A (en) * 1975-12-08 1979-04-17 Potapov Fedor P Method for chemical nickel-plating of parts having a catalytic surface employing a vessel having an upper heated zone and a lower cooled zone
US4262044A (en) * 1980-05-16 1981-04-14 Kuczma Jr John J Method for the electroless nickel plating of long bodies
US6790481B2 (en) 2001-10-09 2004-09-14 Aos Holding Company Corrosion-resistant heat exchanger
US20050163916A1 (en) * 2004-01-22 2005-07-28 Dubin Valery M. Electroless plating systems and methods
CN102633348A (zh) * 2012-04-18 2012-08-15 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 一种酸池防漏方法

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE50202137D1 (de) * 2002-11-20 2005-03-03 Franz Oberflaechentechnik Gmbh Behälter für chemische Metallisierung

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2357536A (en) * 1941-05-14 1944-09-05 Goodrich Co B F Method of and apparatus for depositing films
US2529699A (en) * 1947-09-12 1950-11-14 Uarco Inc Apparatus for coating paper with carbon wax
US2539549A (en) * 1947-01-08 1951-01-30 Western Electric Co Impregnating apparatus
US2897996A (en) * 1957-11-22 1959-08-04 Kromex Corp Double walled container
US3310027A (en) * 1964-04-20 1967-03-21 Hooker Chemical Corp Liquid coating apparatus
US3365092A (en) * 1965-12-06 1968-01-23 Anna M. Blessing Insulated food container
US3599601A (en) * 1968-05-28 1971-08-17 Nippon Carbon Co Ltd Internally heated autoclave for metal impregnation
US3642096A (en) * 1970-09-23 1972-02-15 Ohio Brass Co Insulating liner for man-carrying buckets

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2357536A (en) * 1941-05-14 1944-09-05 Goodrich Co B F Method of and apparatus for depositing films
US2539549A (en) * 1947-01-08 1951-01-30 Western Electric Co Impregnating apparatus
US2529699A (en) * 1947-09-12 1950-11-14 Uarco Inc Apparatus for coating paper with carbon wax
US2897996A (en) * 1957-11-22 1959-08-04 Kromex Corp Double walled container
US3310027A (en) * 1964-04-20 1967-03-21 Hooker Chemical Corp Liquid coating apparatus
US3365092A (en) * 1965-12-06 1968-01-23 Anna M. Blessing Insulated food container
US3599601A (en) * 1968-05-28 1971-08-17 Nippon Carbon Co Ltd Internally heated autoclave for metal impregnation
US3642096A (en) * 1970-09-23 1972-02-15 Ohio Brass Co Insulating liner for man-carrying buckets

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3800818A (en) * 1973-01-08 1974-04-02 R Groat Bulk meltable solids transport system
US4150180A (en) * 1975-12-08 1979-04-17 Potapov Fedor P Method for chemical nickel-plating of parts having a catalytic surface employing a vessel having an upper heated zone and a lower cooled zone
US4143618A (en) * 1978-04-14 1979-03-13 Evo Del Vecchio Electroless nickel plating apparatus
US4262044A (en) * 1980-05-16 1981-04-14 Kuczma Jr John J Method for the electroless nickel plating of long bodies
US6790481B2 (en) 2001-10-09 2004-09-14 Aos Holding Company Corrosion-resistant heat exchanger
US20050163916A1 (en) * 2004-01-22 2005-07-28 Dubin Valery M. Electroless plating systems and methods
US7597763B2 (en) * 2004-01-22 2009-10-06 Intel Corporation Electroless plating systems and methods
CN102633348A (zh) * 2012-04-18 2012-08-15 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 一种酸池防漏方法

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DE2154890A1 (de) 1973-05-03
AU457919B2 (en) 1975-01-24
AU3541771A (en) 1973-05-10
CA951509A (en) 1974-07-23
DK141375C (da) 1980-08-25
FR2156508A1 (da) 1973-06-01
DK141375B (da) 1980-03-03
DE2154890C3 (da) 1974-06-27
DE2154890B2 (de) 1973-11-08
CH544155A (fr) 1973-11-15
FR2156508B1 (da) 1974-05-10
IT941310B (it) 1973-03-01

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