US3704223A - Dialysis apparatus with capillary exchanger - Google Patents

Dialysis apparatus with capillary exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
US3704223A
US3704223A US831174A US83117469A US3704223A US 3704223 A US3704223 A US 3704223A US 831174 A US831174 A US 831174A US 83117469 A US83117469 A US 83117469A US 3704223 A US3704223 A US 3704223A
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capillaries
capillary
exchanger
hans
bundle
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Hans-Joachim Dietzsch
Otto Dietzsch
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Dietzsch Hans Joachim GmbH
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Dietzsch Hans Joachim GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/06—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material
    • F28F21/067—Details
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
    • B01D65/08—Prevention of membrane fouling or of concentration polarisation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D69/08—Hollow fibre membranes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C31/00—Handling, e.g. feeding of the material to be shaped, storage of plastics material before moulding; Automation, i.e. automated handling lines in plastics processing plants, e.g. using manipulators or robots
    • B29C31/008—Handling preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C33/00—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C33/44—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor with means for, or specially constructed to facilitate, the removal of articles, e.g. of undercut articles
    • B29C33/52—Moulds or cores; Details thereof or accessories therefor with means for, or specially constructed to facilitate, the removal of articles, e.g. of undercut articles soluble or fusible
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C39/00—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C39/02—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
    • B29C39/10—Shaping by casting, i.e. introducing the moulding material into a mould or between confining surfaces without significant moulding pressure; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. casting around inserts or for coating articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C41/00—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C41/24—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor for making articles of indefinite length
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/70—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by moulding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
    • B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
    • B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • B29C66/5344—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length, e.g. joining flanges to tube ends
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • B29C66/5346—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially flat
    • B29C66/53465—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially flat said single flat elements being provided with holes facing the tube ends, e.g. for making heat-exchangers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/68—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks
    • B29C70/84—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks by moulding material on preformed parts to be joined
    • B29C70/845—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts by incorporating or moulding on preformed parts, e.g. inserts or layers, e.g. foam blocks by moulding material on preformed parts to be joined by moulding material on a relative small portion of the preformed parts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/043—Details
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
    • F28D7/103—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically consisting of more than two coaxial conduits or modules of more than two coaxial conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/06—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material
    • F28F21/062—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of plastics material the heat-exchange apparatus employing tubular conduits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
    • B01D2321/08—Use of hot water or water vapor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/14—Filters
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/18—Heat-exchangers or parts thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
    • B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
    • B29L2031/60—Multitubular or multicompartmented articles, e.g. honeycomb
    • B29L2031/601—Multi-tubular articles, i.e. composed of a plurality of tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/005—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for medical applications
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2260/00—Heat exchangers or heat exchange elements having special size, e.g. microstructures
    • F28F2260/02—Heat exchangers or heat exchange elements having special size, e.g. microstructures having microchannels
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4981—Utilizing transitory attached element or associated separate material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
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    • Y10T29/4998—Combined manufacture including applying or shaping of fluent material

Definitions

  • FIG 13 1 I I l I llllmlllml llmlllfdlll IIIIMlIIEI F
  • FIG. 380 DIALYSIS APPARATUS WITH CAPILLARY EXCHANGER l7 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed June 6, 19 69 FIG. 380
  • the membrane capillary is produced by deposition onto an auxiliary core followed by bundling a plurality of the capillaries, introducing a means for holding into the ends of the cores, casting and hardening the means for holding to the ends of the capillaries, removing the mold and then removing the auxiliary cores from the interior of the membranes.
  • the exchanger is operable in the chamber for dialysis liquid treatment.
  • the invention concerns a process for the production of a capillary exchanger as well as the resultant improved exchanger obtained by this process.
  • Capillary exchangers have many applications, e.g. as exchangers for gases or components of solutions, for heat exchange and the like.
  • Capillary exchangers are already known which, however, have various shortcomings. Above all, it is the end face zone of the capillaries of such an exchanger with the necessary end plates in which the capillaries must be mounted that is often defective. The shearing stress on the capillaries in the area of the end plates is substantial and readily leads to breakage. In addition, leakage which is difficult to control often occurs at the mounting of the capillaries in the end plates.
  • the preferred mode of the process according to the invention leads to improved capillary exchangers which, in addition to the above-mentioned advantages also has the further advantage of an especially favorable flow in the exchangers interior. This advantage will be explained in detail further below.
  • the invention concerns primarily a process for the production of a membrane capillary exchanger having capillaries which are arranged side by side and spaced apart from each other, both ends of said capillaries being firmly embedded with their open end faces in holes of at least two holding walls, wherein each intracapillary space constitutes a passageway for a first liquid and the intercapillary space between the holding walls constitutes a passage for the flow of a second liquid and wherein each membrane capillary has been produced by the application, onto an auxiliary core consisting of a dissolvable or relatively easily fusible auxiliary substance, of at least one membrane layer, deposited from a solution of a substance capable of forming a membrane, or from a solution of an intermediary substance which is convertible into the final membrane substance, and, in the latter case, subsequent conversion into the final membrane substance, which process comprises (a) bundling a plurality of the membrane capillaries or intermediary product capillaries,
  • capillaries which capillaries contain the said auxiliary cores, while maintaining sufficient distances between the capillaries to allow the flow of the second liquid therethrough; and (b) introducing, in this arrangement the ends of the capillaries of said bundle into a holding means which is contained in a casting mold; (c) then pouring onto the holding means a layer of hardenable casting material which sealingly combines with the end zones of the capillaries; (d) hardening the resulting cast layer; then (e) removing the mold and the holding means contained therein from the capillary ends; and (f) finally removing from the interior of the membrane capillaries of intermediary substance the auxiliary cores, while preserving the outer layers constituting the membrane capillaries or the said intermediary substance capillaries.
  • the removal of the auxiliary core can be accomplished either by dissolving out the auxiliary core with a solvent which dissolves the said core but not the membrane capillary substance nor the said intermediary substance; or, in case the auxiliary core is made of a substance with a melting point below the melting point of the membrane capillary substance or the said intermediary substance, it can be melted out of the interior of the capillaries.
  • the finished capillary exchanger possesses then, as usual, an exchanging surface formed by the mantles of a plurality of hollow tubes or hollow threads which in the following are designated capillaries.
  • capillaries with their open end faces or the adjacent zones thereof are sealingly introduced or embedded in the end walls of the feed or collecting chambers and the exchange between the intraeapillary interior space of the capillaries and the intercapillary space, i.e. the space surrounding the capillaries, can take place in one or in both directions.
  • the capillaries are sealingly embedded in their end face zones in the walls or parts of the walls of the feed chambers or of the hardened casting material forming the intercapillary space.
  • the abovementioned membrane layers are applied to the auxiliary cores by lacquering or spraying them with drying and/or curable lacquers, casting resins or other resin forming liquid or pasty substances, such as, e.g., silicone rubber.
  • the application of one or preferably several coatings onto the auxiliary core is performed advantageously by using a solution of an intermediary substance which can be converted into the membrane substance, and the wall consisting of said intermediary substance is later converted by drying, curing or a suitable chemical treatment into the final substance forming the membrane capillary.
  • the dissolving or melting out of the auxiliary cores is preferably performed after the hardening of the layer or layers of casting material which form the walls of the intercapillary space or of a supply or collecting chamber or of a part of the wall of such a space.
  • At least one of the two end face zones of each of the capillaries is coated on the outer circumference thereof with an auxiliary mantle, before the above-mentioned introduction into the holding means, thus improving the stability of the mounting of the capillaries in the layer of casting material.
  • Such auxiliary mantles are coatings applied to the capillaries, consisting, e.g., of lacquer, of casting resins capable of being hardened after application, or of deposits of metal, preferably having been produced electrolytically.
  • such auxiliary mantles substantially improve the adherence of the end face zones of the capillaries to the hardened layer of casting material surrounding them.
  • the auxiliary mantles consist of silicone resins or metal.
  • these auxiliary mantles substantially reinforce the capillary end face zones in the vicinity of the hardened cast layer which surrounds them.
  • the auxiliary mantles consist of lacquer components such as acetyl cellulose, of hardened layers of casting resins such as epoxed resins, or of metal.
  • a preferably prefabricated frame surrounding the entire bundle of capillaries is also placed on the holding means about the ends of the membrane capillaries or intermediary capillaries of said bundle so that said frame is also joined with said cast layer.
  • This frame can be provided with appropriate projecting rims or indentations which form-lock with the final hardened cast layer so that the frame and the cast layer are very firmly joined.
  • the capillaries are bundled either in a two-dimensional arrangement so that, e.g., a single layer of capillaries arranged parallel to each other is obtained, or preferably in a three-dimensional arrangement in a plurality of layers.
  • the individual capillaries are first inserted into spacing tubes and then optionally conducted from these into spacers which remain in the bundle at least until the layer or layers of casting material have been poured onto the holding means, or still better, until the layer or layers of cast material have been hardened.
  • the bundle of the capillaries which are in the holding tubes or the spacers can then be treated at both ends thereof as described above for casting the layer or layers of material in the end face zones of the capillaries.
  • the capillary ends of one end of the capillary bundle is preferably inserted vertically into the holding means, which consists of an easily formable substance which is always or temporarily a liquid, a paste or a gelatinous mass preferably having a smooth surface, whereby this substance must be inert to the capillaries and to the casting material used for the cast layer.
  • the capillary ends of the bundle are, e.g., dipped or inserted into the holding means.
  • the holding means is removed by simple measures such as by heating, or by dissolving in suitable solvents.
  • the capillaries are arranged into a bundle by first arranging the capillaries in a preferably single layer, which can be compared with the warp of a fabric as used in the textile industry, then cutting off segments of such a single-layered arrangement of capillaries, and combining a plurality of such segments to a bundle consisting of a plurality of layers.
  • spacers can be used to arrange the capillaries in bundles, which spacers remain in the bundle when the end face zones of the capillaries are cast with the casting substance; the spacers can then be removed from the bundle or left in.
  • a specific embodiment of the invention comprises casting the spacers together with the casting material, preferably in a layer of casting material in which, at the same time, a prefabricated frame is fixed.
  • the invention further concerns a novel multiple countercurrent exchanger which can be produced according to the above-described process, comprising a casing; a bundle of tubes, preferably capillaries, in said casing,
  • the two end plates extend in two planes which are preferably not parallel with each other or which are curved, whereby the length of the tubes, in particular capillaries, of said bundle varies from one place to another.
  • each of the said individual channels of the inset preferably diminishes towards at least one of its two ends, in particular in the vicinity of that end of the inset which leads to the free space which is connected with the said fluid inlet means, the cross section being sufficiently narrow so that the second fluid introduced into the latter space is practically evenly distributed to all of the channels of the inset.
  • the said inset consists of a plurality of tubes being connected with each other in at least one zone, whereby the connection of the tubes of the inset, e.g., consists of at least one spacer.
  • the walls of the inset can consist of a plurality of foils touching each other, at least a part of which are grooved or corrugated.
  • the inset can consist of a block having individual channels formed by passages which run substantially parallel to each other.
  • the tubes of the said bundle are thickened at at least one of the ends thereof, whereby the thickened portions extend through the end wall holding the respective ends of the tubes and reach into the interior of the individual channels of the inset surrounding the tubes.
  • the thickened ends of the tubes advantageously extend through the end wall located at the inlet side for the second fluid and into the interior of the individual channels surrounding the tubes, the cross section of which channels in the vicinity of the passage of the tubes therethrough is narrowed in such a way that the second fluid from the free space located at the inlet side is evenly distributed to all of the channels.
  • the individual channels are preferably provided with narrowed zones causing turbulence in the second fluid flowing therethrough, as well as other effects explained further below.
  • the portions of the tubes which are within the channels can also be provided with narrowed zones, by means of which zones turbulence is caused in the first fluid flowing therethrough.
  • FIG. 1 shows in perspective a partial view of an apparatus for bundling the capillaries
  • FIG. 2 shows the same apparatus in lateral section
  • FIGS. 3 to 7 show various steps for the introduction of the capillary bundle into the spacers
  • FIGS. 8 to 11 show the various steps for the application of a layer of casting material
  • FIG. 12 shows a specific embodiment corresponding to FIG.
  • FIGS. 13 to 15 show various embodiments and the use of spacers
  • FIGS. 16 to 19 show the individual steps of modifications in the process after removal of the holding means
  • FIGS. 20 to 23 show the application of a layer of casting material after auxiliary mantles have been applied to the end face zones of the capillaries
  • FIGS. 24 to 29 show the corresponding steps when a frame is used
  • FIG. 30 shows a preferred embodiment of a novel multiple countercurrent exchanger produced according to the invention.
  • FIG. 31 shows a specific construction of inset tubular channels for such an exchanger
  • FIGS. 32, 33 and 34 show other modified embodiments of such an exchanger
  • FIGS. 35, 35a, and 35b illustrate modification of the process according to the invention for the production of capillaries with unsymmetrical cross-sectional properties
  • FIGS. 36 and 37 show arrangements for the production of capillaries according to FIGS. 35, 35a and 35b;
  • FIGS. 38a and 38b illustrate the assemblage of several such capillaries according to FIGS. 35, 35a and 35b;
  • FIG. 39 illustrates the operative characteristics of a bundle of capillaries according to FIGS. 35, 35a and 35b when used for electrodialysis.
  • FIG. 1 shows such a warp beam"-type of single-layer, side-by-side arrangement of capillaries 1 on a roller 2.
  • This single layer arrangement of the capillaries is unrolled from this roller in the direction of the arrow 3, conveyed to a storage holder 4 and inserted into it.
  • the storage holder 4 consists of a plurality of rows of bores 5, which for example can be formed by a corresponding arrangement of rows of tubes 6.
  • each bore 5 corresponds to one capillary 1.
  • the introduction of the capillaries 1 into the storage holder 4 is preferably accomplished by filling one row at a time of the bores 5 with a layer of the capillaries 1.
  • the capillaries are led through a guide plate 7 provided with holes 5', which can be moved parallel to itself in the direction of the double arrow 8.
  • the knife 9 (not shown in FIG. 1, see FIG. 2) cuts off this layer of capillaries at position 10.
  • the layer of capillaries can be transported for the introduction into the storage holder by means of the pair of rollers 11 (also only shown in FIG. 2), which is accordingly driven intermittently in the direction of rotation of arrow 12.
  • FIG. 2 shows schematically a side view of the same apparatus as is shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 1 only the front portion of the storage holder 4 is shown in perspective view, FIG. 2 shows its whole length.
  • the lower row of the bores S are already filled with capilaries 1.
  • the capillaries 1 are shown as lines. For clarity, the same linear representation of the capillaries has been chosen for FIGS. 3 to 22, 28 and 34.
  • the bores 5 are open at both ends of the storage holder 4 and the length of the storage holder is less than the length of the capillary segments, so that these, as shown in FIG. 3, can protrude a short distance from both ends of the storage holder.
  • the rear ends 13 of the bores 5 or the tubes 6 are tapered or bent inwardly so that their rear orifices are narrower than their front orifices.
  • spacers 14 consisting, for instance, of one or more woven pieces, the apertures of which are of the same size or larger than the diameter of the capillaries 1, while the distance between the apertures corresponds to the spacing of the bores of the storage holder, which spacers are located at one end of the storage holder, are appropriately brought into position (FIG. 4), advantageously at the end at which the tapered ends 13 of the bores are to be found.
  • FIG. 4 the following process step is illustrated: the capillaries 1 are inserted by the pusher 15 through the storage holder and the front ends thereof are pushed into the spacers 14 to be in frictional engagement with the latter. Then all of the capillaries are drawn with the aid of the spacers 14 to the left in FIG. 6, i.e. out of the storage holder; at the same time or subsequently the spacers are distributed over the entire length of the bundle of capillaries until the latter are finally borne only by the spacers 14, namely, after the capillaries have been completely withdrawn from the storage holder (FIG. 7). These operations can be performed by hand or these movements can also be carried out automatically by known mechanical means (not shown). It is also possible to place the capillaries directly into the spacers without the intermediary use of a storage holder.
  • FIGS. 8 to 11 show the subsequent operations to which the capillary bundle is then subjected.
  • this bundle is placed with the capillaries in vertical position above a layer of a holding means or agent 17 having an even and smooth surface, which has been poured into a trough 16.
  • the lower ends of the capillaries are dipped or inserted into this layer of holding agent (FIG. 9).
  • a layer 18 of casting material is poured onto the surface of the holding layer 17 and between the capillaries, and the cast layer is then hardened in the mold constituted by the surface of the holding agent 17 and the walls of trough 16.
  • the capillary bundle together with the said poured-on and hardened layer 18 of cast material is withdrawn from the holding means 17 (FIG. 11).
  • the other end of the capillary bundle can also be provided with a layer of hardened casting material in the same manner as described above and illustrated in FIGS. 8 to 11, by rotating the bundle by and repeating these steps.
  • FIG. 12 shows a modification of this process leading to another form of the exchanger, wherein the capillaries are closer to each other in their end face zone than in the adjacent zone of the exchanger. If, on the other hand, it is desirable to have the capillaries equally spaced apart, in the zone in which they are embedded in the terminal face walls as well as in all other zones of the exchanger, the process steps shown in FIGS. 8 to 11 will afford this result.
  • An embodiment of a capillary exchanger according to the invention in which the capillaries are arranged to meet this requirement illustrates a preferred feature of the invention.
  • the spacers 14 can, for example, remain or be removed after the production of the layers of hardened cast material 18. This can be removed by pulling out the spacers or by dissolving them in a solvent.
  • Spacers can be, for instance, perforated sheets or woven material, as shown in section in FIG. 13, or combs the teeth of which have been laid across each other, as shown in FIGS. 14a and 14b (separated position) and FIG. 14 (crossed position, in which the capillaries 1 have been inserted). In some of the apertures of the spacers accord-

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  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
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US831174A 1968-06-08 1969-06-06 Dialysis apparatus with capillary exchanger Expired - Lifetime US3704223A (en)

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CH863268A CH489259A (de) 1968-06-08 1968-06-08 Verfahren zur Herstellung von kapillaren Austauschern

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US3993816A (en) * 1973-07-11 1976-11-23 Rhone-Poulenc S.A. Hollow fiber assembly for use in fluid treatment apparatus
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US4179380A (en) * 1976-12-24 1979-12-18 Sodip S.A. Hollow fibre apparatus
US4187180A (en) * 1976-10-18 1980-02-05 Nippon Zeon Co. Ltd. Hollow-fiber permeability apparatus
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WO1981002705A1 (fr) * 1980-03-24 1981-10-01 Baxter Travenol Lab Formation d'unites a membranes de diffusion avec des tubes-membranes joints par capillaire
WO1981002683A1 (fr) * 1980-03-24 1981-10-01 Baxter Travenol Lab Dispositif de diffusion par canaux tubulaires ayant des guides d'ecoulement internes
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US4349440A (en) * 1977-11-21 1982-09-14 Esmond William G Capillary tube exchange device
EP0069262A1 (fr) * 1981-07-06 1983-01-12 Akzo GmbH Dispositif, dans lequel la chaleur est transmise à travers des fibres creuses
US4414113A (en) * 1982-09-29 1983-11-08 Ecodyne Corporation Liquid purification using reverse osmosis hollow fibers
US4599178A (en) * 1984-07-16 1986-07-08 Shell Oil Company Recovery of glycerine from saline waters
US4741841A (en) * 1986-06-16 1988-05-03 Industrial Filter & Pump Mfg. Co. Method and apparatus for particle separation
US4789473A (en) * 1986-01-10 1988-12-06 Fresenius Ag Filter for obtaining plasma or plasma water
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US4933084A (en) * 1978-10-02 1990-06-12 Akzo Nv Dialysis membrane of cellulose in the shape of a hollow fiber, and process for the production thereof
US5114555A (en) * 1988-01-05 1992-05-19 Monsanto Company Continuous isoelectric separation
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US5651924A (en) * 1990-11-09 1997-07-29 Tchai Lights B.V. Method for manufacturing light panels
US5840230A (en) * 1994-06-02 1998-11-24 Geleff; Svend Andreas Process for preparing hollow fibre sections for hollow fibre modules and said hollow fibre section for a hollow fibre module
US20030173706A1 (en) * 2000-05-05 2003-09-18 Hamid Rabie Gel potting method and method to reduce twinning for filtering hollow fibre membranes
US20040035780A1 (en) * 1995-08-11 2004-02-26 Mailvaganam Mahendran Apparatus for withdrawing permeate using an immersed vertical skein of hollow fibre membranes
US20040182771A1 (en) * 1995-08-11 2004-09-23 Mailvaganam Mahendran Method of potting hollow fiber membranes
US20040238432A1 (en) * 1995-08-11 2004-12-02 Mailvaganam Mahendran Membrane filtration module with adjustable header spacing
US20050006308A1 (en) * 1995-08-11 2005-01-13 Cote Pierre Lucien Inverted cavity aerator for membrane module
US20060175243A1 (en) * 1995-08-11 2006-08-10 Mailvaganam Mahendran Membrane filtration module with adjustable header spacing
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USRE39294E1 (en) 1995-08-11 2006-09-19 Zenon Environmental Inc. Vertical skein of hollow fiber membranes and method of maintaining clean fiber surfaces while filtering a substrate to withdraw a permeate
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3730959A (en) * 1971-07-08 1973-05-01 Us Interior Fabrication of high pressure seals for water equilibrated fiber bundles
US4075091A (en) * 1972-06-28 1978-02-21 National Research Development Corporation Method for effecting heat or mass transfer
US3989626A (en) * 1973-05-29 1976-11-02 Bentley Laboratories, Inc. Membrane transfer process and apparatus
US3993816A (en) * 1973-07-11 1976-11-23 Rhone-Poulenc S.A. Hollow fiber assembly for use in fluid treatment apparatus
FR2265432A1 (fr) * 1974-04-01 1975-10-24 Sandoz Sa
US4231878A (en) * 1975-07-16 1980-11-04 Esmond William G Capillary mass transfer device
US4187180A (en) * 1976-10-18 1980-02-05 Nippon Zeon Co. Ltd. Hollow-fiber permeability apparatus
US4179380A (en) * 1976-12-24 1979-12-18 Sodip S.A. Hollow fibre apparatus
US4231879A (en) * 1977-10-17 1980-11-04 Gambro Dialysatoren Gmbh & Co. Kg Apparatus for selective separation of matter through semi-permeable membranes
US4349440A (en) * 1977-11-21 1982-09-14 Esmond William G Capillary tube exchange device
US4220535A (en) * 1978-08-04 1980-09-02 Monsanto Company Multi-zoned hollow fiber permeator
US4933084A (en) * 1978-10-02 1990-06-12 Akzo Nv Dialysis membrane of cellulose in the shape of a hollow fiber, and process for the production thereof
US4288494A (en) * 1979-03-12 1981-09-08 Extracorporeal Medical Specialites, Inc. Non-uniform cross-sectional area hollow fibers
US4291096A (en) * 1979-03-12 1981-09-22 Extracorporeal Medical Specialties, Inc. Non-uniform cross-sectional area hollow fibers
US4341631A (en) * 1979-09-07 1982-07-27 Union Carbide Corporation Ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis device comprising plural carbon tubes bonded together
US4252765A (en) * 1980-01-16 1981-02-24 Brumfield Robert C Method for fabricating wound hollow fiber dialysis cartridges
US4346006A (en) * 1980-03-24 1982-08-24 Baxter Travenol Laboratories, Inc. Diffusion membrane units with adhered semipermeable capillaries
WO1981002683A1 (fr) * 1980-03-24 1981-10-01 Baxter Travenol Lab Dispositif de diffusion par canaux tubulaires ayant des guides d'ecoulement internes
WO1981002705A1 (fr) * 1980-03-24 1981-10-01 Baxter Travenol Lab Formation d'unites a membranes de diffusion avec des tubes-membranes joints par capillaire
EP0069262A1 (fr) * 1981-07-06 1983-01-12 Akzo GmbH Dispositif, dans lequel la chaleur est transmise à travers des fibres creuses
US4414113A (en) * 1982-09-29 1983-11-08 Ecodyne Corporation Liquid purification using reverse osmosis hollow fibers
US4599178A (en) * 1984-07-16 1986-07-08 Shell Oil Company Recovery of glycerine from saline waters
US4915832A (en) * 1986-01-10 1990-04-10 Fresenius, Ag Filter for obtaining plasma or plasma water
US4789473A (en) * 1986-01-10 1988-12-06 Fresenius Ag Filter for obtaining plasma or plasma water
US4741841A (en) * 1986-06-16 1988-05-03 Industrial Filter & Pump Mfg. Co. Method and apparatus for particle separation
US5114555A (en) * 1988-01-05 1992-05-19 Monsanto Company Continuous isoelectric separation
EP0369418A2 (fr) * 1988-11-17 1990-05-23 Luke Manohar Dr. Namala Appareil d'hémofiltration
EP0369418A3 (fr) * 1988-11-17 1990-11-07 Luke Manohar Dr. Namala Appareil d'hémofiltration
US5651924A (en) * 1990-11-09 1997-07-29 Tchai Lights B.V. Method for manufacturing light panels
US5565166A (en) * 1994-04-13 1996-10-15 Witzko; Richard Tube unit and process for its fabrication
US6010560A (en) * 1994-04-13 2000-01-04 Witzko; Richard Tube unit and process for its fabrication
US5840230A (en) * 1994-06-02 1998-11-24 Geleff; Svend Andreas Process for preparing hollow fibre sections for hollow fibre modules and said hollow fibre section for a hollow fibre module
US20040182771A1 (en) * 1995-08-11 2004-09-23 Mailvaganam Mahendran Method of potting hollow fiber membranes
US7537701B2 (en) 1995-08-11 2009-05-26 Zenon Technology Partnership Membrane filtration module with adjustable header spacing
EP1213048B2 (fr) † 1995-08-11 2015-11-11 Zenon Technology Partnership Procédé pour l'enrobage de membranes à fibres creuses
US20040238432A1 (en) * 1995-08-11 2004-12-02 Mailvaganam Mahendran Membrane filtration module with adjustable header spacing
US20050006308A1 (en) * 1995-08-11 2005-01-13 Cote Pierre Lucien Inverted cavity aerator for membrane module
US20050092674A1 (en) * 1995-08-11 2005-05-05 Mailvaganam Mahendran Apparatus for withdrawing permeate using an immersed vertical skein of hollow fibre membranes
US20050161384A1 (en) * 1995-08-11 2005-07-28 Mailvaganam Mahendran Apparatus for withdrawing permeate using an immersed vertical skein of hollow fibre membranes
US20050178728A1 (en) * 1995-08-11 2005-08-18 Henry Behmann Apparatus for withdrawing permeate using an immersed vertical skein of hollow fibre membranes
US20050184002A1 (en) * 1995-08-11 2005-08-25 Pedersen Steven K. Method of potting hollow fiber membranes
US7022231B2 (en) 1995-08-11 2006-04-04 Zenon Environmental Inc. Apparatus incorporating potted hollow fiber membranes
US7063788B2 (en) 1995-08-11 2006-06-20 Zenon Environmental Inc. Apparatus for withdrawing permeate using an immersed vertical skein of hollow fibre membranes
US7087173B2 (en) 1995-08-11 2006-08-08 Zenon Environmental Inc. Inverted cavity aerator for membrane module
US20060175243A1 (en) * 1995-08-11 2006-08-10 Mailvaganam Mahendran Membrane filtration module with adjustable header spacing
US8852438B2 (en) * 1995-08-11 2014-10-07 Zenon Technology Partnership Membrane filtration module with adjustable header spacing
USRE39294E1 (en) 1995-08-11 2006-09-19 Zenon Environmental Inc. Vertical skein of hollow fiber membranes and method of maintaining clean fiber surfaces while filtering a substrate to withdraw a permeate
US20070007206A1 (en) * 1995-08-11 2007-01-11 Henry Behmann Apparatus for withdrawing permeate using an immersed vertical skein of hollow fibre membranes
US8075776B2 (en) 1995-08-11 2011-12-13 Zenon Technology Partnership Apparatus for withdrawing permeate using an immersed vertical skein of hollow fibre membranes
US20080093299A1 (en) * 1995-08-11 2008-04-24 Mailvaganam Mahendran Membrane filtration module with adjustable header spacing
US7534353B2 (en) 1995-08-11 2009-05-19 Zenon Technology Partnership Apparatus for withdrawing permeate using an immersed vertical skein of hollow fibre membranes
US20040035780A1 (en) * 1995-08-11 2004-02-26 Mailvaganam Mahendran Apparatus for withdrawing permeate using an immersed vertical skein of hollow fibre membranes
US7615157B2 (en) 1995-08-11 2009-11-10 Zenon Technology Partnership Apparatus for withdrawing permeate using an immersed vertical skein of hollow fibre membranes
USRE42669E1 (en) 1995-08-11 2011-09-06 Zenon Technology Partnership Vertical cylindrical skein of hollow fiber membranes and method of maintaining clean fiber surfaces
US7708888B2 (en) 1995-08-11 2010-05-04 Zenon Technology Partnership Apparatus for withdrawing permeate using an immersed vertical skein of hollow fibre membranes
US20100326897A1 (en) * 1995-08-11 2010-12-30 Mailvaganam Mahendran Membrane filtration module with adjustable header spacing
US20030173706A1 (en) * 2000-05-05 2003-09-18 Hamid Rabie Gel potting method and method to reduce twinning for filtering hollow fibre membranes
DE102005008900B4 (de) * 2005-02-26 2008-02-14 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Verfahren zur Herstellung gasdichter und temperaturbelastbarer Module mit keramischen Hohlfaser- oder Kapillarmembranen
DE102005008900A1 (de) * 2005-02-26 2006-09-07 Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft zur Förderung der angewandten Forschung e.V. Verfahren zur Herstellung gasdichter und temperaturbelastbarer Module mit keramischen Hohlfaser- oder Kapillarmembranen
US7874998B2 (en) 2005-11-04 2011-01-25 The Regents Of The University Of Michigan Filtration devices and related methods thereof
WO2010037868A1 (fr) * 2008-10-03 2010-04-08 Vlaamse Instelling Voor Technologisch Onderzoek (Vito) Module de filtration à membrane capillaire
DE102009038814A1 (de) * 2009-08-31 2011-03-10 Uhde Gmbh Verfahren zur Pottung keramischer Kapillarmembranen
EP2477709A4 (fr) * 2009-09-14 2013-06-05 Univ Columbia Procédés, dispositifs et systèmes de canaux de filtration d'un fluide sanguin
EP2477709A1 (fr) * 2009-09-14 2012-07-25 The Trustees of Columbia University in the City of New York Procédés, dispositifs et systèmes de canaux de filtration d'un fluide sanguin
US8696780B2 (en) * 2009-11-12 2014-04-15 Nonomatic AG Air cleaner for removing air pollutants from an air stream
US20110136567A1 (en) * 2009-11-12 2011-06-09 Novomatic Ag Air Cleaner for Removing Air Pollutants from an Air Stream
US9566504B2 (en) 2009-11-12 2017-02-14 Novomatic Ag Air cleaner for removing air pollutants from an air stream
US9427699B2 (en) 2013-10-21 2016-08-30 Mann+Hummel Gmbh Hollow fiber module of a device for separating fluids and method for producing same
US20150174533A1 (en) * 2013-12-20 2015-06-25 L'air Liquide, Societe Anonyme Pour L'etude Et Exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Woven membrane module with controlled tubesheet epoxy wicking
US9283524B2 (en) * 2013-12-20 2016-03-15 L'Air Liquide Société Anonyme Pour L'Étude Et L'Exploitation Des Procedes Georges Claude Woven membrane module with controlled tubesheet epoxy wicking

Also Published As

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AT302252B (de) 1972-09-15
GB1278504A (en) 1972-06-21
BE734206A (fr) 1969-12-08
CA941119A (en) 1974-02-05
NL7315402A (fr) 1974-04-25
DE1929117A1 (de) 1971-02-11
NL6908677A (fr) 1969-12-10
SE355749B (fr) 1973-05-07
CH489259A (de) 1970-04-30
FR2013332A1 (fr) 1970-04-03
US3697635A (en) 1972-10-10

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