US3703922A - Process for the manufacture of nodular cast iron - Google Patents

Process for the manufacture of nodular cast iron Download PDF

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Publication number
US3703922A
US3703922A US842204A US84220469A US3703922A US 3703922 A US3703922 A US 3703922A US 842204 A US842204 A US 842204A US 84220469 A US84220469 A US 84220469A US 3703922 A US3703922 A US 3703922A
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Prior art keywords
mold
cast iron
casting
iron
castings
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Expired - Lifetime
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US842204A
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English (en)
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Clifford M Dunks
James L Mccanlay
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Materials and Methods Ltd
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Materials and Methods Ltd
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C1/00—Refining of pig-iron; Cast iron
    • C21C1/10—Making spheroidal graphite cast-iron

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a casting process for the production of castings of nodular cast iron. Molten flake iron is poured into the casting mould by way of an intermediate cavity which contains the nodularising agent.
  • a further problem is that most of these alkali metals or rare earth metals such as cerium, didynium, lithium, magnesium and strontium are also carbide stabilizers, hence there is also the inherent problem of over-treatment, the production of hard and brittle castings, and loss of machinability and ductility.
  • a pre-formed chamber which may be described as the intermediate chamber to contain the nodularizing alloy.
  • This intermediate chamber maybe located in any suitable position relative to the pouring bush, downsprue, gating and risering system, or the casting mold itself, in such a manner that the incoming molten metal comes into contact with the nodularizer and the reaction commences uniformly. The reaction then continues progressively until the mold is completely filled.
  • the present invention provides a process for the production of nodular or spheroidal graphite cast iron castings in which untreated molten grey cast iron is introduced into the mold by way of one or more 2 intermediate chambers containing a nodularizing agent in an amount sufficient to convert the graphite to nodular or spheroidal form.
  • the invention also provides a mold for use in the process of the inventionwhich comprises a pouring bush, downsprue, gating and risering systems and a casting mold cavity wherein there is provided one or more intemiediate chambers associated with the mold and arranged in the path of the molten metal entering the mold, which chamber or chambers is adapted to receive a nodularizing agent.
  • an intermediate chamber canbe associatedwith any or all of the systems feeding the molten metal to the casting mold, for example an intermediate chamber can be associated with each runner bar.
  • a further advantage of the invention is that it is possible to control precisely the amount of nodularizer that is required for a given weight of metal to convert the graphite from flake to nodularform. This then eliminates the previous dangers due to dross inclusions and over-treatment.
  • any of the well known nodularizing reagents or mixtures may be used; there is a complete absence of turbulence, fume, or pyrotechnics and sound and dense castings are assured.
  • the nodularzing reagents may be employed in lump form, as crushed aggregate, in powderform, or as extruded or compacted/bonded shapes.
  • the size and shape of the nodularizer particles and the quantity required will, as can readily be understood by one skilled in the art, depend upon a number of parameters including the size and shape of the chamber, rate of flow of molten metal through the chamber, ferrostatic pressure, metal temperature and composition, weight and type of casting, and method of manufacture.
  • FIG. 1 is a plan view of the face of a mold for a sliding block with the cover of the mold removed
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view of that part of the mold shown in FIG. 1 containing the downsprue, intermediate chamber and dam and outlet to the riser taken generally in the direction of the arrow II;
  • FIG. 3 is a plan view of FIG. 2.
  • the mold as illustrated is for the casting of a sliding block.
  • the actual casting mold for the block is shown as l.
  • Molten metal enters thecasting mold by way of a pouring bush, not shown, downsprue 2, intermediate chamber 3, riser 4 and riser neck 5.
  • Nodularizing agent in an amount calculated on the basis of the parameters referred to above is placed in the intermediate chamberwhich is provided with a'dam 6 to regulate flow and to ensure sufficient residence time of the metal in the intermediate chamber.
  • the mold box is represented by reference '7 As molten. iron passes into the casting mold 1 it contacts the nodularizing additive in the intermediate chamber 3 and the graphite in the iron is converted into nodular or spheroidal form.
  • nodularizer reagent in this case the alloy constituted 55 percent silicon, 4 percent magnesium, and the balance of iron was calculated based on 0.35 per cent of the combined weight of the casting, the runner bar, ingate, and the feeder riser the total weight being 85 lbs. i.e. 4.76 ozs. of nodularizing reagent was used, in this instance in the form of )6 inch X /4 inch lumps.
  • the molds were thenpoured in sequence, taking l2 minutes to dispose of all themetal. There was no turbulence during pouring, in fact no evidence of fume or flame was observed.
  • EXAMPLE 2 In another treatment series, a ladle of untreated grey cast iron, of 14 tons per square inch tensile, was used to pour a series of diesel engine crankshafts.
  • the intermediate chamber was constructed separately in the form of a core assembly and was located outside the mold proper.
  • the intennediate chamber was enclosed except for the metal inlet point with apouring bush placed over this, and the exitwas located directly over the downsprue of the mold. This method was proved useful where there is insufficient space within the molding box to provide for a suitable intemiediate chamber'or where large castings are to be poured or where complex castings and gating and risering systems are involved.
  • the casting was poured and the visual observations were exactly as in the preceding Examples. After cooling and examination, the casting was sound in every respect with the graphite converted to the fully nodular form.
  • the casting was a cooling segment, and its properties after processing were:
  • a process for the production of spheroidal graphite cast iron castings in which molten cast iron of such composition that it would be a gray cast iron with the graphite in flake form if cast under normal foundry conditions, for example in a sand mold, is introduced into a mold by way of a mold inlet and travels to a mold cavity by way of a gating system which gating system includes at least one intermediate chamber, a nodularizing agent being present in said at least one intermediate chamber in an amount sufficient to convert the graphite to spheroidal form, said molten cast iron contacting said nodularizing agent in said at least one intermediate chamber as it travels from said mold inlet to said mold cavity.
  • intennediate chamber is fluidly connected to a part of the gating system selected from the group of mold parts in the mold consisting of the pouring bush, sprue, runner bar, spinner, ingate and feeding riser.
  • nodularizing agent is selected from the group of materials consisting of magnesium, lithium, barium, cerium, didynium, lanthanum and yttrium.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
US842204A 1968-07-17 1969-07-16 Process for the manufacture of nodular cast iron Expired - Lifetime US3703922A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB33970/68A GB1278265A (en) 1968-07-17 1968-07-17 Improved process for the manufacture of nodular cast iron

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3703922A true US3703922A (en) 1972-11-28

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US842204A Expired - Lifetime US3703922A (en) 1968-07-17 1969-07-16 Process for the manufacture of nodular cast iron

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US (1) US3703922A (de)
AR (1) AR203401Q (de)
AT (1) AT301060B (de)
BE (1) BE736235A (de)
BG (1) BG15588A3 (de)
CH (1) CH525052A (de)
DE (1) DE1936153B2 (de)
DK (1) DK121063B (de)
ES (1) ES369657A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2013133A1 (de)
GB (1) GB1278265A (de)
LU (1) LU59118A1 (de)
NL (1) NL163564C (de)
RO (1) RO54427A (de)
SE (1) SE353476B (de)

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3765876A (en) * 1972-11-01 1973-10-16 W Moore Method of making nodular iron castings
US3819365A (en) * 1969-03-13 1974-06-25 Materials & Methods Ltd Process for the treatment of molten metals
US3870512A (en) * 1973-03-05 1975-03-11 Deere & Co Method of producing spheroidal graphite cast iron
US3916979A (en) * 1972-05-10 1975-11-04 Pont A Mousson Method for obtaining spheroidal graphite castings
US3961663A (en) * 1973-05-28 1976-06-08 Pont-A-Mousson S.A. Process of employing a substance in pellet form for nodularizing graphite in liquid cast iron
US4004630A (en) * 1974-04-29 1977-01-25 Materials And Methods Limited Process for the manufacture of cast iron
US4037643A (en) * 1975-08-22 1977-07-26 Ford Motor Company Nodularizing treatment employing unitized modifying agent
US4134757A (en) * 1977-02-23 1979-01-16 Materials & Methods Limited Method of treating molten metal
US4238231A (en) * 1978-05-30 1980-12-09 Materials And Methods Limited Apparatus for treatment of molten metal
EP0067500A1 (de) * 1981-03-30 1982-12-22 General Motors Corporation Giessverfahren für Eisen mit kompakter Graphitausscheidung durch Impfung in der Form
US4385030A (en) * 1982-04-21 1983-05-24 Foote Mineral Company Magnesium ferrosilicon alloy and use thereof in manufacture of modular cast iron
US4638846A (en) * 1980-07-01 1987-01-27 Ford Motor Company Method of making thin-walled ductile iron castings
US4791976A (en) * 1987-05-11 1988-12-20 United States Pipe And Foundry Company Method of making dual graphite structured pipe
US4806157A (en) * 1983-06-23 1989-02-21 Subramanian Sundaresa V Process for producing compacted graphite iron castings
US4832084A (en) * 1987-05-11 1989-05-23 United States Pipe And Foundry Company Dual graphite structured pipe
US4977946A (en) * 1990-05-25 1990-12-18 General Motors Corporation Differential pressure, countergravity casting of individual charges of melt from a casting basin
US4989662A (en) * 1990-02-27 1991-02-05 General Motors Corporation Differential pressure, countergravity casting of a melt with a fugative alloyant
US5038846A (en) * 1990-02-27 1991-08-13 General Motors Corporation Differential pressure, countergravity casting with alloyant reaction chamber
US5249619A (en) * 1991-10-30 1993-10-05 Mack Trucks, Inc. Brake element and a preparation process therefor
US5390723A (en) * 1992-03-09 1995-02-21 Mohla; Prem P. Method of treating casting metals
US5887646A (en) * 1997-01-16 1999-03-30 Ford Global Technologies, Inc. Modular sand mold system for metal treatment and casting
CN100464900C (zh) * 2007-08-17 2009-03-04 通州市四安球墨铸铁有限公司 球墨铸铁件平稳充型方法
WO2014198662A1 (fr) 2013-06-10 2014-12-18 Toumi Mourad Procédé et dispositif de traitement d'un métal ou d'un alliage métallique en fusion par une substance additive

Families Citing this family (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1278265A (en) * 1968-07-17 1972-06-21 Materials & Methods Ltd Improved process for the manufacture of nodular cast iron
US3991810A (en) * 1974-07-15 1976-11-16 Caterpillar Tractor Co. Method and apparatus for introducing additives into a casting mold
CA1070474A (en) * 1975-08-22 1980-01-29 Prem P. Mohla Nodularizing catalyst for cast iron and method of making same
JPS5550965A (en) * 1978-10-09 1980-04-14 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Production of spherical graphite castings
DE2925822C2 (de) * 1979-06-27 1984-03-08 Heinz-Ulrich Prof. Dr.-Ing. 6360 Friedberg Doliwa Verfahren zur Herstellung von Gußstücken aus Eisen-Kohlenstoff-Schmelzen mit Kugel- oder Kompaktgraphit und Kern zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
DE2926020A1 (de) * 1979-06-28 1981-01-08 Buderus Ag Verfahren zur herstellung eines gusseisens mit vermicular-grafit und verwendung des gusseisens
EP0032282B1 (de) * 1980-01-15 1985-07-24 Materials and Methods Limited Verfahren zur Herstellung von Gusseisen mit Vermicular-Graphit und nach diesem Verfahren hergestelltes Gusseisen
DK88882A (da) * 1982-03-01 1983-09-03 Dansk Ind Syndikat Anlaeg til fremstilling af stoebegods i en trinvis fremfoert stoebeform bestaaende af ens, kasseloese formparter
CH668722A5 (de) * 1985-03-05 1989-01-31 Fischer Ag Georg Verfahren und vorrichtung zur herstellung von gussstuecken aus gusseisen mit kugel- oder vermiculargraphit in einer giessform.
DE3726272A1 (de) * 1987-08-07 1989-02-16 Metallgesellschaft Ag Verfahren zum impfen von gusseisen
GB8814124D0 (en) * 1988-06-14 1988-07-20 Foseco Int Production of nodular/compacted graphite iron castings
GB9000899D0 (en) * 1990-01-16 1990-03-14 Int Meehanite Metal Co The Ltd Nodularlising method
DE10041717C2 (de) * 2000-08-25 2002-10-31 Deutsch Zentr Luft & Raumfahrt Trägerkörper
CN116422845B (zh) * 2023-04-28 2023-09-19 临沂玫德庚辰金属材料有限公司 一种风电铸件用球墨铸铁的生产装置及工艺

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1596888A (en) * 1922-11-07 1926-08-24 Pacz Aladar Process and composition of matter for increasing the fluidity of molten metal
US2439450A (en) * 1943-04-14 1948-04-13 Campbell Phillip Casting apparatus compensating for shrinkage of the cast material
GB743121A (en) * 1950-10-09 1956-01-11 Ford Motor Co Treating nodular iron
US3367395A (en) * 1965-05-12 1968-02-06 Quebec Iron & Titanium Corp Method and apparatus for treating molten metals
GB1132056A (en) * 1965-11-17 1968-10-30 Metallgesellschaft Ag A method of inoculating cast iron
GB1132055A (en) * 1965-01-22 1968-10-30 Metallgesellschaft Ag Method for the inoculation of cast iron
US3514285A (en) * 1963-10-15 1970-05-26 Tno Method for feeding additive materials into a stream of molten metals
DE1901366A1 (de) * 1969-01-11 1970-08-06 Daimler Benz Ag Einrichtung zum Impfen,Legieren od.dgl. von Metallguss
DE1936153A1 (de) * 1968-07-17 1970-08-20 Materials & Methods Ltd Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Gusseisen mit knoetchen- oder kugelfoermigem Graphit

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GB786229A (en) * 1954-08-31 1957-11-13 Friedrich Nielsen Method of introducing additives into molten metals
DE1172806B (de) * 1962-02-10 1964-06-25 Gruenzweig & Hartmann Verfahren zum Giessen von Metallen
FR91024E (fr) * 1965-11-17 1968-03-29 Metallgesellschaft Ag Procédé d'inoculation de la fonte
FR1486068A (fr) * 1966-07-06 1967-06-23 Foseco Trading Ag Perfectionnement à l'élaboration de la fonte de moulage

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1596888A (en) * 1922-11-07 1926-08-24 Pacz Aladar Process and composition of matter for increasing the fluidity of molten metal
US2439450A (en) * 1943-04-14 1948-04-13 Campbell Phillip Casting apparatus compensating for shrinkage of the cast material
GB743121A (en) * 1950-10-09 1956-01-11 Ford Motor Co Treating nodular iron
US3514285A (en) * 1963-10-15 1970-05-26 Tno Method for feeding additive materials into a stream of molten metals
GB1132055A (en) * 1965-01-22 1968-10-30 Metallgesellschaft Ag Method for the inoculation of cast iron
US3367395A (en) * 1965-05-12 1968-02-06 Quebec Iron & Titanium Corp Method and apparatus for treating molten metals
GB1132056A (en) * 1965-11-17 1968-10-30 Metallgesellschaft Ag A method of inoculating cast iron
DE1936153A1 (de) * 1968-07-17 1970-08-20 Materials & Methods Ltd Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von Gusseisen mit knoetchen- oder kugelfoermigem Graphit
DE1901366A1 (de) * 1969-01-11 1970-08-06 Daimler Benz Ag Einrichtung zum Impfen,Legieren od.dgl. von Metallguss

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Chill Elimination in Ductile Iron by Mold Inoculation, by Dell, W. J., and Christ, R. J., Modern Casting, July 1964, pp. 408 416. *

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3819365A (en) * 1969-03-13 1974-06-25 Materials & Methods Ltd Process for the treatment of molten metals
US3916979A (en) * 1972-05-10 1975-11-04 Pont A Mousson Method for obtaining spheroidal graphite castings
US3765876A (en) * 1972-11-01 1973-10-16 W Moore Method of making nodular iron castings
US3870512A (en) * 1973-03-05 1975-03-11 Deere & Co Method of producing spheroidal graphite cast iron
US3961663A (en) * 1973-05-28 1976-06-08 Pont-A-Mousson S.A. Process of employing a substance in pellet form for nodularizing graphite in liquid cast iron
US4004630A (en) * 1974-04-29 1977-01-25 Materials And Methods Limited Process for the manufacture of cast iron
US4037643A (en) * 1975-08-22 1977-07-26 Ford Motor Company Nodularizing treatment employing unitized modifying agent
US4134757A (en) * 1977-02-23 1979-01-16 Materials & Methods Limited Method of treating molten metal
US4238231A (en) * 1978-05-30 1980-12-09 Materials And Methods Limited Apparatus for treatment of molten metal
US4638846A (en) * 1980-07-01 1987-01-27 Ford Motor Company Method of making thin-walled ductile iron castings
EP0067500A1 (de) * 1981-03-30 1982-12-22 General Motors Corporation Giessverfahren für Eisen mit kompakter Graphitausscheidung durch Impfung in der Form
WO1983003848A1 (en) * 1982-04-21 1983-11-10 Foote Mineral Company Magnesium ferrosilicon alloy and use thereof in manufacture of nodular cast iron
US4385030A (en) * 1982-04-21 1983-05-24 Foote Mineral Company Magnesium ferrosilicon alloy and use thereof in manufacture of modular cast iron
US4806157A (en) * 1983-06-23 1989-02-21 Subramanian Sundaresa V Process for producing compacted graphite iron castings
US4791976A (en) * 1987-05-11 1988-12-20 United States Pipe And Foundry Company Method of making dual graphite structured pipe
US4832084A (en) * 1987-05-11 1989-05-23 United States Pipe And Foundry Company Dual graphite structured pipe
US5038846A (en) * 1990-02-27 1991-08-13 General Motors Corporation Differential pressure, countergravity casting with alloyant reaction chamber
US4989662A (en) * 1990-02-27 1991-02-05 General Motors Corporation Differential pressure, countergravity casting of a melt with a fugative alloyant
US4977946A (en) * 1990-05-25 1990-12-18 General Motors Corporation Differential pressure, countergravity casting of individual charges of melt from a casting basin
US5249619A (en) * 1991-10-30 1993-10-05 Mack Trucks, Inc. Brake element and a preparation process therefor
US5390723A (en) * 1992-03-09 1995-02-21 Mohla; Prem P. Method of treating casting metals
US5887646A (en) * 1997-01-16 1999-03-30 Ford Global Technologies, Inc. Modular sand mold system for metal treatment and casting
CN100464900C (zh) * 2007-08-17 2009-03-04 通州市四安球墨铸铁有限公司 球墨铸铁件平稳充型方法
WO2014198662A1 (fr) 2013-06-10 2014-12-18 Toumi Mourad Procédé et dispositif de traitement d'un métal ou d'un alliage métallique en fusion par une substance additive

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CH525052A (de) 1972-07-15
NL163564C (nl) 1980-09-15
AR203401Q (es) 1975-09-08
AT301060B (de) 1972-08-25
BE736235A (de) 1969-12-31
FR2013133A1 (de) 1970-03-27
BG15588A3 (bg) 1972-05-20
DK121063B (da) 1971-08-30
NL6910959A (de) 1970-01-20
NL163564B (nl) 1980-04-15
DE1936153B2 (de) 1977-01-13
SE353476B (de) 1973-02-05
DE1936153A1 (de) 1970-08-20
ES369657A1 (es) 1971-06-16
RO54427A (de) 1973-02-17
GB1278265A (en) 1972-06-21
LU59118A1 (de) 1969-11-25

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