US3700570A - Zinc acid bath electroplating - Google Patents
Zinc acid bath electroplating Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3700570A US3700570A US77321A US3700570DA US3700570A US 3700570 A US3700570 A US 3700570A US 77321 A US77321 A US 77321A US 3700570D A US3700570D A US 3700570DA US 3700570 A US3700570 A US 3700570A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- zinc
- liter
- carbon atoms
- optionally
- bath
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title abstract description 34
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 title abstract description 33
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 title abstract description 33
- 238000009713 electroplating Methods 0.000 title abstract description 16
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 title abstract description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 11
- UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiourea Chemical class NC(N)=S UMGDCJDMYOKAJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 abstract description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 abstract description 6
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 3
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical group [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 1
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 description 17
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc dichloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Zn+2] JIAARYAFYJHUJI-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 10
- -1 aliphatic alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia chloride Chemical compound [NH4+].[Cl-] NLXLAEXVIDQMFP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 8
- 150000003751 zinc Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 7
- NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc sulfate Chemical compound [Zn+2].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O NWONKYPBYAMBJT-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 7
- 229960001763 zinc sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 7
- 229910000368 zinc sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 125000002768 hydroxyalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 150000003585 thioureas Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 235000005074 zinc chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 239000011592 zinc chloride Substances 0.000 description 5
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Natural products NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000019270 ammonium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N (R)-(-)-Propylene glycol Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-GSVOUGTGSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanide Chemical compound N#[C-] XFXPMWWXUTWYJX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GMEHFXXZSWDEDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-ethylthiourea Chemical compound CCNC(N)=S GMEHFXXZSWDEDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium acetate Chemical compound [Na+].CC([O-])=O VMHLLURERBWHNL-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H aluminium sulfate (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Al+3].[Al+3].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O DIZPMCHEQGEION-UHFFFAOYSA-H 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 2
- SMVRDGHCVNAOIN-UHFFFAOYSA-L disodium;1-dodecoxydodecane;sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O.CCCCCCCCCCCCOCCCCCCCCCCCC SMVRDGHCVNAOIN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001632 sodium acetate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000017281 sodium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000000472 sulfonyl group Chemical group *S(*)(=O)=O 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DTGKSKDOIYIVQL-WEDXCCLWSA-N (+)-borneol Chemical group C1C[C@@]2(C)[C@@H](O)C[C@@H]1C2(C)C DTGKSKDOIYIVQL-WEDXCCLWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000094 2-phenylethyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- QDTDKYHPHANITQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7-methyloctan-1-ol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCCO QDTDKYHPHANITQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N C[CH]O Chemical group C[CH]O GAWIXWVDTYZWAW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004439 Isononyl alcohol Substances 0.000 description 1
- IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nonylphenol Natural products CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IGFHQQFPSIBGKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHGKYJXJYJWDAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylthiourea Chemical compound CCCNC(N)=S UHGKYJXJYJWDAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- ZOJBYZNEUISWFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N allyl isothiocyanate Chemical compound C=CCN=C=S ZOJBYZNEUISWFT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000329 aluminium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011128 aluminium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001449 anionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VQLYBLABXAHUDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(4-fluorophenyl)-methyl-(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)silane;methyl n-(1h-benzimidazol-2-yl)carbamate Chemical compound C1=CC=C2NC(NC(=O)OC)=NC2=C1.C=1C=C(F)C=CC=1[Si](C=1C=CC(F)=CC=1)(C)CN1C=NC=N1 VQLYBLABXAHUDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000000113 cyclohexyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001511 cyclopentyl group Chemical group [H]C1([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C1([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000001784 detoxification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008040 ionic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000008164 mustard oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonylphenol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCC1=CC=CC=C1O SNQQPOLDUKLAAF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/22—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of zinc
Definitions
- the zinc deposits are dull, and when one succeeds in imparting luster to the deposits, their depth dispersion still leaves much to be desired and the current density range in which lustrous deposits are obtained is within very narrow limits. Apart from this, the
- novel aqueous acid electroplatic baths of the invention contain a water-soluble zinc salt, usual lustering agents and wetting agents, optionally an additional con: ducting salt and a thiourea derivative of the formula R: (I) wherein R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl of 6 to 22 carbon atoms, a monoor polynuclear aryl which may optionally be substituted with an aliphatic or aromatic group, arylalkyl and cycloalkyl, R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and hydroxyalkyl of 2 to 6 carbon atoms which may optionally be interrupted by an ether oxygen and R is hydroxyalkyl of 2 to 6 carbon atoms which may be optionally interrupted by an ether oxygen.
- R is alkyl of 6 to 22 carbon atoms, phenyl or naphthyl which may be further substituted with alkyl of l to 10 carbon atoms such as methyl or nonyl, halogens such as chlorine or bromine, sulfonyl or phenyl, cycloalkyl of 5 to 12 carbon atoms such as cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, menthyl or bornyl and phenyl lower alkyl such as benzyl or phenethyl.
- Examples of suitable compounds of Formula I are N-hexyl-N b -hydroxyethoxy)-ethyl, N-octyl-N'- ('y-hydroxyethoxy) -propyl-, N-dodecyl-N- ('y-hydroxyethoxy -ethyl-, N-octadecyl-N'- ('y-hydroxyethoxy) -ethyl-, N-phenyl-N'- ('y-hydroxyethoxy -ethyl-, N-diphenyl-N- ('y-hydroxyethoxy) -propyl-, N-a-naphthyl-N'-('y-hydroxyethoxy)-ethyl-, N-tosyl-N- -hydroxyethoxy -propyl-, N-nonylphenyl-N 'y-hydroxyethoxy) -ethyl-, N-benzyl-N
- the thioureas of Formula I can be prepared by known methods by .reacting a mustard oil of the formula R--NCS with an amine of the formula wherein R, R and R have the above definitions or by reacting a thiourea of the formula R-NHCS-NH with a lower alkylene oxide such as ethylene oxide, propylene oxide or butylene oxide.
- the concentration of the thiourea derivatives of Formula I in the zinc electroplating baths may be between 0.01 to 10 gm. per liter, preferably between 0.1 to 5.0 gm. per liter, of bath liquid.
- the current density used for the electroplating method is between 0.5 to 8 a./dm. at a bath operating temperature of 10 to 40 C. preferably 15 to 30 C.
- the pH of the acid baths is generally in the range of 3 to 5.
- the water soluble zinc salt may be any of the usual zinc salts such as zinc chloride or zinc sulfate or mixtures thereof.
- the acid baths contain 25 to 450 gm. per liter of bath liquid of the zinc salt.
- the additional conducting salt which may be present in the bath is preferably a water soluble aluminum salt such as its chloride or sulfate. The amount of said additional conducting salt is 1 to 50 gm. per liter of bath liquid.
- Various wetting agents can be added to the acid baths in amounts of 0.5 to gm. per liter of bath liquid.
- non-ionic melting agents by the adducts of an alkylene oxide such as ethylene oxide and/ or propylene oxide and high molecular weight aliphatic alcohols or alkyl phenols such as the adducts of 2 to 100 moles of ethylene oxide and 1 mole of a straight or branched chain aliphatic alcohol of 8 to 22 carbon atoms and mixtures thereof or to alkylphenols such as nonlyphenol.
- the wetting agents are preferably anionic compounds such as fatty alcohol sulfates or fatty alcohol ether sulfates or non-ionic compounds of the polyalkylene glycol type.
- suitable additives of these types are sulfates or ether sulfates of fatty alcohols of 8 to 18 carbon atoms and polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols with a molecular weight of 200 to 600.
- Suitable lustering agents are N-phenyl-N'- ('y-hydroxyethyl) 'ethyl-thiourea, N-benzyl-N'- ('y-hydroxyethyl ethyl-thiourea, N-octyl-N- 'y-hydroxyethoxy) -propyl-thiourea, N-a-naphthyl-N- -hydroxyethoxy) ethyl-thiourea, N-cyclohexyl-N'- ('y-hydroxyethoxy) -propylthiourea, N-benzyl-N'-bis- ('y-hydroxyethyl) -thiourea.
- An aqueous zinc electroplating bath was prepared with the following composition: 110 gm./liter of crystalline zinc chloride (ZnCl -6H O), 175 gm./liter of ammonium chloride, 0.5 gm./liter of N phenyl N ('y hydroxyethyl)-ethyl-thiourea and 5 gm./liter of the adduct of 17 moles of ethylene oxide and 1 mole of isononyl alcohol.
- the bath had a pH of 4.6.
- the electroplating bath provided lustrous, ductile zinc deposits with a good covering power at an operating temperature of to 30 C. over a current density range of 2 to 5 a./dm.
- EXAMPLE II An aqueous zinc electroplating bath containing 100 gm./liter of crystalline zinc chloride (ZnCl -6H O), 50 gm./liter of crystalline aluminum chloride (AlCl 6H O) 150 gm./liter of ammonium chloride, 2 gm./liter of N benzyl N ('y hydroxyethyDethyl thiourea and 4 gm./liter of the adduct of moles of ethylene oxide and one mole of nonylphenol with a pH of 3 was operated at temperatures of 15 to 30 C. over a current density range of 0.5 to 5.0 a./dn'i. and provided bright to lustrous ductile zinc deposits with a good covering power.
- ZnCl -6H O crystalline zinc chloride
- AlCl 6H O crystalline aluminum chloride
- Ammonium chloride 150 gm./liter of ammonium chloride
- EXAMPLE III An aqueous zinc bath containing 400 g./liter of crystalline zinc sulfate (ZnSO -7H O), 15 g./liter of ammonium chloride, 30 g./liter of boric acid, 0.7 g./liter of N octyl N ('y hydroxyethoxy) propyl-thiourea and 5 g./liter of sodium salt of the C C -fatty alcohol sulfate and having a pH of 3.5 was operated at a temperature of 15 to 30 C. over a current density range of 4 0.5 to 3 a./dm. to obtain bright, ductile zinc coatings with satisfactory covering power.
- ZnSO -7H O crystalline zinc sulfate
- ammonium chloride 30 g./liter
- boric acid 0.7 g./liter of N octyl N ('y hydroxyethoxy) propyl-thiourea
- EXAMPLE IV An aqueous zinc bath containing 240 g./ liter of crystalline zinc sulfate (ZnSO -7H O), 30 g./ liter of crystalline aluminum sulfate (Al (SO -l8H O), 15 g./liter of sodium acetate, 0.2 g./ liter of Not-naphthyl-N'-('y-hydroxyethoxy)-ethyl-thiourea and 4 g./ liter of sodium salt of the C -C -fatty alcohol sulfate and having a pH of 4.0 was operated at a temperature of 15 to 30 C. over a current density range of 0.5 to 5 a./drn. to provide bright, ductile zinc coatings with excellent covering power.
- ZnSO -7H O crystalline zinc sulfate
- Al (SO -l8H O) crystalline aluminum sulfate
- 15 g./liter of sodium acetate 15 g
- EXAMPLE V An aqueous zinc bath containing 400 g./ liter of crystalline zinc sulfate (ZnSO -7H O), 1S g./liter of ammonium chloride, 30 g./liter of boric acid, 1 g./liter of N-cyclohexyl-N'-('whydroxyethoxy)-propyl-thiourea, 5 g./liter of sodium lauryl ether sulfate having a pH of 3.5 was operated at a temperature of 15 to 30 C. over a current density range of 0.5 to 5 a./dm. to obtain lustrous, ductile zinc coatings with satisfactory covering power.
- ZnSO -7H O crystalline zinc sulfate
- ammonium chloride 30 g./liter
- boric acid 1 g./liter of N-cyclohexyl-N'-('whydroxyethoxy)-propyl-thiourea
- EXAMPLE VI An aqueous zinc bath containing 240 g./ liter of crystalline zinc sulfate ZnSO -7H O, 30 g./liter of crystalline aluminium sulfate [Al (SO -l8H O], 15 g./liter of sodium acetate, 1 g./liter of 'N-benzyl-N-bis-(' -hydroxyethyl) thiourea and 5 g./liter of sodium lauryl ether sulfate having a pH of 4.0 was operated at a temperature of 15 to 30 C. over a current density range of 0.5 to 5 a./dm. to provide bright, ductile zinc coatings with satisfactory covering power.
- an acid aqueous electroplating bath for forming lustrous zinc deposits comprising a bath containing a water-soluble zinc salt, usual lustering agents and wetting agents and optionally an additional conducting salt, the improvement comprising incorporating in the bath from about 0.01 g./l. to about 10 g./l.
- R is selected from the group consisting of alkyl of 6 to 22 carbon atoms, phenyl and naphthyl optionally substituted with at least one member of the group consisting of alkyl of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, halogen, sulfonyl and phenyl, cycloalkyl of 5 to 12 carbon atoms and phenyl lower alkyl
- R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and hydroxyalkyl of 2 to 6 carbon atoms which may optionally be interrupted by an ether oxygen and R is hydroxyalkyl of 2 to 6 carbon atoms which may be optionally interrupted by an ether oxygen.
- the bath of claim 1 wherein the zinc salt is zinc chloride and the bath further contains a wetting agent selected from the group consisting of adducts of ethylene oxide with an alkyl phenol and adducts of ethylene oxide with aliphatic alcohol of 8 to 22 carbon atoms.
- the bath of claim 1 wherein the zinc salt is zinc sulfate and the bath further contains a wetting agent selected from the group consisting of fatty alcohol sulfates, fatty alcohol ether sulfates and polyalkylene glycols.
- a method of forming lustrous zinc deposits which comprises passing an electric current at a current density of 0.5 to 8.0 a/dm. through an electroplating bath of 3,203,878 8/1965 Willmund 2045 2 claim 1 operating at a temperature of 10 to C. 3,257,294 6/ 1966 Michael 204 is t'gh; method of claim 5 wherein the pH of the bath FOREIGN PATENTS 7. The method of claim 5 wherein the operating tern- 5 1,547,678 11/1968 France 204 perature is 15 to 30 1,149,106 4/1969 Great Britain 20455 R References Cited F. C. EDMUNDSON, Primary Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 10 us. CL XIR. 1,903,860 4/1933 Gockel 20455 RX 204DIG. 2
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electroplating And Plating Baths Therefor (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE1951558A DE1951558C3 (de) | 1969-10-13 | 1969-10-13 | Saures galvanisches Glanzzinkbad |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3700570A true US3700570A (en) | 1972-10-24 |
Family
ID=5748056
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US77321A Expired - Lifetime US3700570A (en) | 1969-10-13 | 1970-10-01 | Zinc acid bath electroplating |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3700570A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| JP (1) | JPS4829459B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| DE (1) | DE1951558C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| FR (1) | FR2065735B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
| GB (1) | GB1285256A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2143828A1 (en) * | 2008-07-08 | 2010-01-13 | Enthone, Inc. | Electrolyte and method for the deposition of a matt metal layer |
Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS49106675U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1972-12-29 | 1974-09-12 | ||
| JPS5195060U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1975-01-30 | 1976-07-30 | ||
| JPS52108665U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1976-02-14 | 1977-08-18 | ||
| US4076600A (en) * | 1976-12-20 | 1978-02-28 | R. O. Hull & Company, Inc. | Leveling agent for acid zinc electroplating baths and method |
| JPS53147462U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1977-04-26 | 1978-11-20 | ||
| JPS6250473U (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * | 1985-09-17 | 1987-03-28 | ||
| US5084145A (en) * | 1989-04-27 | 1992-01-28 | Sumitomo Metal Industries, Ltd. | Method for manufacturing one-sided electroplated steel sheet |
| CN113943934B (zh) * | 2021-10-26 | 2023-10-20 | 海宁市科泰克金属表面技术有限公司 | 电器元件的锡、镍镀层保护剂 |
Family Cites Families (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE1155432B (de) * | 1960-02-27 | 1963-10-10 | Dehydag Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Thioharnstoffabkoemmlingen |
-
1969
- 1969-10-13 DE DE1951558A patent/DE1951558C3/de not_active Expired
-
1970
- 1970-10-01 US US77321A patent/US3700570A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1970-10-09 GB GB48044/70A patent/GB1285256A/en not_active Expired
- 1970-10-12 FR FR7036781A patent/FR2065735B1/fr not_active Expired
- 1970-10-12 JP JP45088881A patent/JPS4829459B1/ja active Pending
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2143828A1 (en) * | 2008-07-08 | 2010-01-13 | Enthone, Inc. | Electrolyte and method for the deposition of a matt metal layer |
| WO2010006045A1 (en) * | 2008-07-08 | 2010-01-14 | Enthone Inc. | Electrolyte and method for deposition of matte metal layer |
| US20110233065A1 (en) * | 2008-07-08 | 2011-09-29 | Enthone Inc. | Electrolyte and method for deposition of matte metal layer |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE1951558C3 (de) | 1978-06-15 |
| GB1285256A (en) | 1972-08-16 |
| DE1951558B2 (de) | 1977-10-20 |
| DE1951558A1 (de) | 1971-04-22 |
| JPS4829459B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1973-09-10 |
| FR2065735A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1971-08-06 |
| FR2065735B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) | 1973-10-19 |
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