US3697429A - Lubricant containing low ethylene content and high ethylene content ethylene-alpha-olefin copolymers - Google Patents

Lubricant containing low ethylene content and high ethylene content ethylene-alpha-olefin copolymers Download PDF

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US3697429A
US3697429A US42869A US3697429DA US3697429A US 3697429 A US3697429 A US 3697429A US 42869 A US42869 A US 42869A US 3697429D A US3697429D A US 3697429DA US 3697429 A US3697429 A US 3697429A
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ethylene
percent
copolymer
propylene
mole percent
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US42869A
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Lawrence J Engel
Marvin F Smith
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ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Co
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Exxon Research and Engineering Co
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    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M157/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more macromolecular compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M143/00 - C10M155/00, each of these compounds being essential
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08L23/16—Elastomeric ethene-propene or ethene-propene-diene copolymers, e.g. EPR and EPDM rubbers
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    • C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
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    • C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
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    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/08—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals
    • C10M2219/082—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
    • C10M2219/087—Thiols; Sulfides; Polysulfides; Mercaptals containing sulfur atoms bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Derivatives thereof, e.g. sulfurised phenols
    • C10M2219/089—Overbased salts
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/042—Metal salts thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
    • C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
    • C10M2223/045—Metal containing thio derivatives
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2223/12—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions obtained by phosphorisation of organic compounds, e.g. with PxSy, PxSyHal or PxOy
    • C10M2223/121—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions obtained by phosphorisation of organic compounds, e.g. with PxSy, PxSyHal or PxOy of alcohols or phenols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/04—Groups 2 or 12
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2010/00—Metal present as such or in compounds
    • C10N2010/06—Groups 3 or 13
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
    • C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2070/00—Specific manufacturing methods for lubricant compositions
    • C10N2070/02—Concentrating of additives

Definitions

  • a lubricating oil composition comprising a lubricating oil and a viscosity index improving amount of an oilsoluble polymer composition comprising a first copolymer of ethylene and a C to C higher alpha-olefin having an ethylene content of 50-95 mole percent (40-83 wt. percent), and a second copolymer of ethylene and a C to C higher alpha-olefin having an ethylene content of 5-80 mole percent (3-70 wt. percent), the ethylene content of the first copolymer being at least 5 mole percent (4 wt. percent) more than the ethylene content of the second polymer.
  • This invention relates to novel lubricant additives and the preparation thereof. More particularly, it relates to improvement in the viscosity index of lubricating oils by addition thereto of certain polymers.
  • lubricating oils may be evaluated by many criteria each of which relates to the proposed use of the oil.
  • One of the more important of these criteria is the viscosity index which may be determined in standard manner by ASTM Test D567-53.
  • the viscosity index (VI) may be calculated; and, as is well known, a low VI signifies a large change in viscosity with change in temperature, while a high VI signifies a small change in viscosity with change in temperature.
  • VI improvers are polyisobutylenes, polymethacrylates, copolymers of polymethacrylate esters, copolymers of vinyl esters and fumaric acid esters, polyacrylates, polystyrenes, and terpolymers of polystyrene, methacrylate esters, and nitrogen-containing esters.
  • Other prior art VI improvers may include polymers of ethylene and propylene.
  • the novel lubricating oil composition of this invention may comprise a lubricating oil and contained therein, in amount suflicient to modify the viscosity index of said lubricating oil, a viscosity index improving amount of an oil-soluble polymer composition comprising a first copolymer of ethylene and a C to C alpha-olefin having an ethylene content of 50-95 mole percent (40-83 wt. percent) and a second copolymer of ethylene and a C to C alphaolefin having an ethylene content of 5-80 mole percent (3-70 wt. percent), the ethylene content of the first copolymer being at least 5 mole percent (4 wt. percent) more than the ethylene content of the second copolymer.
  • the first copolymer and the second copolymer may be prepared by the copolymerization of ethylene, a C to C higher alpha olefin, and optionally a copolymerizable third monomer.
  • the higher alpha-olefins which may be used in the preparation of the copolymers used in practice of this invention may include those monomers typically containing from 3 to about 1-8 carbon atoms.
  • the alpha-olefins may be linear, or branched where the branching occurs three or more carbon atoms from the double bond. Wh1le a single olefin is preferable, mixtures of C to C olefins may be employed.
  • C to C alphaolefins include propylene, l-butene, l-pentene, l-hexene, l-heptene, l-octene, l-nonene, l-decene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 4-methyl-l-hexene, S-methyl-l-hexene, 4,4-d1methyll-pentene, 4-methyl-l-heptene, 5 methyl 1 heptene, 6-methyl-1-heptene, 4,4-dimethyl-1-hexene, 5,6,5-tr1methyl-l-heptene and mixtures thereof. It is most preferred, however, that the ethylene monomer be copolymenzed with propylene.
  • Ethylene-propylene copolymers are preferred for the purposes of this invention. It is also possible to use a third monomer which may be one or more of the aforedescribed C to C alpha-olefins and/or C to C diolefins. These unsaturated monomers are also preferably linear, but may be branched where the branching occurs three or more carbon atoms from the double bond, and, while a single olefinic monomer is preferable, mixtures of these olefinic monomers may also be employed. The amount of the third monomer contained in the polymer may range from 0 to about 10 mole percent, e.g., 0.1 to 5.0 mole percent (0-37.0 wt. percent, say 0.3-18.5 wt. percent).
  • the diolefins which are useful as third monomer for copolymerization with ethylene and propylene include the bicyclic, alicyclic, or aliphatic nonconjugated diolefins containing about 6-28 carbon atoms, preferably about 6-12 carbon atoms.
  • Suitable monomers include 1,5-cyclooctadiene, 1,4-hexadiene, dicyclopentadiene, S-methylene- 2-norbornene, 5-vinyl-2-norbornene, 1,5-cyclodecadiene, 2,4-dimethyl-2,7-octadiene, 3 (Z-methyll-propenyl) cyclopentene, 1,5-octadecadiene, S-ethylidene 2 norbornene, etc.
  • the copolymer may be a two-component copolymer or a terpolymer.
  • copolymers of ethylene and higher alpha olefin which may be employed as the first (high) copolymer and in the second (low) copolymer may be prepared by forming a mixture of the monomer components containing the following components by weight, these being per 100 parts of solvent employed.
  • Mixtures of these monomers may be used, i.e., more than one alpha-olefin and/or more than one diolefin may be employed.
  • Other compatible components including those which are copolymerizable to form tetrapolymers, may be present, etc.
  • The. monomer. mixture may be polymerized (either batchwise or continuously) to form the desired polymer in (the presence of a catalytic amount of a catalyst composition containing, a catalyst, 21 compound of a transi-.
  • the catalyst composition may typically include:
  • a compound, preferably a halide, of a transition metal i.e., a metal of Groups 13 through VIIB and VIII of the Periodic Table and having an atomic number falling within the range of 21-30, 39-48, 57-80, and 80-130.
  • the first category including metals starting with scandium (21) and ending with zinc (30) may be preferred; and titanium,(22) and vanadium (23) may be most preferred.
  • the halide may be a chloride, bromide, or iodide, preferably chloride.
  • the preferred compound may be titanium tetrachloride, vanadium oxychloride, or vanadium tetrachloride.
  • organometalcompound (of a metal of Groups I-A, ll-A, II-B, and III-A), preferably an organoaluminum compound-R"',,,AlX wherein R"" may be hydrocarbon moiety, typically alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, or al'karyl, X is a halogen, and n is an integer 1-3.
  • An organometal compound is one characterized by the presence of at least one carbon-to-metal bond.
  • the preferred metal is aluminum. Typical compounds may be Zn R" Al,
  • R AlX g and the preferred compound may be diethyl aluminum chloride or triisobutyl aluminum or ethyl aluminum sesquichloride.
  • the preferred catalyst composition may include 0.00001 to 0.0001 mole, say 0.00005 mole of transition metal halide catalyst and 0.00007-0.0007 mole, say 0.0035 mole of organoaluminum cocatalyst per 100 parts of solvent employed.
  • Polymerization may be effected to produce first copolymers having a greater ethylene content of 50-95 mole percent (40-83 wt. percent) by passing 0.1-10, say 4.7 parts of ethylene, 0.1-20, say 2.8 parts of alpha olefin, typically propylene, and,0'-1.0, say 0.22 part of diolefin third monomer, typically S-ethylidene-Z-norbornene, when employed, and 4X to 4X10- say 2.35 410- parts of hydrogen into 100 parts of liquid inert-diluentsolvent reaction medium containing vanadium oxytrichloride catalyst and ethyl aluminum sesquichloride cocotalyst in catalytic amounts, i.e., 0.0017 to 0.017, say 0.00865 parts of catalyst and.0.0084-0.084, say 0.042 partsv of cocatalyst per 100 parts of diluent solvent.
  • the nonreactive reaction medium may be an aromatic hydrocarbon such as toluene, a saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon such as heptane, pentane, and hexane, or a chlorohydrocarbon such as tetrachloroethylene. All steps in this reaction should preferably be carried out in the absence of oxygen, moisture, carbon dioxide or other harmful materials. Preferably, all reactants and catalysts may be pure and dry and blanketed with inert gas such as nitrogen or methane.
  • reaction mixture may be agitated and maintained at temp ratures of 40 C. to
  • reaction mixture may be worked up to separate product copolymer.
  • the ethylene content of the copolymer may be controlled by varying the mole ratio of ethylene to propylene.
  • Preparation of the first copolymer may be carried out by maintaining this ratio during the reaction at 0.1-10, preferably 0.5 to 4, say 2.5 which will permit attainment of first copolymer having ethylene content of, 50-95 mole percent (40- 83 wt. percent), preferably 60-85 mole percent (SO-79 ,wt. percent), say 75 mole percent (65 wt. percent).
  • Preparation of the second copolymer may be carried out by maintaining this ratio during the reaction at 0.01-10, preferably 0.1-4, say 0.9, which will permit attainment of the second copolymer having ethylene content of 5-80 mole percent (3-70 wt. percent), preferably 30-70 mole percent (22-60 wt. percent), say 54 mole percent (44 wt. percent).
  • a specific preferred first copolymer may be that disclosed in Example 1 of United States patent No. 3,551,- 336. This copolymer of ethylene and propylene contains 77 mole percent (69 wt. percent) ethylene.
  • first copolymers may include the following:
  • a preferred second copolymer may be that prepared by the copolymerization of ethylene and propylene at 35 C. and 65 p.s.i.g., using VOCl as catalyst and as cocatalyst and with an ethylene to propylene mole ratio of 0.9 and containing 54 mole percent (44 wt. percent) ethylene.
  • each base stock e.g., lubricating oil
  • a characteristic modal weight percent ethylene content at which the pour point is a maximum This may be determined by adding to the base stock a standard quantity (e.g. 0.7 wt. percent) of each of a series of ethylene-propylene copolymers prepared in manner to yield different ethylene contents but otherwise possessing similar properties. If one plots the pour point of the oil as a function of the ethylene content, it will be observed that there is a mode point for each oil at which the pour point is at a maximum.
  • the ethylene content of the polymer at this maximum is the modal weight percent ethylene.
  • the modal weight percent ethylene may be 36% to 70%, commnoly 40% to 65%, say 54%. This may correspond to 46-78 mole percent, say 50-74 mole percent, say 63 mole percent.
  • the pour point of the treated base stock is at a minimum.
  • the lower minimum may commonly be at 25- 60 wt. percent (33-69 mole percent), typically 35-55 wt. percent (45-64 mole percent), say 45 wt. percent (55 mole percent) ethylene; and the upper minimum may commonly be at 58-80 wt. percent (64-86 mole percent), typically 60-75 wt. percent (60-82 mole percent), say 67 wt. percent (75 mole percent) ethylene.
  • the first copolymer will preferably be chosen to have an ethylene content above the modal weight percent ethylene; although this ethylene content may be 40-83 wt. percent (50-95 mole percent), it will more commonly be 50-79 wt. percent (60-85 mole percent) and typically about 62 wt. percent to 70 wt. percent (71-78 mole percent).
  • the second copolymer will preferably be chosen to have an ethylene content below the modal Weight percent ethylene; although this ethylene content may be 5 wt. percent to wt. percent (3-70 mole percent), it will more commonly be 22 wt. percent to 60 wt. percent (30-70 mole percent) and typically about 40 wt. percent to 55 Wt. percent (50-64 mole percent).
  • the relative amount of first copolymer and second copolymer may preferably be such that the weight average of the ethylene content of the amounts of first copolymer and of second copolymer may be Within 5-10 wt. percent (i.e., 4-8 mole percent) of the modal weight percent ethyleneand preferably at about the modal weight percent ethylene.
  • the ethylene content of the first and second copolymers may differ by at least about 5-20 wt. percent, say 10 wt. percent (i.e., 4-16 mole percent), i.e., the ethylene content of the first polymer may preferably be at least 5-20 wt. percent, say 10 wt. percent higher than (and typically, 5-50 wt. percent or 4-40 mole perand second copolymers are added to lubricating oils (preferably containing a pour point depressant) as so indicated in amount sufficient to modify the VI of the oil (i.e.,
  • wt. percent say 0.7 wt percent that'the viscosity index of the oil may be increased by 5% to 50%, say 25%, and that pour. point may actually remain essentially constant in most instances.
  • first copolymer and the second copolymer may be pre-blended in a diluent-solvent.
  • Typical diluent-solvents may include toluene, hexane, heptane, isooctane, lubricating oils, etc.
  • Such pre-blends may contain the following:
  • the polymers of the invention can be employed alone in lubricant compositions or they can be employed in combination with other viscosity index improvers. If desired, the polymers may be employed in combination with other additives, for example, pour point depressants;-ashless dispersants such as thereaction product of polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride with tetraethylene pentamine; detergent type additives, such as barium nonyl phenol sulfide, calcium tertiaryamylphenol sulfide, nickel oleate, barium octadecylate, calcium phenol stearate, zinc di-isopropyl salicylate, aluminum naphthenate, calcium cetyl.
  • additives for example, pour point depressants;-ashless dispersants such as thereaction product of polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride with tetraethylene pentamine; detergent type additives, such as barium nonyl phenol sulfide, calcium terti
  • the lubricating oils which may be particularly improved by the technique of ;this invention may include the following:
  • pour point depressant compositions typically in amount of 0 wt. percent to 1.0 Wt. percent, say 0.7 wt. percent.
  • Illustrative pour point depressants which may be present in the compositions of this invention may include:
  • lubricating oil Solvent 150 N having the following properties (all viscosity measurements are in Saybolt Universal SecondsSUS--unless otherwise indicated) 1 VI as determined by AS'IM Test D-56753. 2 Pour Point as determined by ASTM Test 13-97.
  • a typical lubricating oil composition containing an additive package, including a pour point depressant, which may be treated by this invention may be as follows:
  • the copolymers may be both ethylene-propylene copolymers prepared from ethylene and propylene which may be purified by contact at 150 C. with copper oxide and molecular sieves.
  • Solvent n-heptane may be purified by passage through a bed of alumina and silica gel; and charge hydrogen may be dried by passage through a bed of silica gel. All reactants may be maintained pure, dry, and anaerobic.
  • Polymerization may be carried out in a reactor equipped with monomer inlet conduit, catalyst inlet conduit, cocatalyst inlet conduit, solvent inlet conduit, hydrogen inlet conduit, reflux condenser, stirring means, temperature control jacket, and product recovery outlet.
  • the reactor may preferably be also equipped with means to continuously control the rates of addition of monomers, hydrogen, solvent, catalyst, and cocatalyst-and to provide a blanket of dry nitrogen.
  • product stream may be recovered and steam distilled to yield a solvent-free crude product which may then be dried to yield a product having the properties set forth in Table VIII.
  • the second copolymer of this embodiment may be prepared in manner similar to that in which the first copolymer may be prepared except that the amount of ethylene may be 3.0 parts and the propylene 4.9 parts and the hydrogen may be maintained at 6 10- parts.
  • Product second copolymer may be recovered having the properties as set forth in Table VI.
  • T gqiscpsity Index as determined by ASTM D-567 in Reference Oil of Thickening Efficiency is the ratio of wt. percent polyisobutylene (20000 Staudinger mol. wt.) required to thicken the Reference Oil of Table VII to a viscosity of 12.4 centistokes (cs.) at 210 F./wt. percent ethylene-propylene copolymer required to thicken the Reference Oil of Table VII to the same viscosity.
  • EXAMPLE 2 In this experimental example, 0.7 parts total of a 5050 wt. percent mixture of the first copolymer and of the second copolymer of Table VIII may be employed. This mixture, containing 54 wt. percent ethylene (equivalent to a modal wt. percent of 56.5%) may be added to 100 parts of the Reference Oil of Table VII. The VI of the product mix may be found to be 135 and the pour point may be found to be --25 F.
  • EXAMPLE 3 In this control example, the procedure of Example 2 was followed except that the additive was 0.7 part of a single copolymer.
  • the copolymer was prepared by the process used to prepare the first polymer of Table IX except that the ethylenezpropylene mole ratio was modified to yield a product containing 54 wt. percent ethylene.
  • the VI of the product mix may be found to be 135 and the pour point may be found to be 0 F.
  • EXAMPLE 4 In this experimental example, 0.7 part total of a 66-34 wt. percent mixture of the first copolymer and of the second copolymer of Table VIII may be employed. This mixture, containing 57.3 wt. percent ethylene, may be added to parts of the base stock of Table VII. The VI of the product mix may be found to be and the pour point may be found to be 25 F.
  • EXAMPLE 5 In this control example, the procedure of Example 2 was followed except that the additive was 0.7 part of a single copolymer containing 57.3 wt. percent ethylene.
  • the copolymer was prepared by the process used to prepare the polymer of Table VIII except that the ethylene: propylene mole ratio was modified to yield a product containing 57 .3 wt. percent ethylene.
  • the VI of the product mix may be found to be 135 and the pour point may be found to be -10 F.
  • copolymer containing 74 mole percent ('64 wt. percent) ethylene, 24 mole percent (35.7 wt. percent) propylene, and 2 mole percent (0.3 wt. percent) S-methylene-Z-norbornene prepared from the noted monomers in the presence of hydrogen at 55 C. and '65 p.s.i.g. using VOCl as catalyst and (C H AlCl as cocatalyst.
  • the invention is particularly useful when the oil contains 0.05 to 2.0 wt. percent of a lube oil pour depressant.
  • a lube oil pour depressant commonly have a molecular weight (Staudinger) of 1,000 to 50,000 and usually are characterized by straight chain alkyl groups having 6-18 carbon atoms attached as side chains to a hydrocarbon nucleus.
  • the nucleus may be a polymethylene backbone or an aromatic or naphthalene group with the alkyl side chains directly attached to carbon atoms of said nucleus (e.g., copolymers of the alpha olefins or alkylated naphthalenes).
  • the alkyl groups will be linked to the nucleus through ether or ester linkages (e.g., copolymers of dialkyl fumarates and vinyl acetate).
  • a lubricating oil composition comprising a major amount of mineralv lubricating oil containing a pour point depressant, and a viscosity index improving amount of an oil soluble polymer mixture comprising:
  • a first copolymer consisting essentially of 60-80 mole percent of ethylene, a C -C alpha olefin, and 0 to 10 mole percent of a third monomer, said third monomer being a C -C aliphatic or alicyclic nonconjugated diolefin, said first copolymer having a content of less than about 1.3% by Weight of a polymer fraction which is insoluble in normal decane at 45 C., a degree of crystallinity of less than about 25 weight percent, a viscosity average molecular weight of about 10,000- (C)1,000, and an fiw/Mn ratio less than about 4;
  • a second copolymer consisting essentially of 30-70 mole percent of ethylene, a C -C alphaolefin, and 0-10 mole percent of a third monomer,v said third monomer being a C -C alpha olefin or a C -C aliphatic or alicyclic nonconjugated diolefin, said second copolymer having a degree of crystallinity of 0-25 weight percent, a viscosity average molecular weight of 10,000-400,- 000, and an MW/fin ratio not greater than 8;
  • said first copolymer having an ethylene content at least 5 mole percent greater than said second copolymer, and said first and second copolymers being produced by separate polymerizations.
  • a lubricating oil composition according to claim 1 containing 30-70 parts by weight of said first copolymer and 30-70 parts by weight of said second copolymer.
  • An oil soluble concentrate adapted to be added to a mineral lubricating oil containing a pour point depressant in order to improve the viscosity index thereof, said concentrate comprising a mineral diluent solvent and an oil soluble copolymer mixture comprising:
  • a first copolymer consisting essentially of 60-80 mole percent of ethylene, a C -C alpha olefin, and 0 to 10 mole percent of a third monomer, said third monomer being a C -C alpha olefin or a (I -C aliphatic or alicyclic nonconjugated diolefin, said first copolymer having a content of less than about 1.3% by weight of a. polymer fraction which is insoluble in normal decane at 45 C., a degree of crystallinity of less than about 25 weight percent, a viscosity average molecular weight of about 10,000-200,000, and an fiw/M n ratio less than about 4; and
  • a second copolymer consisting essentially of 30-70 mole percent of ethylene, a C -C alpha olefin, and-O-lO mole percent of a third monomer, said third monomer being a C -C aliphatic or alicyclic nonconjugated diolefin, said second copolymer having a degree of crystallinity of 0-25 weight percent, a viscosity average molecular Weight of 10,0O0400,000, and an fiw/fin ratio not greater than 8;
  • Column "9, line 34, 'VI” shouldread VIII -el Column 12, line 15, "composition” should be -mixture-.
  • Column l2, I line '23 '-'complymers” should be copolymers--.

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DE2539072A1 (de) * 1974-09-16 1976-03-25 Exxon Research Engineering Co Schmieroelgemische
US4088589A (en) * 1976-05-20 1978-05-09 Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Dual pour depressant combination for viscosity index improved waxy multigrade lubricants
DE2815427A1 (de) * 1977-04-13 1978-10-19 Exxon Research Engineering Co Ethylencopolymeres und dieses enthaltendes schmieroel
US4182922A (en) * 1977-12-19 1980-01-08 Mobil Oil Corporation Synthetic hydrocarbon lubricating oil
US4194057A (en) * 1977-05-19 1980-03-18 Orobis Limited Polymer composition viscosity index improver additive and lubricating oil containing the additive
US4372863A (en) * 1977-04-13 1983-02-08 Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Oil compositions containing oil-soluble, oxidatively and mechanically degraded ethylene copolymers
EP0129414A2 (en) * 1983-06-15 1984-12-27 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Narrow MWD alpha-olefin copolymers
US4507515A (en) * 1983-12-21 1985-03-26 Exxon Research & Engineering Co. Lubricating oil compositions containing ethylene-alpha-olefin polymers of controlled sequence distribution and molecular heterogeneity
JPS6128591A (ja) * 1983-03-09 1986-02-08 ユニロイヤル，インコ−ポレ−テツド 潤滑組成物
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US5433757A (en) * 1988-08-01 1995-07-18 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Ethylene alpha-olefin polymer substituted mono- and dicarboxylic acid dispersant additives
US5759967A (en) * 1988-08-01 1998-06-02 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc Ethylene α-olefin/diene interpolymer-substituted carboxylic acid dispersant additives
US5225091A (en) * 1988-08-01 1993-07-06 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Ethylene alpha-olefin polymer substituted thiocarboxylic acid lubricant dispersant additives
US5229022A (en) * 1988-08-01 1993-07-20 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Ethylene alpha-olefin polymer substituted mono- and dicarboxylic acid dispersant additives (PT-920)
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US5366647A (en) * 1990-02-01 1994-11-22 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Derivatized ethylene alpha-olefin polymer useful as multifunctional viscosity index improver additive for oleaginous composition (PT-796)
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US5187310A (en) * 1990-03-14 1993-02-16 Kao Corporation Organic silicon compound, method of its production, and photoreceptor for electrophotography incorporating it
US5089156A (en) * 1990-10-10 1992-02-18 Ethyl Petroleum Additives, Inc. Ashless or low-ash synthetic base compositions and additives therefor
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US20040121922A1 (en) * 2001-05-31 2004-06-24 Keiji Okada Olefin block copolymer, viscosity index improver for lubricating oils and lubricating oil composition
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Publication number Publication date
FR2093989B1 (ja) 1976-07-23
ES391826A1 (es) 1974-06-16
NL170019B (nl) 1982-04-16
CA969529A (en) 1975-06-17
NL170019C (nl)
NL7107500A (ja) 1971-12-06
DE2126952A1 (de) 1971-12-16
FR2093989A1 (ja) 1972-02-04
DE2126952C2 (de) 1989-06-29
JPS5637279B1 (ja) 1981-08-29
AR206280A1 (es) 1976-07-15
GB1337475A (en) 1973-11-14

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