US3696502A - Method of making a dispersion strengthened metal - Google Patents

Method of making a dispersion strengthened metal Download PDF

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Publication number
US3696502A
US3696502A US861522*A US3696502DA US3696502A US 3696502 A US3696502 A US 3696502A US 3696502D A US3696502D A US 3696502DA US 3696502 A US3696502 A US 3696502A
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host material
platinum
constituent
reactive constituent
alloy
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US861522*A
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English (en)
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Alan Sydney Darling
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Johnson Matthey PLC
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Johnson Matthey PLC
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/18—After-treatment
    • C23C4/185—Separation of the coating from the substrate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/04—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material
    • C23C4/06—Metallic material
    • C23C4/08—Metallic material containing only metal elements
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S29/00—Metal working
    • Y10S29/039—Spraying with other step
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10S428/922—Static electricity metal bleed-off metallic stock
    • Y10S428/9335—Product by special process
    • Y10S428/937—Sprayed metal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4998—Combined manufacture including applying or shaping of fluent material
    • Y10T29/49988—Metal casting
    • Y10T29/49991—Combined with rolling

Definitions

  • a method of making a dispersion strengthened metal or alloy in accordance with this invention consists in [30] Forelgn ApPhpatmn Pnomy Data spraying a molten metal material and a reactive con- Julyl2, 1968 Great Britain ..33,392/68 stituent on to a target. The reactive constituent is passed through an atmosphere which converts it into a [52] U.S.
  • SHEET 1 [1F 2 V/CKERS PYRAMID WORK HARDEN/NG HARDNESS CHARACTER/SW05 OF 240 PLATINUM AND PLATINUM ALLOYS 220 IOZRILDDIUM-PLATINUM POWDER METALLURG/CALLY 180 PROCESSED PLA T/NUM 0-08 WTZ 720 )i 0 9/ /U .49 y i FLAME SPRAYED 720 PLATINUM 01 WT x f Z/RCON/LM PURE PLATINUM 100 7-6 20 2' TRUE STRAlN properties and particularly increased strength at high temperatures.
  • dispersion strengthened materials have been proposed for making dispersion strengthened materials.
  • One basic problem confronting metallurgists making dispersion strengthened metals is that of ensuring that the dispersed phase, for example oxides such as thoria, zirconia, hafnia, titania, alumina or the lanthanides, forms a stable array of particles in the submicron range and does not react with the host metallic environment supporting the dispersed phase.
  • dispersion strengthened metals and alloys are made by mixing metal or alloy powders with fine refractory particles and thereafter, consolidating the particulate mixture by powder metallurgical techniques.
  • dispersion hardened metals and alloys may be made by producing a metal or alloy melt which is atomized either in air, gas or steam jets, or by mechanical methods such as spinning tables. Depending upon the conditions involved this atomization process produces a more or less heavily oxidized powder. Another process produces oxidized aluminum powder which is still further oxidized both on the surface and internally by ball milling under oxidizing conditions. Also atomized lead used in a further dispersion strengthened process is ball milled to increase still more its oxygen content. In particular berylliumcopper powder produced by atomization is internally oxidized by heat treatment in oxidizing conditions and the powder is, thereafter reduced in conditions which turn the copper oxide back to copper without affecting the beryllium oxide. Such oxidized powders are then consolidated by pressing and sintering and working into the desired shapes. These methods of manufacture are expensive and time consuming and dispersion strengthened materials are therefore expensive to produce.
  • a method of making a dispersion strengthened metal or alloy comprises spraying a molten metallic host material and a reactive constituent on to a target, at least the reactive constituent passing through an atmosphere which serves to convert the reactive constituent into a material which forms a dispersed phase contained within the host material when the host material is deposited on the target.
  • the target is preferably cooled.
  • the target may possess a high thermal capacity. Spraying may be accomplished using flames, arcs, furnaces, plasmas and other spraying techniques.
  • the invention also includes a method of making a dispersion strengthened metal or alloy ingot suitable for subsequent fabrication, the method comprising the following steps: 7 l. producing a metallic starting material comprising a metallic host material and a relatively minor concentration of a metal or metals which is/are more reactive than the host material;
  • the metallic host material need not necessarily be prepared before spraying. If required,
  • spraying can be accomplished using a mixture of metal powders (that is the constituents of the alloy) which will alloy when fused and before they are deposited on to the target.
  • the invention also includes dispersion strengthened metals and alloys made by the method outlined above.
  • a dispersion strengthened metal or alloy made in accordance with this invention has a relatively fine grain size which is determined to a large extent by the dimensions of the sprayed particles. Examination of alloys and metals made in'accordance with the invention indicated a fine dispersion of the dispersed phase and, since the reactive constituent from which the dispersed phase is formed, is molten at the same time as the host material, the reactive constituent solidifies to form the dispersed phase under conditions which approach thermodynamic equilibrium. Thus, if the host material has any tendency to reduce the oxide, as to some extent all metals do, this tendency should have been satisfied in the molten condition, so that no further reactions are likely at temperatures below the melting point.
  • the dispersed phase contained in alloys and metals made in accordance with the invention may be in the form of an oxide, carbide, nitride, or sulphide and, for the reasons stated above, such dispersed phases possess high stabilities even in a metal matrix.
  • Additional grain stabilization is achieved by the dissolved absorbed or entrapped gas films which are associated with the molten spray when it impinges on the target or on previously deposited metallic material and 'which are, thereafter, permanently entrapped within the metallic matrix.
  • the temperature of spraying the host material and reactive constituent is adjusted so that it lies above the melting point of the host material and below the melting point of an oxide or other compound produced by the reaction of the more reactive constituent of the metal or alloy with the surrounding atmosphere.
  • Titanium platinum alloys were employed for some of the first systematic investigations, which were made to confirm the benefits obtainable.
  • Platinum alloys containing 0.08 percent by weight of titanium were made up in a vacuum furnace and cast into ingots ranging in weight from 371 700 gms. These ingots were then cold rolled and finally drawn to wire 1 mm. in diameter which was sprayed into ingots, as before described in water cooled copper moulds. No sintering treatments were necessary, the ingot densition averaging rather more than 90 percent of theoretical before forging. Creep tests were carried out on 1 mm. diameter wire drawn from these ingots, the results obtained being summarized below:
  • ingots weighing 10 ounces were sprayed from wires containing small quantities of zirconium thorium and calcium.
  • One ingot of 10 percent rhodium platinum containing nominally 0.4 volume per cent of zirconium oxide was also built up for purposes of comparison.
  • the platinum alloy wires used for building up these ingots were prepared from argon arc furnace ingots. Fabrication of the calcium platinum ingot was rather troublesome, although the zirconium and thorium bearing alloys presented no problem during melting and fabrication.
  • EXAMPLE 5 The next step was to assess the quality of sheet produced from these 50 ounce ingots. A small portion only of the ingots had been used for the wire, the test results of which are summarized in the above Table. The remainders of some of these ingots were therefore hot rolled and finally cold rolled to produce sheet 0.060 inch thick from which test-pieces were prepared. A summary of the high temperature behavior of the sheet so obtained is provided below:
  • EXAMPLE 6 Two gold alloys were made up by induction melting in a graphite crucible. Melting was carried out under an argon atmosphere and to one batch of gold 0.80 percent of titanium was added, 0.04 percent of aluminum Resistance to Creep Failure of Flame Sprayed Gold Alloys (Tests made at 700 p.s.i., at 700C in Air) 0.04% Al Pure Gold 7 Base Metal Addition Life in Hours The two flame sprayed alloys were therefore at 700 C very much stronger than pure gold. Bend tests were also carried out on these wires to assess their formability at room temperature. Wires 0.0180 inch diameter were lightly clamped between two polished steel jaws with corners rounded to a radius of l/32nd of an inch.
  • the pure platinum began to soften at about 300 C, whereas significant changes in hardness did not occur with either of the two dispersion strengthened grades of platinum below 400 C.
  • the softening which occurred at high temperatures was gradual, constant hardness values not being achieved below l,200 C.
  • the 10 percent rhodium platinum alloy softened completely in the narrow temperature range between 700 C and 800 C.
  • Structural units made in accordance with the invention which are required to withstand high stresses for long periods at temperatures close to their melting points.
  • Dispersion strengthened silver springs and/or contacts where the material must have a low electrical resistivity to allow it to carry heavy electrical currents, where it must have a low elastic modulus and high elastic limit to allow it to perform effectively as a spring, and where the use of a noble metal is essential to maintain contact resistances at a low level.
  • thermometers where high mechanical strength at high temperatures must be accompanied by a high temperature coefficient of resistance which is usually restricted to a pure metal.
  • Dispersion strengthened alloy heater elements based on the nickel chromium system.
  • Dispersion strengthened alloy heater elements based on the iron-chromium-aluminum system.
  • Dispersion strengthened noble metal heater elements used for igniting coal and natural gas.
  • Dispersion strengthened noble metal heater elements used in electrical furnaces.
  • Dispersion strengthened palladium and palladium alloy diffusion membranes used for the gas phase separation and concentration of deuterium.
  • Dispersion strengthened base metal and noble metal and alloy spinnerettes used for the manufacture of synthetic fibers used for the manufacture of synthetic fibers.
  • Our investigations have, however, shown that the teaching of the invention is not confined to the noble metals but that it is also applicable to other metals and alloys.
  • beryllium/copper and other high duty copper alloys may be sprayed into ingots as outlined in this specification.
  • high alloy steels may be sprayed under carbonizing conditions so that a sprayed deposit with a fine dispersion of tungsten, titanium, zirconium or chromium carbide is obtained.
  • the invention also includes articles when made in accordance with the invention and method described above.
  • the articles may be in sheet, rod or wire form and such articles have high corrosion resistance.
  • a method of making a dispersion strengthened metal or alloy comprising spraying (i) a molten metallic host material selected from the group consisting of metals and alloys, and (ii) a molten reactive constituent, on to a target; passing said molten reactive constituent, prior to its reaching said target, through an atmosphere which converts said molten reactive constituent into a converted constituent which forms on cooling a dispersed phase within the host material;
  • said host material and said converted constituent being substantially simultaneously deposited on the target to form an ingot of said host material having converted constituents dispersed therethrough;
  • a method according to claim 1 wherein said target is cooled, wherein said molten reactive constituent is a metal more reactive than said host material, and wherein said host material and said reactive constituent are admixed; and spraying the admixture of host material and reactive constituent in the form of a jet of finely divided molten particles through an atmosphere which reacts with said molten reactive constituent to form at least one stable metal compound as the said converted constituent during passage of said reactive constituent through said atmosphere.
  • the host material comprises an alloy, which includes the step of spraying a mixture of metal powders, forming the constituents of the alloy, adapted to alloy when in the molten state prior to deposition.
  • a method according to claim 6 wherein the atmosphere is such as to provide a dispersed phase of the converted reactive constituent selected from at least one member of the group consisting of an oxide, carbide, nitride and sulphide.
  • a method according to claim 8 wherein said atmosphere is such as to react with said reactive constituent to form a converted constituent selected from the group consisting of an oxide, carbide, nitride and sulphide of said reactive constituent.
  • said metallic host material is selected from the group consisting of platinum group metals and alloys containing at least one metal of said group.
  • said host material is platinum or an alloy of platinum with a minute portion of another platinum group metal, wherein said reactive constituent is one which reacts with oxygen, carbon, nitrogen or sulphur to form an oxide, carbide, nitride, or sulphide, and wherein the temperature of spraying is above the melting point of said host material and below the melting point of said converted constituent.
  • said reactive constituent is selected from the group consisting of titanium and aluminum.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Metal Powder And Suspensions Thereof (AREA)
  • Coating By Spraying Or Casting (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Alloys Or Alloy Compounds (AREA)
US861522*A 1968-07-12 1969-07-14 Method of making a dispersion strengthened metal Expired - Lifetime US3696502A (en)

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GB33392/68A GB1280815A (en) 1968-07-12 1968-07-12 Improvements in and relating to the dispersion strengthening of metals

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US (1) US3696502A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS543803B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1935329C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2012909A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1280815A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
NL (1) NL168007C (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (23)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3826301A (en) * 1971-10-26 1974-07-30 R Brooks Method and apparatus for manufacturing precision articles from molten articles
US3899820A (en) * 1972-06-30 1975-08-19 Alcan Res & Dev Method of producing a dispersion-strengthened aluminum alloy article
US3909921A (en) * 1971-10-26 1975-10-07 Osprey Metals Ltd Method and apparatus for making shaped articles from sprayed molten metal or metal alloy
DE2924896A1 (de) * 1978-06-20 1980-01-17 Louyot Comptoir Lyon Alemand Verfahren zur herstellung von platinmetallen
DE3000497A1 (de) * 1979-01-10 1980-07-24 Johnson Matthey Co Ltd Brennkraftmaschine
US4525433A (en) * 1981-09-08 1985-06-25 Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company Composite material
US5102620A (en) * 1989-04-03 1992-04-07 Olin Corporation Copper alloys with dispersed metal nitrides and method of manufacture
US5381847A (en) * 1993-06-10 1995-01-17 Olin Corporation Vertical casting process
US5915160A (en) * 1998-02-17 1999-06-22 Rockwell International High strength gold wire for microelectronics miniaturization and method of making the same
US6129997A (en) * 1998-03-28 2000-10-10 W. C. Heraeus Gmbh & Co. Kg Method for manufacturing a welded shaped body dispersion-hardened platinum material
EP1130128A1 (de) * 2000-02-29 2001-09-05 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Abscheidung einer Beschichtung auf einem Substrat durch Versprühen einer Flüssigkeit
WO2001080988A3 (en) * 2000-04-25 2002-02-28 Du Pont Catalyst and process for gas phase reactions
US6501366B2 (en) * 1998-05-20 2002-12-31 Denso Corporation Thermistor-type temperature sensor
US20030124015A1 (en) * 2001-04-13 2003-07-03 Haruki Yamasaki Method for preparing reinforced platinum material
US6671647B2 (en) * 2000-04-14 2003-12-30 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Method and equipment for assessing the life of members put under high in-service temperature environment for long period
US20050104713A1 (en) * 2003-11-13 2005-05-19 Habboosh Samir W. Thermal variable resistance device with protective sheath
US20050104712A1 (en) * 2003-11-13 2005-05-19 Habboosh Samir W. Extended temperature range thermal variable-resistance device
US20050129091A1 (en) * 2003-12-16 2005-06-16 Habboosh Samir W. Extended temperature range EMF device
US20060139142A1 (en) * 2003-11-13 2006-06-29 Harco Laboratories, Inc. Extended temperature range heater
US20060202792A1 (en) * 2003-11-13 2006-09-14 Habboosh Samir W Thermal variable resistance device with protective sheath
US20140287261A1 (en) * 2011-11-22 2014-09-25 Markisches Werk Gmbh Process for producing a protective chromium layer
US20140328374A1 (en) * 2011-11-11 2014-11-06 Tanaka Kikinzoku Kogyo K.K. Platinum-based thermocouple
WO2018046921A1 (en) * 2016-09-08 2018-03-15 Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company Method

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DE2929630C2 (de) 1979-07-21 1983-12-15 Dornier System Gmbh, 7990 Friedrichshafen Verfahren zur Herstellung von Silberpulver
FR2474530A1 (fr) * 1980-01-25 1981-07-31 Johnson Matthey Co Ltd Alliage pour fabrication d'appareils travaillant a haute temperature et appareils realises en cet alliage
US4420441A (en) * 1982-02-23 1983-12-13 National Research Development Corp. Method of making a two-phase or multi-phase metallic material
DE3730753A1 (de) * 1987-09-12 1989-03-23 Spraytec Oberflaechentech Pulver zum erzeugen von hartstoffen bei kurzen reaktionszeiten, insbesondere zur fuellung von hohldraehten zum lichtbogenspritzen
WO1989005870A1 (en) * 1987-12-14 1989-06-29 Osprey Metals Limited Spray deposition
DE3935255A1 (de) * 1988-11-07 1990-05-10 Westinghouse Electric Corp Verfahren zum herstellen eines spritzauftrags mit hilfe eines verbesserten lichtbogen-spritzgeraets
US5213848A (en) * 1990-02-06 1993-05-25 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Method of producing titanium nitride coatings by electric arc thermal spray
GB2315441B (en) * 1996-07-20 2000-07-12 Special Melted Products Limite Production of metal billets
JP2012106928A (ja) * 2012-01-30 2012-06-07 Ohara Inc 光学ガラスの製造方法
DE102013225187B4 (de) 2013-12-06 2018-07-19 Heraeus Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG Verfahren zur Bearbeitung einer dispersionsgehärteten Platinzusammensetzung
EP3971311B1 (de) 2020-09-17 2022-07-06 Heraeus Deutschland GmbH & Co. KG Verbesserte, dispersionsgehärtete edelmetalllegierung
EP3978884B1 (de) 2020-10-02 2024-05-29 Heraeus Precious Metals GmbH & Co. KG Draht mit platin-zusammensetzung zur kontaktierung von temperatursensoren
EP4492048A1 (de) 2023-07-12 2025-01-15 Heraeus Precious Metals GmbH & Co. KG Verfahren zur messung einer elektrischen grösse zur bestimmung der zeitdauer einer dispersionshärtung eines metallhaltigen formkörpers

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US2129702A (en) * 1934-05-05 1938-09-13 Joseph M Merie Process for making metal products
US2460991A (en) * 1946-02-06 1949-02-08 Federal Mogul Corp Atomized metal
US3138851A (en) * 1961-04-03 1964-06-30 Lead Ind Ass Inc Lead powder metallurgy
US3484305A (en) * 1966-02-10 1969-12-16 St Joseph Lead Co Nonbubbling dispersion strengthened lead

Cited By (34)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USRE31767E (en) * 1971-10-26 1984-12-18 Osprey Metals Limited Method and apparatus for making shaped articles from sprayed molten metal or metal alloy
US3909921A (en) * 1971-10-26 1975-10-07 Osprey Metals Ltd Method and apparatus for making shaped articles from sprayed molten metal or metal alloy
US3826301A (en) * 1971-10-26 1974-07-30 R Brooks Method and apparatus for manufacturing precision articles from molten articles
US3899820A (en) * 1972-06-30 1975-08-19 Alcan Res & Dev Method of producing a dispersion-strengthened aluminum alloy article
DE2924896A1 (de) * 1978-06-20 1980-01-17 Louyot Comptoir Lyon Alemand Verfahren zur herstellung von platinmetallen
US4252558A (en) * 1978-06-20 1981-02-24 Comptoir Lyon-Alemand-Louyot Method for producing a platinoid comprising a dispersed phase of a refractory oxide
DE3000497A1 (de) * 1979-01-10 1980-07-24 Johnson Matthey Co Ltd Brennkraftmaschine
US4525433A (en) * 1981-09-08 1985-06-25 Johnson Matthey Public Limited Company Composite material
US5102620A (en) * 1989-04-03 1992-04-07 Olin Corporation Copper alloys with dispersed metal nitrides and method of manufacture
US5381847A (en) * 1993-06-10 1995-01-17 Olin Corporation Vertical casting process
US5915160A (en) * 1998-02-17 1999-06-22 Rockwell International High strength gold wire for microelectronics miniaturization and method of making the same
US6129997A (en) * 1998-03-28 2000-10-10 W. C. Heraeus Gmbh & Co. Kg Method for manufacturing a welded shaped body dispersion-hardened platinum material
US6501366B2 (en) * 1998-05-20 2002-12-31 Denso Corporation Thermistor-type temperature sensor
EP1130128A1 (de) * 2000-02-29 2001-09-05 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Abscheidung einer Beschichtung auf einem Substrat durch Versprühen einer Flüssigkeit
US6671647B2 (en) * 2000-04-14 2003-12-30 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Method and equipment for assessing the life of members put under high in-service temperature environment for long period
US20040107067A1 (en) * 2000-04-14 2004-06-03 Fumiharu Ishii Method and equipment for assessing the life of members put under high in-service temperature environment for long period
US6801871B2 (en) 2000-04-14 2004-10-05 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Method and equipment for assessing the life of members put under high in-service temperature environment for long period
WO2001080988A3 (en) * 2000-04-25 2002-02-28 Du Pont Catalyst and process for gas phase reactions
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL168007C (nl) 1982-02-16
DE1935329B2 (de) 1974-03-21
NL6910671A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-01-14
NL168007B (nl) 1981-09-16
FR2012909A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-03-27
JPS543803B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1979-02-27
GB1280815A (en) 1972-07-05
DE1935329A1 (de) 1970-01-22
DE1935329C3 (de) 1974-10-24

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