US3687388A - Measuring and controlling wound-in tension for web winding machines - Google Patents

Measuring and controlling wound-in tension for web winding machines Download PDF

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Publication number
US3687388A
US3687388A US884519A US3687388DA US3687388A US 3687388 A US3687388 A US 3687388A US 884519 A US884519 A US 884519A US 3687388D A US3687388D A US 3687388DA US 3687388 A US3687388 A US 3687388A
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United States
Prior art keywords
web
roll
tension
nip
measuring
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US884519A
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English (en)
Inventor
John D Pfeiffer
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Beloit Corp
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Beloit Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H18/00—Winding webs
    • B65H18/08—Web-winding mechanisms
    • B65H18/26—Mechanisms for controlling contact pressure on winding-web package, e.g. for regulating the quantity of air between web layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H23/00—Registering, tensioning, smoothing or guiding webs
    • B65H23/04—Registering, tensioning, smoothing or guiding webs longitudinally
    • B65H23/18—Registering, tensioning, smoothing or guiding webs longitudinally by controlling or regulating the web-advancing mechanism, e.g. mechanism acting on the running web
    • B65H23/195—Registering, tensioning, smoothing or guiding webs longitudinally by controlling or regulating the web-advancing mechanism, e.g. mechanism acting on the running web in winding mechanisms or in connection with winding operations
    • B65H23/1955—Registering, tensioning, smoothing or guiding webs longitudinally by controlling or regulating the web-advancing mechanism, e.g. mechanism acting on the running web in winding mechanisms or in connection with winding operations and controlling web tension
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H2404/00—Parts for transporting or guiding the handled material
    • B65H2404/40—Shafts, cylinders, drums, spindles
    • B65H2404/43—Rider roll construction
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H2515/00—Physical entities not provided for in groups B65H2511/00 or B65H2513/00
    • B65H2515/12—Density

Definitions

  • a complete loop of the web material is formed from the nip, around a measuring roll, and around the web roll.
  • a load cell senses the tension on the web at the measuring roll and generates a signal which is compared with an ideal desired tensioning signal for generating a difference signal.
  • the difference signal is then utilized to control the web pressure and hence the web tension, and to bring the web tension into accord with the desired tension.
  • An initial slow run of the web is provided with the adjusted nip pressure being recorded on a chart as a function of the instantaneous diameter of the web roll.
  • the chart or program thus produced is then used at high speeds in subsequent winding operations to directly control the nip pressure and hence the web tension.
  • the field of art to which this invention pertains is a web winding machine and in particular to a means for measuring and controlling the web tension during the winding of a web on a roll and to automatically feed nip pressure information to a nip control device in accordance with an optimum pressure schedule.
  • FIG. I is a diagrammatic illustration of a web winding machine in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a diagrammatic illustration of another embodiment of a web winding machine utilizing the features of the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic illustration showing the high speed operation of the web winding machine of FIG. 1 utilizing a tape program control in accordance with the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic illustration of the web winding machine of FIG. 2 as employed during subsequent high speed winding operations.
  • a web winding machine includes a driver roll 10 and a web roll 11. Means are provided to rotate the driver roll 10 in the direction indicated by the arrow 12, and such a rotation causes an opposite rotation of the web roll 11 as indicated by the arrow 13.
  • the web roll 11 is carried on a core 14 which in turn is slidably movable on parallel rails 15.
  • the core 14 is initially a blank about which a web is wound. As the diameter of the resulting roll increases, the roll 14 slides along the rail 15 while continually bearing against the driver roll 10.
  • a web 16 is passed over the upper portion 17 of the driver roll 10 and passes between the rolls l0 and l l at a nip 18. The web then wraps about the roll 11 and continues to do so until the diameter of the roll 11 has increased to the proper size whereupon the fed web is severed, and pick-up means are provided to remove the roll 11 and insert a substitute blank core. The severed web is then reapplied to the surface of the new core, and the winding operation repeats.
  • the web 16 passes between the nip l8 and is wound tightly about substantially 360 of the roll 11.
  • the web 16 passes between the nip 18 and continues as at 19 to be wound about a measuring roll 20 and a further tuming roll 21 to be subsequently wrapped about the web roll 11 at a contact line 22.
  • the extension of the web 16 as at 19 from the nip 18 to the contact line 22 may be said to be a continuous loop. This loop provides a means for measuring the tension on the web roll 11.
  • the tension of the web on the web roll 11 will be a function of several factors such as the type of paper involved, the relative diameters of the driving drum and the web roll and most importantly of the nip pressure between the rolls. It has been found that by properly varying the nip pressure, the tension on the web at the region 19 can be adequately controlled to produce the desired winding function.
  • the nip pressure between the rolls and 11 is developed by means of a loading arm 23 which has an end face 24 which acts directly on the core 14 to bias the web roll 11 into surface engagement with the winder drum 10.
  • the loading arm 23 is pivoted at a base 25 and is loaded into the biasing condition by means of an air spring 26 or the like.
  • nip pressure varies as a function of diameter of the web roll 11.
  • desired loading of the web roll 11 varies as a function of the quality and thickness of the web material 16 being wound.
  • nip pressure varies not only as a function of winding diameter, but also as a function of web type material, it would be highly desirable to find a means to automatically program the nip pressure for each type web as the diameter of the wind increases.
  • Such a means is provided in the present invention in the form of a means for measuring and simultaneously controlling the nip pressure for each web type matter, and at the same time registering the amount of control required in accordance with the revolution rate of the winding operation.
  • a load cell 27 is secured by means of a coupling 28 to the measuring roll 20.
  • the web in the region 19 is wrapped about the measuring roll 20 such that the portion 19 and a further portion 29 are substantially parallel whereby the angle of wrap about the measuring roll 20 is substantially constant, and whereby maximum sensitivity to web tension is achieved for the load cell 27.
  • the load cell 27 generates a signal which is proportional to the instantaneous tension on the web in the region 19.
  • the signal is coupled by means of a line 30 to a preset device 31.
  • the preset device 31 is a difference or error signal generator which generates a signal which is the difference between the input or load cell signal and a preset signal as indicated by the arrow 32.
  • Information is fed into the preset device'31 at the input 32 which reflects the desired tension of the web in the region 19 as a function of the diameter of the roll 11.
  • This preset or desired signal is compared to the actual or instantaneous signal as developed by the load cell 27 and is fed to a proportional band or circuit integrating device 33 via a coupling line 34.
  • the integral of the signal as received from the device 33 is fed to the air motor 26 or the like to control the loading pressure of the loading arm 23 on the core 14.
  • the combination of the measuring roll 20, the load cell 27, the error signal generator 31 and the transducer 26 comprise a closed loop system for sensing, comparing, and correcting the loading of the rolls l0 and 11.
  • the adjusted nip pressure signal as applied to the transducer is also applied via a coupling 35 to a tape punch station 36.
  • a standard tape punch 37 then records along its continuously moving surface, the nip pressure required to be applied to the transducer 26 to produce the desired web tension in the region 19.
  • means are provided to register on the tape, information which reflects and registers the amount of feed of the web 16 which has taken place at any instance of time.
  • a revolution counter 38 is provided to sense the number of revolutions of the driving drum l6 and to feed the counted output through a line 39 to the tape punch station 36.
  • the tape 37 will have applied to the surface thereof information which reflects the nip pressure required to produce the desired web tensioning as a function of the number of revolutions and hence of the diameter of the web roll
  • charts could be made of the nip pressure using an x-y recorder. This would produce 'a visual indication of variations in nip pressure. The charts could be then used with a curve follower to reproduce the required nip pressure during subsequent runs.
  • the above described measuring and recording operation is intended to be utilized only in connection with an initial run of a new type of web material.
  • the above described measuring and recording operation is intended to be utilized only in connection with an initial run of a new type of web material.
  • the entire winding operation may be operated at a substantially lower than normal speed to assure the proper operation of the control parameters.
  • the tape 37 is programmed, the measuring function can be eliminated, and the program tape can be utilized to directly control the loading of the transducer 26, and the winding machine may be operated at a substantially higher winding speed.
  • FIG. 3 The high speed winding operation for the web winding machine of FIG. 1 is shown in FIG. 3.
  • the load cell 27 and preset device 31 along with the proportional device 33 have been eliminated.
  • the tape 37 is then fed into a tape playback device 40 where the recorded information is transposed into a pressure signal 41 for controlling the loading of the transducer 26.
  • the feed of the tape 37 is controlled into the tape playback device 40 by means of a revolution counter 42 which generates a signal at a coupling line 43 indicative of the revolution count of the winder drum 10.
  • the tape 37 is fed a discrete distance into the tape playback device 40, and the loading signal is generated for controlling the loading of the transducer 26 to affect the nip pressure and hence the web tension on the surface of the web roll 11. It is noted that the web 16 is wound continuously about the web roll 11, and the loop as indicated at 19in FIG. 1 is no longer required.
  • FIG. 2 An alternate embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 2 wherein a web roll 44 is driven by a pair of driver drums 45 and 46.
  • a web 47 passes around the rolls 45 and 46 and forms a pair of nips at 48 and 49, respectively.
  • the web 47 passes as at 48 around a measuring roll 49a and against the inner surface of a turning roll 50 to be wrapped about the outer surface of the web roll 44.
  • the turning roll is disposed to maintain substantial parallel relationship between the approaching and unrolling portions of the web.
  • a load cell 50 is coupled to the roll 49a and generates an output signal at 51 which is in turn fed to an error or difference signal generator 52.
  • An input 53 is also fed to the difference signal generator 52 and reflects the desired tensioning schedule for the web 47 in the region 48 as a function of changing diameter of the web roll 44.
  • a difference signal is generated at the output 54 of the difference signal generator 52 and is fed to a controller or integrator 55 which integrates the signal and applies the same through a line 56 to a loading device 57 for a rider roll 58.
  • the loading device 57 controls the nip pressure developed between the rolls 45, 46 and the web roll 44.
  • the signal which is utilized to actuate the loading device 57 is also coupled through a line 59 to a program recorder 60 which records on an X-y recorder or the like the continuous applied loading information as a function of the changing diameter of the web roll 44.
  • the program or revolution count information may be fed into the program recorder 60 at an input 61.
  • the information 61 may be either as a function of the number of revolutions of one of the drums 44, 45 or 46 or may be a function of the total linear footage travel of the moving web 47. Regardless, it is only necessary that means be provided in the program recorder for registering the loading information of the loader 57 in accordance with the increasing diameter of the roll 44.
  • the web winding machine of FIG. 2 may be subsequently utilized at higher speeds as shown in FIG. 4.
  • a program playback 62 is utilized to develop a signal at a coupling line 63 which reflects the recorded loading information and to playback the information in accordance with a specific drum program as provided by a program device 64.
  • the program device 64 may be any device which gears the playback of the loading information in accordance with the travel of the moving web 47, as, for instance, in the case of the use of the revolution counter in FIGS. 1 and 3.
  • the information thus played back is used to control the loading device 57 which in turn regulates the loading of the rider roll 58 and controls the nips 48 and 49 between the web roll 44 and the two driver drums 45 and 46.
  • the method of controlling the wound-in tension on a web winding machine comprising the steps of: driving a web roll into a rotary motion with another roll, thereby forming a nip between the driving and driven rolls, passing a web between the nip and around the web roll, forming a loop of web material intermediate the nip and the initial line of wrap of the web about the web roll, measuring the instantaneous tension on the winding web within said loop, comparing the measured tension with a desired tension for the winding web, and integrating the difference between the instantaneous measured tension and the desired tension and utilizing the integrated difference tension to regulate the nip pressure between the driving and driven drums to stabilize the actual web tension at the desired tension for the winding web.
  • the recorded nip pressure to directly adjust the nip pressure between the driving and driven drums.
  • a wound-in tension control device comprising:
  • sensing means for monitoring the tension applied to the measuring roll by the moving web, and control means for adjusting the nip pressure in accordance with the deviation of the output of said sensing means from a prescheduled norm.
  • a wound-in tension control device in accordance with claim 3 wherein a turning roll is positioned against the web to urge the portion of the web leaving the measuring roll into a path which is substantially parallel to the path of the web approaching the measuring roll whereby the sensitivity of said sensing means is maximized for detecting variations in the tension of the web.
  • a preset device for generating a prescheduled signal indicative of the desired loading of the measuring roll by the moving web
  • actuator means utilizing the output of the difference signal generator to regulate nip pressure between the winder drum and the web roll.
  • a web winding machine comprising:
  • load sensing means coupled to the measuring roll and generating a signal indicative of the tension of the web on the measuring roll, control means, means for presetting a signal into the control means indicative of the instantaneous desired tensioning of the web on the measuring roll,
  • control means generating an error signal indicative of the deviation of the output of said load sensing means from said preset signal
  • transducer means utilizing said error signal to adjust the nip pressure between the winder drum and web roll.
  • transducer means comprises a rider roll and means responsive to said error signal for urging said rider roll against the surface of the web roll to regulate the nip pressure between the winder drum and the web roll.
  • a web winding machine comprising:
  • said web having a loop formed intermediate the nip and the initial point of wrap of the web on the web roll for being wound on said web roll and then returning through said nip, the path of the web from the loop to and around the web roll being free of any additional nips,
  • load sensing means coupled to the measuring roll and generating a signal indicative of the tension of the web on the measuring roll
  • control means generating an error signal indicative of the deviation of the output of said load sensing means from said preset signal
  • gprogram recorder means rrst ransducer means utilizing said error signal to adjust the nip pressure between the winder drum and the web roll,

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  • Controlling Rewinding, Feeding, Winding, Or Abnormalities Of Webs (AREA)
US884519A 1969-12-12 1969-12-12 Measuring and controlling wound-in tension for web winding machines Expired - Lifetime US3687388A (en)

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US88451969A 1969-12-12 1969-12-12

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Cited By (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3858820A (en) * 1973-09-27 1975-01-07 Beloit Corp Double drum winder
DE2541945A1 (de) * 1975-08-08 1977-02-17 Hiroshi Kataoka Verfahren und vorrichtung zum steuern des beruehrungsdrucks der kontaktwalze einer haspel zum aufwickeln von bahnmaterial
US4150797A (en) * 1975-08-08 1979-04-24 Hiroshi Kataoka Method and device for controlling contact pressure on touch roller in sheet winder
US4458853A (en) * 1980-07-18 1984-07-10 Jagenberg Ag Apparatus for the separate winding of slit webs
US4496112A (en) * 1982-04-01 1985-01-29 Asea Aktiebolag Method of controlling a web winding process
US4535950A (en) * 1984-01-13 1985-08-20 International Paper Company Method and apparatus for roll winding measurement
DE3347733A1 (de) * 1983-12-31 1985-11-07 Lenze GmbH & Co KG Aerzen, 3258 Aerzen Kontaktwalzensteuerung fuer aufwickelvorrichtung
US4572451A (en) * 1982-12-27 1986-02-25 Ishikawajima-Harima Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Method and device for winding paper
DE3430537A1 (de) * 1984-08-18 1986-04-17 Kurt 7410 Reutlingen Schramm Verfahren und einrichtung zur regulierung der spannung einer bewegten materialbahn
US4697755A (en) * 1984-08-27 1987-10-06 Hiroshi Kataoka Rewinder with slitter
DE3627463A1 (de) * 1986-08-13 1988-02-18 Smg Stahlkontor Maschinenbau G Vorrichtung zum regeln bzw. steuern einer kontaktwalze
US4742968A (en) * 1986-05-07 1988-05-10 Young Engineering, Inc. Beam winder and method of using same
US5022597A (en) * 1989-09-27 1991-06-11 Krantz America, Inc. Sheet winding apparatus
US5257748A (en) * 1989-09-27 1993-11-02 Krantz America, Inc. Sheet winding apparatus
EP0626313A1 (en) * 1993-04-28 1994-11-30 OTEM OFFICINA TECNOMECCANICA ESECUZIONI E MONTAGGI S.r.l. Device for feeding a packeting film
EP0593946A3 (en) * 1992-10-19 1995-11-02 Windmoeller & Hoelscher Web winding device
EP0631954A3 (en) * 1993-06-30 1996-04-03 Valmet Paper Machinery Inc Method of drum winding a tape and drum winder.
EP0631956A3 (en) * 1993-06-30 1996-04-03 Valmet Paper Machinery Inc Drum winder.
US5535627A (en) * 1994-01-14 1996-07-16 The Board Of Regents Of Oklahoma State University Roll structure acoustic gage and method
US5611500A (en) * 1992-05-29 1997-03-18 Beloit Technologies, Inc. Reel wound roll load sensing arrangement
US5791583A (en) * 1995-02-06 1998-08-11 Alexander Machinery, Inc. Cloth takeup control apparatus and method
US5918830A (en) * 1997-02-13 1999-07-06 Valmet Corporation Reeling device and method in reeling of a paper web or equivalent
WO1999042392A1 (en) * 1998-02-17 1999-08-26 Valmet Corporation Method and apparatus in reeling of a web
US6036137A (en) * 1998-12-17 2000-03-14 Valmet-Karlstad Ab Apparatus and method for winding paper
WO2001098188A1 (en) * 2000-06-22 2001-12-27 Metso Paper, Inc. Method and device in a change in reeling up of a paper web
US6705561B2 (en) * 2001-01-22 2004-03-16 Andritz Ag Process and device for continuous reeling of a pulp sheet
US6923400B2 (en) * 2001-01-22 2005-08-02 Andritz Ag Process and device for continuous reeling of a pulp sheet
EP2415701A3 (de) * 2010-08-06 2012-05-09 Voith Patent GmbH Verfahren zum Aufwickeln einer Materialbahn und Rollenschneidvorrichtung
CN112173803A (zh) * 2020-10-30 2021-01-05 南京广文宪商贸有限公司 一种基于智能生产的出卷稳定的纺织收卷装置

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3217331A (en) * 1959-05-18 1965-11-09 Kearney & Trecker Corp Method of recording a control program
US3239161A (en) * 1963-12-31 1966-03-08 Orville V Dutro Rollstand drive
US3346209A (en) * 1965-09-17 1967-10-10 Beloit Corp Winder

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS4320431Y1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1965-12-20 1968-08-28

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3217331A (en) * 1959-05-18 1965-11-09 Kearney & Trecker Corp Method of recording a control program
US3239161A (en) * 1963-12-31 1966-03-08 Orville V Dutro Rollstand drive
US3346209A (en) * 1965-09-17 1967-10-10 Beloit Corp Winder

Cited By (31)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3858820A (en) * 1973-09-27 1975-01-07 Beloit Corp Double drum winder
DE2541945A1 (de) * 1975-08-08 1977-02-17 Hiroshi Kataoka Verfahren und vorrichtung zum steuern des beruehrungsdrucks der kontaktwalze einer haspel zum aufwickeln von bahnmaterial
US4150797A (en) * 1975-08-08 1979-04-24 Hiroshi Kataoka Method and device for controlling contact pressure on touch roller in sheet winder
US4458853A (en) * 1980-07-18 1984-07-10 Jagenberg Ag Apparatus for the separate winding of slit webs
US4496112A (en) * 1982-04-01 1985-01-29 Asea Aktiebolag Method of controlling a web winding process
US4572451A (en) * 1982-12-27 1986-02-25 Ishikawajima-Harima Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Method and device for winding paper
DE3347733A1 (de) * 1983-12-31 1985-11-07 Lenze GmbH & Co KG Aerzen, 3258 Aerzen Kontaktwalzensteuerung fuer aufwickelvorrichtung
US4535950A (en) * 1984-01-13 1985-08-20 International Paper Company Method and apparatus for roll winding measurement
DE3430537A1 (de) * 1984-08-18 1986-04-17 Kurt 7410 Reutlingen Schramm Verfahren und einrichtung zur regulierung der spannung einer bewegten materialbahn
US4697755A (en) * 1984-08-27 1987-10-06 Hiroshi Kataoka Rewinder with slitter
US4742968A (en) * 1986-05-07 1988-05-10 Young Engineering, Inc. Beam winder and method of using same
DE3627463A1 (de) * 1986-08-13 1988-02-18 Smg Stahlkontor Maschinenbau G Vorrichtung zum regeln bzw. steuern einer kontaktwalze
US5022597A (en) * 1989-09-27 1991-06-11 Krantz America, Inc. Sheet winding apparatus
US5257748A (en) * 1989-09-27 1993-11-02 Krantz America, Inc. Sheet winding apparatus
US5611500A (en) * 1992-05-29 1997-03-18 Beloit Technologies, Inc. Reel wound roll load sensing arrangement
EP0593946A3 (en) * 1992-10-19 1995-11-02 Windmoeller & Hoelscher Web winding device
EP0626313A1 (en) * 1993-04-28 1994-11-30 OTEM OFFICINA TECNOMECCANICA ESECUZIONI E MONTAGGI S.r.l. Device for feeding a packeting film
EP0631954A3 (en) * 1993-06-30 1996-04-03 Valmet Paper Machinery Inc Method of drum winding a tape and drum winder.
EP0631956A3 (en) * 1993-06-30 1996-04-03 Valmet Paper Machinery Inc Drum winder.
US5535627A (en) * 1994-01-14 1996-07-16 The Board Of Regents Of Oklahoma State University Roll structure acoustic gage and method
US5791583A (en) * 1995-02-06 1998-08-11 Alexander Machinery, Inc. Cloth takeup control apparatus and method
US5918830A (en) * 1997-02-13 1999-07-06 Valmet Corporation Reeling device and method in reeling of a paper web or equivalent
US6629659B1 (en) 1998-02-17 2003-10-07 Metso Paper, Inc. Method and apparatus for measuring web tension profile to control the reeling of a web
WO1999042392A1 (en) * 1998-02-17 1999-08-26 Valmet Corporation Method and apparatus in reeling of a web
US6036137A (en) * 1998-12-17 2000-03-14 Valmet-Karlstad Ab Apparatus and method for winding paper
WO2001098188A1 (en) * 2000-06-22 2001-12-27 Metso Paper, Inc. Method and device in a change in reeling up of a paper web
US6705561B2 (en) * 2001-01-22 2004-03-16 Andritz Ag Process and device for continuous reeling of a pulp sheet
US6923400B2 (en) * 2001-01-22 2005-08-02 Andritz Ag Process and device for continuous reeling of a pulp sheet
EP2415701A3 (de) * 2010-08-06 2012-05-09 Voith Patent GmbH Verfahren zum Aufwickeln einer Materialbahn und Rollenschneidvorrichtung
CN112173803A (zh) * 2020-10-30 2021-01-05 南京广文宪商贸有限公司 一种基于智能生产的出卷稳定的纺织收卷装置
CN112173803B (zh) * 2020-10-30 2021-07-30 南通德和布业有限公司 一种基于智能生产的出卷稳定的纺织收卷装置

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Publication number Publication date
JPS519108B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1976-03-24

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