US3681966A - Forging machine - Google Patents

Forging machine Download PDF

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Publication number
US3681966A
US3681966A US98750A US3681966DA US3681966A US 3681966 A US3681966 A US 3681966A US 98750 A US98750 A US 98750A US 3681966D A US3681966D A US 3681966DA US 3681966 A US3681966 A US 3681966A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
rams
piston pumps
axis
pump
forging
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US98750A
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English (en)
Inventor
Bruno Kralowetz
Othmar Heimel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
GFM Gesellschaft fuer Fertigungstechnik und Maschinenbau AG
Original Assignee
GFM Gesellschaft fuer Fertigungstechnik und Maschinenbau AG
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Filing date
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Application filed by GFM Gesellschaft fuer Fertigungstechnik und Maschinenbau AG filed Critical GFM Gesellschaft fuer Fertigungstechnik und Maschinenbau AG
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3681966A publication Critical patent/US3681966A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J7/00—Hammers; Forging machines with hammers or die jaws acting by impact
    • B21J7/02—Special design or construction
    • B21J7/14—Forging machines working with several hammers

Definitions

  • Each ram has two working hydraulic actuator pistons for moving the ram in -a working stroke, and a single retracting hydraulic actuator piston for retracting the ram.
  • Two pump units are provided, one opposite the other, on opposite side of the machine. Each pump unit services two rams, one from each of the two pairs of rams, in order that the rams may be simultaneously driven in working and retracting strokes to forge a workpiece being fed along the workpiece feeding axis.
  • HGENT FORGING MACHINE This invention relates to a forging machine which comprises four forging rams which are angularly spaced 90 apart, or two mutually opposite forging rams, which rams extend and are displaceable radially with respect to the axis of the workpiece and at their end carry shaping tools and are movable by means of hydraulic actuators.
  • Such forging machines are mainly intended for shaping workpieces having large dimensions in cross-section and consisting of such materials that it is difl'rcult to roll them directly from the ingot.
  • the shaping of such workpieces gives rise to high torques so that the members of the drive means of the known and welltried forging machines which are mechanically driven must be so large and strong that the manufacture of the machine would not be economical.
  • a forging machine isknown in which the shaping tools are hydraulically driven. These tools are directly secured to the four forging rams formed by the pistons or piston rods of the hydraulic actuators and the working stroke is derived from four pump pistons, which are rigidly connected and disposed one beside the other and mounted on another reciprocating piston or the like and which are movable in cylinders communicating with those cylinder chambers of the actuators which are remote from the workpiece. Retracting ac- .under pressure from respective accumulators. That known machine has various disadvantages. Because the pump pistons associated with all four actuators are disposed adjacent to each other, some of the conduits which connect the pump cylinders and the cylinders of the actuators must be relatively long.
  • each of the forging rams which form also the pistons or piston rods of the hydraulic actuators is provided with only one sliding guide, which is disposed between he pistons and the workpiece. Because the lines of action of the forces which occur are not always exactly aligned with the axis of the piston or ram, a canting and at least an increased wear in the cylinders of the hydraulic actuators may result.
  • each forging ram is provided with two spaced apart sliding guides and at least two hydraulic actuators for the working movement, which actuators are uniformly spaced around the axis of the ram, and an axial retracting hydraulic actuator
  • the hydraulic actuators of each pair of directly adjacent forging rams have associated with them a pump unit, which is secured to the machine housing and comprises two large piston pumps having a relatively large effective piston area,- two small piston pumps and two eccentric shafts rotating in synchronism, each of said eccentric shafts being connected by an elliptic chuck or the like to a large piston pump and a small piston pump which is coaxial with and disposed opposite to said large piston pump, said large piston pumps supplying pressure fluid to said actuators for the working movement and said small piston pumps supplying pressure fluid to the retracting actuators.
  • each forging ram is provided with two sliding guides which are spaced a suitable distance apart, all forces can be taken up satisfactorily and canting or the like can beavoided. Since the working movement is imparted to the rams by actuators which are uniformly spaced around the axis of the ram, no torque is developed by the forces transmitted from the actuators to the rams.
  • a pump unit is associated with each pair of directly adjacent forging rams and the actuators for these rams, said pump unit may be secured to the machine housing very close to the actuators so that the conduits which connect the pump cylinders to the cylinder chambers of the actuators are as short as possible, the liquid cushions are relatively small, and oscillations or the like in the hydraulic systems are substantially avoided.
  • the forging machine has a simple, compact and clearly arranged structure.
  • the working stroke is derived from the two large piston pumps which are connected to the actuators for the working movement of the rams whereas the small piston pumps serve to retract the pistons so that accumulators are not needed for this purpose.
  • the retracting actuator may be coaxial with the associated ram because the retracting stroke requires only much smaller forces and the forging reaction forces need not be allowed in this stroke.
  • the pistons of these pumps will move in phase opposition so that the pressure stroke of one pump piston and the suction stroke of the other pump piston will be necessarily performed at the same time, the supply of pressure fluid to the actuators will be properly timed in a simple manner, and it is sufficient to supply pressure fluid to only one end of each piston of all actuators.
  • the arrangement may be such that the larger of the two piston pumps driven by a common eccentric is associated with the actuator for the working movement of one forging ram and the smaller of these two pumps is associated with the retracting actuator of the adjacent forging ram so that the connecting conduits are further reduced in length. It will be understood that in machines comprising four forging rams the two pump units will be synchronized or have a common drive means.
  • a desirable and space-saving design of the pump unit will be obtained if the piston pumps thereof are arranged so that a larger piston pump and a smaller one are disposed one beside the other with parallel axes and the eccentrics of the two parallel eccentric shafts are relatively displaced in phase so that the supply of pressure fluid to the actuators is properly timed.
  • FIG. 1 is a partly sectional view showing an overallmachine
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged sectional view showing the pump unit and taken on line lIIl in FIG. 1.
  • a forging housing 1 comprises four forging rams 3, 3a, 4, 4a, which carry shaping tools 5 at their ends.
  • the rams extend radially with respect to a workpiece axis 2 and are angularly spaced 90 apart and inclined by an angle of 45 from the horizontal.
  • Each of the forging rams 3, 3a, 4, 4a carries at its end face a shaping tool 5 and is provided with two sliding guides 6, 7 which are considerably spaced apart.
  • the forging rams are held against rotation, of course.
  • Each forging ram is connected to two hydraulic actuators 8, which are symmetrically disposed with respect to the axis of the ram. It will be understood that hydraulic actuators may be provided in a larger number and uniformly spaced around the axis of the ram.
  • actuators 8 impart to the forging rams 3, 3a, 4, 4a the working movement, i.e., the stroke of the ram toward the workpiece.
  • the rams are retracted from the workpiece by retracting actuators 9. Pressure is supplied only to one end of each of the actuators 8 and 9.
  • the actuators 8, 9 for each pair of directly adjacent forging rams 3, 3a or 4, 4a are associated with a pump unit 10, 11, which is secured to the side of the machine housing 1.
  • Each of these units 10, 11 comprises two large piston pumps 12, 120, which have a relatively large piston area, two small piston pumps 13, 13a, and two parallel eccentric shafts 14, 15, whose eccentrics l6, 17 are displaced 180 in phase but may be driven in synchronism by a common spur gear train 18.
  • the eccentrics 16, 17 are surrounded by links 18 of elliptic chucks having spiders 19, in which the links are slidable and which are directly connected to the pump pistons.
  • the cylinder chamber of the piston pump 12 is connected by two conduits 20 to the actuators 8 for the ram 3.
  • the cylinder chamber of the piston pump 13a is connected by a conduit 21 to the retracting actuator 9 for the ram 30.
  • a conduit 22 extends from the retracting actuator 9 for the ram 3 to the piston pump 13.
  • the piston pump 12a supplies pressure fluid to the hydraulic actuators 8 for imparting a working movement to the ram 3a.
  • the working movement of the rams 3, 3a is derived from the large piston pumps 12, 13a and the retracting movements of these rams are derived from the small piston pumps 13, 13a.
  • the arrangement is such that the conduits from the piston pumps to the hydraulic actuators are as short as possible and the supply of pressure fluid to these actuators is properly timed.
  • the pump unit 11 supplies pressure fluid to the hydraulic actuators for the rams 4, 4a.
  • the two units 10, 11 are operated in synchronism or have a common drive shaft 23.
  • any transverse or tilting or twisting forces which may be due to an eccentric action of force on the shaping tools 5 are withhold from the sensitive actuators 8. Only when the forging rams perform a transverse movement owing to the inevitable play in the guide are the corresponding pistons slightly canted; this canting can be taken into account by a carnbered shape of the pistons and the provision of a floating seal preventing a leakage of oil at the piston rod. With this arrangement, the machine will operate reliably even when the sliding guides 6, 7 have suffered substantial wear. All hydraulic means are desirably disposed outside the range in which they would be subjected to the action of heat from the incandescent workpiece.
  • the sliding guides for the rams may be lubricated with heavybodied oil independently of the hydraulic system.
  • the forging machine need not essentially comprise four forging rams because only two forging rams, which are disposed diametrically opposite to each other, may be suflicient in some cases.
  • a forging machine which comprises a machine housing defining a feeding path for a workpiece, which feeding path has an axis,
  • each of said rams having an inner end which faces said axis and carries a shaping tool, the rams of each pair being directly angularly adjacent to each other,
  • each of which sets is associated with one of said rams and comprises a plurality of actuators uniformly angularly spaced around the associated ram and operable to impart said working stroke thereto,
  • retracting hydraulic actuators each of which is associated with one of 4 said rams and operable to impart said retracting stroke to said ram
  • pump means comprising for each of said pairs of rams a pump unit, which is secured to said machine housing laterally of said axis and comprises two large piston pumps, two small piston pumps having a smaller piston area than said large piston pumps, each of said large piston pumps being coaxial with and disposed opposite to one of said small piston pumps, and two eccentric shafts, each of which is operatively connected to one of said large piston pumps and to the small piston pump which is coaxial with and disposed opposite to said one large piston pump,
  • conduit means for supplying pressure fluid from each of said large piston pumps to said working actuators associated with one of said rams of the associated pair, and from each of said small pumps to said retracting actuator associated with one of said rams of the associated pair.
  • each of said eccentric shafts carries an eccentric

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Press Drives And Press Lines (AREA)
US98750A 1969-12-30 1970-12-16 Forging machine Expired - Lifetime US3681966A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT1209369A AT290255B (de) 1969-12-30 1969-12-30 Schmiedemaschine

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3681966A true US3681966A (en) 1972-08-08

Family

ID=3632238

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US98750A Expired - Lifetime US3681966A (en) 1969-12-30 1970-12-16 Forging machine

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US3681966A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
JP (1) JPS4946694B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
AT (1) AT290255B (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE2055592A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2072109B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1276415A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3916667A (en) * 1973-02-10 1975-11-04 Hans Joachim Paknke Forging machines
US4635351A (en) * 1983-06-01 1987-01-13 Motorola, Inc. Method and machine for providing alternator pole pieces
US4674171A (en) * 1984-04-20 1987-06-23 Lor, Inc. Heavy wall drill pipe and method of manufacture of heavy wall drill pipe
US4745793A (en) * 1986-03-08 1988-05-24 Pahnke Engineering Gmbh & Co. Kg Hydraulically driven forging machine
US4771811A (en) * 1984-04-20 1988-09-20 Lor, Inc. Heavy wall drill pipe and method of manufacture of heavy wall drill pipe
US5313816A (en) * 1991-12-30 1994-05-24 Sms Hasenclever Gmbh Forging machine with stroke adjustment means
US5732588A (en) * 1994-12-24 1998-03-31 Pahnke Engineering Gmbh & Co. K.G. Double press
US20120266642A1 (en) * 2009-10-06 2012-10-25 Ernst Schardt Forming machine for forging, in particular, stretch-forging, workpieces
CN104624908A (zh) * 2014-12-23 2015-05-20 芜湖新兴铸管有限责任公司 径锻机和锻打方法
US9365008B1 (en) * 2012-09-28 2016-06-14 Michael Kenneth Walker Actuating device

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0228658B1 (de) * 1986-01-02 1991-03-27 SMS Hasenclever GmbH Schmiedemaschine
DE3803632A1 (de) * 1988-02-06 1989-08-17 Eumuco Ag Fuer Maschinenbau Mehr-stoessel-schmiedemaschine
IT1236369B (it) * 1989-12-13 1993-02-25 Danieli Off Mecc Gruppo idraulico azionamento presse forgiatrici.
RU2241565C1 (ru) * 2003-04-08 2004-12-10 Бодров Валерий Владимирович Пульсаторный гидропривод радиально-ковочной машины
RU2446906C1 (ru) * 2010-10-18 2012-04-10 Открытое Акционерное Общество "Тяжпрессмаш" Четырехбойковое ковочное устройство
CN112893735B (zh) * 2021-01-20 2023-02-28 段维新 一种多方位同步冲压成型锻造机

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US443030A (en) * 1890-12-16 Pneumatic tool
US1206193A (en) * 1915-11-03 1916-11-28 Ralph E Bates Pneumatic power-hammer.
US2002289A (en) * 1934-03-19 1935-05-21 William H Hancock Nut cracking machine
US2182663A (en) * 1938-02-19 1939-12-05 Gen Electric Hydraulic press for electric cables and method of utilizing the same
US2203956A (en) * 1937-05-22 1940-06-11 Clark Equipment Co Apparatus for reducing tubular blanks
US3372570A (en) * 1963-05-31 1968-03-12 Henry J. Mansell Hydraulic tool
US3375931A (en) * 1965-09-27 1968-04-02 Duluth Filter Co Disposable fluid filter element
US3451249A (en) * 1966-10-10 1969-06-24 Wilfred J Sharon Forming machine

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US443030A (en) * 1890-12-16 Pneumatic tool
US1206193A (en) * 1915-11-03 1916-11-28 Ralph E Bates Pneumatic power-hammer.
US2002289A (en) * 1934-03-19 1935-05-21 William H Hancock Nut cracking machine
US2203956A (en) * 1937-05-22 1940-06-11 Clark Equipment Co Apparatus for reducing tubular blanks
US2182663A (en) * 1938-02-19 1939-12-05 Gen Electric Hydraulic press for electric cables and method of utilizing the same
US3372570A (en) * 1963-05-31 1968-03-12 Henry J. Mansell Hydraulic tool
US3375931A (en) * 1965-09-27 1968-04-02 Duluth Filter Co Disposable fluid filter element
US3451249A (en) * 1966-10-10 1969-06-24 Wilfred J Sharon Forming machine

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3916667A (en) * 1973-02-10 1975-11-04 Hans Joachim Paknke Forging machines
US4635351A (en) * 1983-06-01 1987-01-13 Motorola, Inc. Method and machine for providing alternator pole pieces
US4674171A (en) * 1984-04-20 1987-06-23 Lor, Inc. Heavy wall drill pipe and method of manufacture of heavy wall drill pipe
US4771811A (en) * 1984-04-20 1988-09-20 Lor, Inc. Heavy wall drill pipe and method of manufacture of heavy wall drill pipe
US4745793A (en) * 1986-03-08 1988-05-24 Pahnke Engineering Gmbh & Co. Kg Hydraulically driven forging machine
US5313816A (en) * 1991-12-30 1994-05-24 Sms Hasenclever Gmbh Forging machine with stroke adjustment means
US5732588A (en) * 1994-12-24 1998-03-31 Pahnke Engineering Gmbh & Co. K.G. Double press
US20120266642A1 (en) * 2009-10-06 2012-10-25 Ernst Schardt Forming machine for forging, in particular, stretch-forging, workpieces
US9457393B2 (en) * 2009-10-06 2016-10-04 Langenstein & Schemann Gmbh Forming machine for forging, in particular, stretch-forging, workpieces
US9365008B1 (en) * 2012-09-28 2016-06-14 Michael Kenneth Walker Actuating device
CN104624908A (zh) * 2014-12-23 2015-05-20 芜湖新兴铸管有限责任公司 径锻机和锻打方法
CN104624908B (zh) * 2014-12-23 2017-06-30 芜湖新兴铸管有限责任公司 径锻机和锻打方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS4946694B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-12-11
GB1276415A (en) 1972-06-01
FR2072109A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-09-24
DE2055592A1 (de) 1971-07-15
FR2072109B1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1974-02-15
AT290255B (de) 1971-05-25

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