US3680793A - Eccentric spiral swirl chamber nozzle - Google Patents

Eccentric spiral swirl chamber nozzle Download PDF

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Publication number
US3680793A
US3680793A US87793A US3680793DA US3680793A US 3680793 A US3680793 A US 3680793A US 87793 A US87793 A US 87793A US 3680793D A US3680793D A US 3680793DA US 3680793 A US3680793 A US 3680793A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
spiral
swirl chamber
spray
orifice
chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US87793A
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English (en)
Inventor
Roger W Tate
Richard L Wilcox
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Delavan Manufacturing Co
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Delavan Manufacturing Co
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Publication date
Application filed by Delavan Manufacturing Co filed Critical Delavan Manufacturing Co
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/34—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl
    • B05B1/3405—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl
    • B05B1/341—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet
    • B05B1/3494—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet the discharge outlet being not on the axis of the swirl chamber
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/34—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl
    • B05B1/3405—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl
    • B05B1/341—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet
    • B05B1/3421—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber
    • B05B1/3431—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber the channels being formed at the interface of cooperating elements, e.g. by means of grooves
    • B05B1/3436—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to influence the nature of flow of the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. to produce swirl to produce swirl before discharging the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. in a swirl chamber upstream the spray outlet with channels emerging substantially tangentially in the swirl chamber the channels being formed at the interface of cooperating elements, e.g. by means of grooves the interface being a plane perpendicular to the outlet axis
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/162—Means to impart a whirling motion to fuel upstream or near discharging orifices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details
    • F23D11/38—Nozzles; Cleaning devices therefor
    • F23D11/383—Nozzles; Cleaning devices therefor with swirl means

Definitions

  • Fluid nozzles or atomizers having centrifugal swirl chambers upstream of the spray-orifice have been employed in the past in various uses, including spray drying, aeration, cooling, and fuel injection.
  • One form of swirl chamber which has been employed is a single inlet circular swirl chamber.
  • Such circular chamber devices suffer the principal disadvantage of poor spray distribution or patternation, since the axis of rotation of the fluid in the circular swirl chamber will be displaced somewhat during use from the geometric center of the circular chamber.
  • this spiral swirl chamber approach is effective to provide a spray patternation of satisfactory quality even for the more discriminating uses, so long as the swirl chamber is of relatively large size, for example on the order of 0.30 inch or larger maximum spiral radius.
  • the spray patternation quality is still unacceptable particularly for the more discriminating uses of the nozzle, since the patternation quality, even of the spiral swirl chamber devices,
  • the patternation index which is a measure of the distribution pattern quality of the nozzle, generally deteriorates to the point that the spiral
  • the spiral origin of the spiral swirl chamber and the spray orifice are eccentrically offset relative to each other.- It has been found that if the spray orifice and the spiral origin of the spiral swirl chamber are eccentrically offset from each other that not only is spray pattemation somewhat improved in the larger forms of spiral swirl chamber devices, but also that the spray patternation is substantially improved in the smaller forms to the point that the smaller forms are acceptable, even in the most discriminating of uses.
  • a spray nozzle is contemplated of the type which includes a body with a spray orifice, a spiral swirl chamber in the body which communicates with the orifice and a fluid inlet means which communicates with the spiral swirl chamber in substantially tangential relationship.
  • the spray orifice and the axial origin of the spiral of the spiral swirl chamber are eccentrically offset relative to each other.
  • the spray orifice and the spiral origin are eccentrically offset from each other such that the orifice opens to the spiral chamber in a sector thereof between approximately 90 to 150 from the maximum radius of the spiral and in the direction of the fluid rotation in the chamber.
  • the spray orifice and spiral origin are eccentrically offset from each other by a distance of approximately 0.005 to 0.015 inch.
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectioned side elevation view of a spiral swirl chamber nozzle incorporating the principles of the invention
  • chamber nozzles are no longer acceptable for the more discriminating of uses, such as spray drying and fuel injection.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectioned end view of the spiral swirl chamber taken substantially along line 2 2 of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a graphic plot of pattemation index (PI) v. orifice off-center distance (in.) and showing spray patternation performance curves for varying degrees of orifice angular offset.
  • a spiral swirl chamber spray nozzle which includes an eccentrically offset spiral swirl chamber and orifice which are positioned relative to each other in accordance with the principles of the invention.
  • the spray nozzle includes a nozzle body 10, an orifice plate 12 having a spray orifice 13 therein, a swirl chamber block member 14 in which the spiral swirl chamber 16 is formed with a generally tangential inlet 17, and a retainer member 18 for retaining and positioning the orifice plate and chamber member in the nozzle body 10.
  • the noule body 10 includes an opening 20 at one end for the emission of spray from the orifice plate 12 and an elongate passage 22 for receiving the various components of the nozzle.
  • a suitable gasket 24 is preferably positioned against a shoulder 25 adjacent the opening and the orifice plate 12 is positioned against the gasket.
  • the swirl chamber member 14 is next positioned against the orifice plate 12 such that one side of the swirl chamber communicates with the spray orifice 13 in the orifice plate, and the retainer member 18, which is preferably cruciform in shape, is threaded into the nozzle body by way of threads 26 to maintain the gasket, orifice plate, and swirl chamber member positioned as shown in FIG. 1.
  • the exterior of the nozzle body is also preferably threaded at 28 in order to receive a fluid delivery conduit (not shown) for delivering the fluid to be sprayed to the nozzle body 10.
  • the flow path of the fluid through the nozzle is shown by the arrows in FIG. 1, flowing through the cruciform retainer member 18 to the outside of the swirl chamber member 14, where the fluid passes through the tangential inlet 17 of the swirl chamber 16, swirls about the spiral swirl chamber, and exits through the orifice 13 in the plate 12 in the form of a finely divided spray.
  • spiral swirl chamber nozzle assembly thus far described is of the conventional form.
  • the axis of the spray orifice 13 is generally positioned to coincide with the axial origin of the swirl chamber, since the spiral form of the swirl chamber, by itself, is relied upon to improve the spray patternation to an acceptable quality as earlier described.
  • either the spray orifice 13 is concentrically located in the center of the circular orifice plate 12 and the entire spiral swirl chamber 16 is machined with a slight offset into the circular chamber member 14, such that its spiral origin coincides with the concentric orifice, or the spiral swirl chamber 16 was positioned in the center of the chamber member 14 and the orifice 13 is slightly offset in the plate 12 to coincide with the spiral origin of the swirl chamber.
  • the former has been generally'preferred as it facilitates manufacture and assembly for various reasons.
  • a spiral swirl chamber which embodies the principles of the invention.
  • the swirl chamber is formed as a spiral recess 16 which is machined or otherwise formed in the end of the chamber member 14 which is to be positioned adjacent the spray orifice 13.
  • the depth of the chamber 16 is generally indicated by h in FIG. 1.
  • the fluid inlet 17 opens substantially tangentially, as in the prior spiral chambers, into the spiral chamber adjacent the beginning of the spiral and the chamber will have a maximum radius r, r being the distance between the spiral origin A and the beginning of the spiral.
  • the chamber 16 itself is separated from the fluid inlet 17 by a tongue-like projection 30 which ends at 32 adjacent r. The distance between the upper wall 34, of the inlet as viewed in FIG.
  • the upper surface 36 of the tongue adjacent end 32 defines the width a of the inlet opening into the chamber, the distance between the wall 34 and the under chamber side of the tongue adjacent end 32 being shown as b in FIG. 2.
  • the distance between the spiral origin A and the circumferential wall 40 of the swirl chamber will progressively diminish in a counterclockwise direction from the maximum radius r as viewed in FIG. 2.
  • the distance between the spiral origin A and the wall 40 will be such that the distance 0 will be greater than the distance d and the distance d will be greater than the distance of e as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the lead or rate of change of the spiral per revolution will be approximately defined by the ratio of r to (r-b), for any one of several various given curvatures.
  • the eccentric offset between the spray orifice l3 and the spiral origin A should be such that the center of the orifice l3 lies within a sector of the spiral chamber defined between lines AC and AD and the orifice 13 and spiral origin A should be spaced from each other by the distance x as shown in FIG. 2.
  • Line AC which defines the minimum preferred angular offset, is from the radius r in the direction of rotation of the liquid
  • line AD which defines the maximum angular offset, is from radius r in the direction of rotation
  • the distance x should be between 0.005 and 0.015 inch.
  • Patternation index (PI) is a commonly accepted standard by which spray pattern quality is frequently measured.
  • the PI is determined by employing a multi-sectored testing receptacle device which receives a measured amount of spray from the spray nozzle being tested and which indicates, by sector, the spatial uniformity and distribution of the spray issuing from the nozzle being tested. In general, the lower the P], the better is the spray distribution or patternation. The method of determining PI will not be discussed in detail herein, since it forms no part of the present invention.
  • Nozzles I and'II the patternation results are shown for two spiral chamber nozzles, hereafter referred to as Nozzles I and'II, in which certain of the dimensions of the respective chambers'were varied.
  • the orifice diameter of the nozzles of FIG. 3 in each instance was the same at 0.040 inch and the fluid was kerosene at an inlet pressure of 200 psig and an ambient temperature of 70 F.
  • the other dimensions of the spiral swirl chamber nozzles I and II were as follows:
  • Nozzle II The performance of Nozzle II is shown in the dotted curves in FIG. 3. It will be seen when considering these Nozzle II curves, that PI is also substantially improved by eccentrically offsetting the orifice 13 and the origin A relative to the PI of 30 where the orifice and spiral origin are aligned. More specifically, when the orifice and spiral origin are offset from each other by an angular rotation of 120, an acceptable PI is realized at a distance x of approximately 0.010 inch. It will also be seen that when the angular rotation is increased so as to be substantially greater than 150, i.e., to 180, that PI is only slightly improved and not by an acceptable amount.
  • the spray orifice 13 and the swirl chamber spiral origin A may be positioned at the desired eccentric offset either by concentrically positioning'the orifice 13 in the orifice plate 12 and eccentrically positioning the swirl. chamber 16 in the chamber member 14 or vice versa.
  • a spray nozzle having a body with a spray orifice therein, a spiral swirl chamber in said body communicating with said orifice and fluid inlet means communicating with said spiral swirl chamber in substantially tangential relationship thereto, wherein the improvement comprises in combination therewith:
  • said spray orifice and the origin of the spiral of said spiral swirl chamber being eccentrically offset relative to each other.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • On-Site Construction Work That Accompanies The Preparation And Application Of Concrete (AREA)
  • Air Transport Of Granular Materials (AREA)
US87793A 1970-11-09 1970-11-09 Eccentric spiral swirl chamber nozzle Expired - Lifetime US3680793A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US8779370A 1970-11-09 1970-11-09
GB3058572A GB1366581A (en) 1970-11-09 1972-06-29 Eccentric spiral swirl chamber nozzle
DE2232686A DE2232686A1 (de) 1970-11-09 1972-07-04 Spruehduese
NL7209706A NL7209706A (OSRAM) 1970-11-09 1972-07-13
FR7225579A FR2192465A5 (OSRAM) 1970-11-09 1972-07-13

Publications (1)

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US3680793A true US3680793A (en) 1972-08-01

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US87793A Expired - Lifetime US3680793A (en) 1970-11-09 1970-11-09 Eccentric spiral swirl chamber nozzle

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Country Link
US (1) US3680793A (OSRAM)
DE (1) DE2232686A1 (OSRAM)
FR (1) FR2192465A5 (OSRAM)
GB (1) GB1366581A (OSRAM)
NL (1) NL7209706A (OSRAM)

Cited By (98)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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FR2483261A1 (fr) * 1980-05-27 1981-12-04 Delavan Corp Element a orifice destine au passage d'un fluide pouvant contenir des particules solides, injecteur comprenant cet element et procede de dosage d'un tel fluide
US4367847A (en) * 1980-12-29 1983-01-11 Precision Valve Corporation One-piece mechanical break up (MBU)
US5152463A (en) * 1991-10-08 1992-10-06 Delavan Inc. Aspirating simplex spray nozzle
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WO1999011382A1 (en) 1997-09-03 1999-03-11 Bete Fog Nozzle, Inc. Improved spray nozzle with swirl unit
US6422198B1 (en) * 2000-09-19 2002-07-23 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Pressure atomizer having multiple orifices and turbulent generation feature
US20030226907A1 (en) * 2002-05-16 2003-12-11 Boehringer Ingelheim International Gmbh System comprising a nozzle and a fixing means therefor
US20040050970A1 (en) * 2002-09-09 2004-03-18 Bowman Thomas P. Swirl nozzle and method of making same
FR2858567A1 (fr) * 2003-08-04 2005-02-11 Valois Sas Tete de pulverisation de produit fluide
US20050271993A1 (en) * 2002-02-28 2005-12-08 Rudiger Galtz Systems for reacting fuel and air to a reformate
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FR2904573A1 (fr) * 2006-08-04 2008-02-08 Rexam Dispensing Systems Sas Buse de pulverisation, organe de distribution comprenant une telle buse, distributeur comprenant un tel organe de distribution et utilisation d'une telle buse.
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US20110031333A1 (en) * 2009-08-04 2011-02-10 Delavan Inc Multi-point injector ring
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RU2432528C1 (ru) * 2010-08-20 2011-10-27 Олег Савельевич Кочетов Центробежная вихревая форсунка кочетова
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US20120247427A1 (en) * 2011-04-01 2012-10-04 Hitachi Automotive Systems, Ltd Fuel injection valve
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US20130341423A1 (en) * 2012-01-13 2013-12-26 Supersnow Spolka Z O.O. Spolka Komandytow A Nozzle for spraying liquid, especially water in a snow production cannon
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JP2014025365A (ja) * 2012-07-25 2014-02-06 Hitachi Automotive Systems Ltd 燃料噴射弁
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US11154879B2 (en) * 2018-03-15 2021-10-26 Yonwoo Co., Ltd. Orifice and spray container including the same

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NL7209706A (OSRAM) 1974-01-15
GB1366581A (en) 1974-09-11
DE2232686A1 (de) 1974-01-24
FR2192465A5 (OSRAM) 1974-02-08

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