US3665081A - Apparatus for electroslag remelting of consumable electrodes - Google Patents

Apparatus for electroslag remelting of consumable electrodes Download PDF

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US3665081A
US3665081A US26733A US3665081DA US3665081A US 3665081 A US3665081 A US 3665081A US 26733 A US26733 A US 26733A US 3665081D A US3665081D A US 3665081DA US 3665081 A US3665081 A US 3665081A
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electrodes
groups
center
interconnected
tappings
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US26733A
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Boris Evgenicvich Paton
Vladimir Konstantinovi Lebedev
Boris Izrailevich Medovar
Igor Vladimirovich Pentegov
Jury Vadimovich Latash
Oleg Petrovich Bondarenko
Vitaly Mikhailovich Baglai
Nikolai Vasilievich Podola
July Georgievich Emelyanenko
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
    • C22B9/00—General processes of refining or remelting of metals; Apparatus for electroslag or arc remelting of metals
    • C22B9/16—Remelting metals
    • C22B9/18—Electroslag remelting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B7/00—Heating by electric discharge
    • H05B7/005—Electrical diagrams

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of electrometallurgy, and in particular to an apparatus for electroslag remelting.
  • the ap- [21] App1.No.: 26,733 paratus is characterized in that it has a transformer power supply means, which can be three-phase or which can consist of several single-phase transformers, the secondary windings [30] Forelgn Appncamm Pmmty Dam of which are provided with center tappings which are inter- June 16, 1969 U.S.S.R ..1,336,305 nnec hr ugh bus r conductor so as to provide for an equality of the line speeds of melting the electrodes and for a [52] 11.8.
  • a transformer power supply means which can be three-phase or which can consist of several single-phase transformers, the secondary windings [30]
  • Forelgn Appncamm Pmmty Dam of which are provided with center tappings which are inter- June 16, 1969 U.S.S.R ..1,336,305 nnec hr ugh bus r conductor so as to provide for an equality of the line speeds of melting the electrodes and
  • the present invention relates to the field of electrometallurgy and, more particularly, to an apparatus for the electroslag remelting of consumable electrodes.
  • the apparatus can be utilized to produce unique hollow or solid ingots and slabs having a weight of up to 200 tons and higher.
  • a bifilar (two-electrode) apparatus comprising a mold, an electrode holder with electrodes fixedly secured therein with respect to each other, which electrodes are insulated one from another and are fed from one single-phase transformer is known (cf. the USSR Author's Certificates No. 2198, cl. 18B 5/56 and No. 2594, cl. l 83 5/56 which correspond to French Pat. No. 1,545,017).
  • USSR Author's Certificates No. 2198, cl. 18B 5/56 and No. 2594, cl. l 83 5/56 which correspond to French Pat. No. 1,545,017.
  • pan or bottom plate of the electroslag remelting furnace mold must be connected either to the neutral point (in a threephase furnace) or to the center tapping of the secondary winding of the transformer (in a single-phase furnace) in order to provide an equality of the line speeds of melting for electrodes having different melting temperatures, different cross sections or a change in the geometry of their disposition in the slag bath.
  • the lower end portions of the electrodes are immersed in the slag bath by a common crosspiece and the equality of line speeds of melting is particularly important at a low depth of the bath which is sometimes required by the process conditions.
  • the single phase can be supplemented by an equalizing reactor or choke connected in parallel to the transformer in the bifilar furnaces. The provision for equality of the line speeds of melting allows for the trouble-free operation of the apparatus.
  • multielectrode circuits for example those containing four-electrodes, six-electrodes and higher.
  • Such apparatus having input power of higher than 10,000 KVA are to be fed not from a single three-phase transformer but from several single-phase transformers, which are inserted into the three-phase mains with their primary windings and are located symmetrically relative to the geometrical center of the furnace in order to obtain the shortest possible dimensions and a full symmetry for the power network of the apparatus.
  • one three-phase transformer can be used for lower ingot tonnage apparatus.
  • the geometry of disposition of the electrodes relative to the symmetry axis of the mold may be disturbed, and this will cause an unbalanced melting condition for the electrodes or even the end portion of some of the electrodes can melt sufficiently so they can become located on the surface of the slag bath and/or the immersion of the end portions of other electrodes into the slag bath to a position resulting in a short circuit with the face of the underlying metal pool. This leads to emergency operating conditions of the apparatus.
  • An object of the present invention is to eliminate the abovementioned disadvantages.
  • the principal object of the invention is to provide an apparatus for electroslag remelting of an even number of, not less than four, groups of consumable electrodes which makes possible the production of high-quality metal ingots weighing tons and higher and to completely eliminate the efiect of the above-mentioned unbalanced conditions in melting the consumable electrodes, independent of the reasons of their appearance as well as to eliminate emergency operating conditions.
  • an apparatus for the electroslag remelting of consumable electrodes including a mold and an electrode holder for securing in fixed position relative to one another an even number of not less than four groups of electrodes, each group consisting of at least one electrode.
  • the electrodes are insulated one from another.
  • a power transformer means is provided in which the total number of the secondary windings is one-half the number of the groups of electrodes, each secondary winding being connected to two different groups of electrodes.
  • the center tappings of the secondary windings of the transformer are interconnected through busbar conductors insulated from the construction members of the apparatus. This provides for an'equality of the line speeds of melting the electrodes and establishes a uniform temperature field within the slag bath.
  • each of the busbar conductors connecting the center tapping of one secondary winding of the transformers with the center tappings of the remaining secondary windings is preferably placed in bifilar arrangement with respect to the busbar conductors connecting the terminals of this secondary winding to the groups of electrodes.
  • the junction point or connection of all the center tappings of the secondary windings is preferably positioned on the symmetry axis of the electrode holder.
  • the groups of electrodes are preferably located at the apices of a regular polygon so that each two groups of electrodes connected to the terminals of any one secondary winding of the transformer is located either at two adjacent apices of the polygon formed by the arrangement of the electrodes.
  • the apparatus may be equipped with a metal blank mounted in the central part of the electrode holder and electrically insulated therefrom, one end of the blank being connected to the junction of the busbar conductors from the center tappings of the secondary windings of the transformer means.
  • the metal blank is connected to the power supply through a normally neutral center tapping circuit rather than being directly connected to the normal power circuit of the secondary windings as in the case of the electrodes.
  • the metal blank may be composed of metal which differs from that of the consumable electrodes by a chemical composition when additional alloying of the ingot is desired.
  • the apparatus may be provided with an equalizing reactor or choke connected in parallel to each secondary winding of the transformer, the center tapping of this reactor being connected with the center tappings of the other equalizing reactors connected to the remaining secondary windings of the transformer.
  • the apparatus made according to the present invention successively solves all the problems above-mentioned.
  • FIG. 1 is an electric circuit diagram of the apparatus, for remelting of four consumable electrodes (defined as four groups of electrodes), in which the center tappings of the secondary windings of the two transformers are interconnected through a busbar conductor;
  • FIG. 2 is an electric circuit diagram of the apparatus, for remelting four consumable electrodes, in which the interconnected center tappings are taken from two equalizing reactors provided in parallel with each of the two transformers;
  • FIG. 3 is an electric circuit diagram of the apparatus, for casting hollow ingots from 16 groups of electrodes, in which the center tappings of the secondary windings of the transformers (eight) are interconnected in the center of the electrode holder;
  • FIG. 4 is an electric circuit diagram of the apparatus, for remelting six consumable electrodes (six groups), in which the secondary windings of the transformers are connected with two electrodes disposed at two adjacent apices of a hexagon;
  • FIG. 5 is a vector diagram of voltages between the electrodes in the circuit shown in FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 6 is an electric circuit diagram of the apparatus for remelting six consumable electrodes, in which the secondary windings of the transformers are connected with two electrodes disposed at diametrically opposite apices of a hexagon;
  • FIG. 7 is a vector diagram of voltages between the electrodes of the apparatus shown in FIG. 6;
  • FIG. 8 (on the sheet with FIG. 3) is an electric circuit diagram of the apparatus for remelting six consumable electrodes, in which the center tappings of the equalizing reactors are connected with a metal blank;
  • FIG. 9 is a furnace and electrical diagram of the apparatus shown in FIG. 1.
  • each electrode group consists of a single electrode.
  • the consumable electrodes are connected in pairs to the two terminals of each of the secondary windings of the two transformers 5, 6.
  • the electrodes I and II are respectively connected to the terminals 1! and 2 of the secondary winding of the transformer 6, while the electrodes III and IV are connected to the terminals 3 and 4 of the secondary winding of the transformer 5.
  • the center tappings 0,, of the secondary windings of the transformers and 6 are interconnected by a busbar conductor 7 which is insulated from the mold 8 and from the other members of the construction of the apparatus.
  • the primary windings of the transformers 5 and 6 may be connected to any of the phases of the three-phase main.
  • the connection of the center tappings 0,, 0 of the secondary windings of the transformers 5, 6 through the common busbar conductor 7 provides for a required electric coupling between all the electrode groups I, II, III, IV and ensures active self-control of the line speeds of melting the consumable electrodes.
  • equalizing reactors or chokes may be used for this purpose.
  • the groups of electrodes I, II, III and IV are also connected in pairs to the terminals of the secondary windings of the transformers 5 and 6.
  • the electrodes I and II are connected to the terminals 1 and 2
  • the electrodes III and IV are connected to the terminals 3 and 4
  • equalizing reactors or chokes 9 and 10 are connected in parallel to the secondary windings of the transformers 5 and 6, respectively.
  • the center tappings 0, and 0 of the equalizing reactors 9 and 10 are interconnected by a busbar conductor 7 which is also insulated from the members of the construction of the apparatus.
  • This apparatus is used for casting hollow ingots by remelting consumable electrodes with an even number of groups of electrodes n 2 m (where m 2, 3, 4, 5,...), the groups of electrodes I, II, III, IV, V, VI,A and B being connected in pairs to the terminals of the secondary windings 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6', a, b, etc., of the transformers whose number is one-half that of the n groups.
  • the center tappings 0,, 0 0 0,,, etc. of the secondary windings are interconnected through the busbar conductors 7, each conductor being placed in bifilar arrangement to the busbar conductors connecting the ends of the corresponding secondary windings with two groups of electrodes.
  • the point of connection 11 of all the center tappings of the secondary windings of the transformers is located directly in the electrodes holder along the symmetry axis of the molds 12 and 13 and is electrically insulated therefrom.
  • the secondary windings of these transformers may be connected to a singlephase or three-phase mains either with a cyclic alternation of phases in the direction of the bypass of the mold or with a phase alternation according'to any preselected law.
  • FIG. 3 A complete rendering of FIG. 3, as is apparent, will illustrate eight transformers with 16 groups of electrodes (I XVI), each group including two electrodes.
  • the groups of consumable electrodes are disposed at the apices of a regular polygon, in which case the two groups of electrodes connected to the terminals of one secondary winding of the transformer are located either at two adjacent apices or at two diametrically oppositeapices of the said polygon.
  • All further embodiments of the invention are illustrated on the apparatus shown in FIG. 4 wherein the apparatus has six groups of consumable electrodes, I, II, III, IV, V, VI fixedly secured relative to each other and insulated from each other.
  • the groups of electrodes are supplied with current from three single-phase transformers 14, 15, 16 connected to three-phase mains. In this case each electrode group has one electrode.
  • the apparatus can be supplied from one three-phase transformer, having three secondary windings.
  • the consumable electrodes I, II, III, IV, V, VI are located at the apices of a regular polygon and form three pairs of electrodes I-II, Ill-IV, V-VI which are respectively connected in series to the secondary windings 1 2, 3, 4, 5 ,6 of three single-phase transformers, each being disposed at an angle of to the symmetry axis of the apparatus.
  • FIG. 5 shows a vector diagram of voltages between the electrodes I, II, III, IV, V, VI arranged in the circuit shown in FIG. 4.
  • the connection of all the center tappings provides for the required electric coupling between the electrodes and transformers as well as for active self-control of the line speed of melting the electrodes.
  • the center tappings of all the secondary windings have the same potential and are shown in the diagram by the point 11 which divides all line voltages U rn-m r-n
  • the equivalent resistances of the slag between the end of each electrode and the molten metal bath are equal, therefore, the currents passing through each of the electrodes are also equal.
  • the electrode VI becomes immersed into the slag deeper than the other electrodes due to a difference in a cross section thereof or due to a disturbance of the geometry of disposition of the electrodes in the slag bath or due to a different melting temperature of the electrodes.
  • the resistance between the end of the immersed electrode VI and the molten metal bath is lower than the resistance between the ends of the other electrodes and the metal, due to the fact that each of the electrodes I, II, III, IV, V] acquires a certain current increment A J determined by the voltage and resistance between the electrode VI and each of the electrodes, which are geometrically summed up in the electrode VI. Therefore, the electrode VI is melted more rapidly than the remaining electrodes and the depth'of immersion of the electrodes into the slag bath is brought into balance. If the cause of the unbalance in melting the electrodes is invariable during the whole period of melting, the depth of immersion of the electrode VI will be somewhat larger than that of the other electrodes. This difference in the depths of immersion depends on improved gain factor realized by the whole system of slag-control described herein.
  • each pair of the electrodes say III-VI, connected to the same secondary windings 3', 6 of the transformers 14 may be connected at two opposite apices of the regular hexagon as shown by FIG. 6, In this case, the vector diagram of voltages between the electrodes shown in FIG.
  • a metal blank insulated from the members of the construction of the apparatus can be positioned in the center of the regular polygon formed by the consumable groups of electrodes I-VI.
  • the lower end of the metal blank is then immersed in the slag bath.
  • the center tappings of the secondary windings of the transformers or equalizing reactors may be either connected to the said metal blank or be insulated therefrom. Shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 8 is an electric circuit diagram of an apparatus for remelting in a cooled mold of six consumable electrodes I-Vl disposed at the apices of a regular hexagon and divided in pairs I-lI-IIl-IV-V-Vl, each being correspondingly connected to the terminals 1, 2', 3', 4', 5 6 of the secondary windings of three single-phase transformers 14, 15, 16 whose primary windings are connected to three-phase mains.
  • Connected to the terminals of each secondary winding 1', 2', 3, 4, 5, 6 is a winding of an equalizing reactor respectively l8, 19, 20.
  • the center tappings 0,, 0 0 of the reactors are interconnected with busbars conductors 7, the junction point of all the busbar conductor being connected to a consumable metal blank 17, which is located in the center of the hexagon.
  • the lower end of the blank is immersed into the slag bath for melting by the molten slag.
  • the operating principle of the apparatus shown in FIG. 8 is similar to that described above.
  • FIG. 9 shows the arrangement of the furnace and the two transformers 5 and 6 of FIG. 1.
  • the busbar conductor 7 is shown interconnecting center tappings 0 and 0
  • Electrode groups I, II, III, IV are insulated from each other by insulation 7a retained in electrode holder 7b.
  • the electrodes are melted in slag bath 8a provided in cooled mold 8 and the melted metal collects in the molten metal pool 8b and then solidifies to form a high quality ingot 80.
  • the proposed apparatus makes it possible to carry out the process of electroslag remelting of any even number, but not less than four, groups of consumable electrodes fixedly secured in a common electrode holder with respect to each other and having different cross sections, different melting temperatures, or a different chemical composition.
  • the apparatus corrects for disturbances of the geometry of disposition of the electrodes in a slag bath. Through use of the apparatus it is possible to completely eliminate the unbalance in the character of melting of the electrodes and to avoid the possibility of occurrence of the emergency operating conditions.
  • An apparatus for electroslag remelting comprising: a plurality of consumable electrodes; a mold for the formation of an ingot from remelted electrode metal in a molten slag bath;
  • an electrode holder for securing said electrodes in fixed position relative to one another, and at least one transformer means for supplying power to said electrodes; said electrodes comprising an even number of at least four directly powered groups of consumable electrodes, each of said groups containing at least one electrode, each of said groups of electrodes being insulated one from another, the total number of secondary windings of said transformer means being one-half the number of groups of said electrodes, each of said secondary windings being respectively connected to two different groups of said electrodes and each of said secondary windings being provided with center tapping means including center tappings, and all of said center tappings are interconnected to each other and are insulated from the other elements of said apparatus, whereby an equality of the line speeds of melting said electrodes and a uniform temperature field in said slag bath are obtained.
  • each said center tapping means includes an equalizing reactor connected in parallel to the associated secondary winding of said transformer means, the center tapping of each reactor being interconnected with the center tappings of the other equalizing reactors connected to the remaining secondary windings of said transformer means.
  • An apparatus for electroslag remelting comprising: a plurality of consumable electrodes, a mold for the formation of an ingot from remelted electrode metal in a molten slag bath, an electrode holder means providing for the simultaneous movement of said electrodes, and a power supply means connected to said electrodes, said electrodes comprising an even number of at least four directly powered groups of consumable electrodes, each group containing at least one electrode,
  • each of said groups of electrodes being insulated from one another, said power supply means including a plurality of discrete supply means for powering groups of electrodes less than the total number of said groups, each discrete supply means being connected to directly supply power to a different set of two of said groups, and electrical connection means interconnecting at least two of said discrete supply means to promote equality of the line speeds of melting of said plurality of electrodes.
  • said power supply means comprises transformer means in which the total number of secondary windings is one-half the number of groups of electrodes.
  • each of said secondary windings is respectively connected to two different groups of said electrodes.
  • said electrical connection means interconnecting said discrete supply means comprises interconnected center tapping means, including center tappings, from at least two secondary windings.
  • said electrical connection means comprises interconnected center tappings from all said secondary windings.
  • each of said center tappings of said center tapping means are interconnected through busbar conductors, and in which each said busbar conductor for each said winding is in bifilar arrange ment to the conductors between the terminals of the associated said secondary winding and the groups of electrodes powered thereby.
  • connection junction of said interconnected center tappings is located on the symmetry axis of said electrode holder means to provide for a noninductive current conductor to the electrodes.
  • each group of directly powered consumable electrodes contains at least two electrodes.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
  • Discharge Heating (AREA)
  • Furnace Details (AREA)
US26733A 1969-06-16 1970-04-08 Apparatus for electroslag remelting of consumable electrodes Expired - Lifetime US3665081A (en)

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SU1336305A SU288765A1 (fr) 1969-06-16

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US00243885A Expired - Lifetime US3790691A (en) 1969-06-16 1972-04-13 Method for electroslag remelting of consumable electrodes

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US (2) US3665081A (fr)
JP (1) JPS5031977B1 (fr)
AT (1) AT301776B (fr)
BE (1) BE749887A (fr)
DE (1) DE2018065B2 (fr)
FR (1) FR2049951A5 (fr)
GB (1) GB1278169A (fr)
SE (1) SE356198B (fr)

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3751572A (en) * 1970-09-11 1973-08-07 B Paton Plant for the electroslag remelting of metal
US3772449A (en) * 1971-07-01 1973-11-13 Boehler & Co Ag Geb Plant for the electric slag refining of metals
US3790691A (en) * 1969-06-16 1974-02-05 Inst Elektroswarki Patona Method for electroslag remelting of consumable electrodes
US3867561A (en) * 1973-01-19 1975-02-18 Paton Boris E Electrode holder of three phase electroslag plant
IT201700109681A1 (it) * 2017-09-29 2019-03-29 Danieli Off Mecc Apparato e metodo di fusione di materiale metallico
US20190170443A1 (en) * 2016-05-30 2019-06-06 Beijing Zhongkaihongde Technology Co., Ltd. Circular Electric Furnace, and Electrode Arrangement Structure Thereof
CN113667831A (zh) * 2021-08-24 2021-11-19 安徽工业大学 一种双电源耦合细化电渣锭凝固组织的电渣重熔装置及其方法

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2188390B1 (fr) * 1972-06-02 1975-03-28 Inst Elektroswarki Patona
FR2231769A1 (en) * 1973-05-29 1974-12-27 Inst Elektroswarki Patona Electroslag remelting plant with consumable electrodes - arranged for uniform current distribution and uniform melting
JPS5684753U (fr) * 1979-12-03 1981-07-08
AT406384B (de) † 1996-01-29 2000-04-25 Inteco Int Techn Beratung Verfahren zum elektroschlacke-strangschmelzen von metallen

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3665081A (en) * 1969-06-16 1972-05-23 Boris Evgenicvich Paton Apparatus for electroslag remelting of consumable electrodes

Cited By (14)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3790691A (en) * 1969-06-16 1974-02-05 Inst Elektroswarki Patona Method for electroslag remelting of consumable electrodes
US3751572A (en) * 1970-09-11 1973-08-07 B Paton Plant for the electroslag remelting of metal
US3772449A (en) * 1971-07-01 1973-11-13 Boehler & Co Ag Geb Plant for the electric slag refining of metals
US3867561A (en) * 1973-01-19 1975-02-18 Paton Boris E Electrode holder of three phase electroslag plant
US20190170443A1 (en) * 2016-05-30 2019-06-06 Beijing Zhongkaihongde Technology Co., Ltd. Circular Electric Furnace, and Electrode Arrangement Structure Thereof
EP3468302A4 (fr) * 2016-05-30 2019-11-27 Beijing Zhongkaihongde Technology Co., Ltd. Four électrique circulaire et sa structure d'agencement d'électrodes
WO2019064320A1 (fr) 2017-09-29 2019-04-04 Danieli & C. Officine Meccaniche S.P.A. Appareil et procédé de fusion d'un matériau métallique
IT201700109681A1 (it) * 2017-09-29 2019-03-29 Danieli Off Mecc Apparato e metodo di fusione di materiale metallico
CN111512700A (zh) * 2017-09-29 2020-08-07 达涅利机械设备股份公司 用于熔化金属材料的设备和方法
KR20200096756A (ko) * 2017-09-29 2020-08-13 다니엘리 앤드 씨. 오피시네 메카니케 쏘시에떼 퍼 아찌오니 금속재료 용융장치 및 방법
RU2738264C1 (ru) * 2017-09-29 2020-12-11 Даниели Энд К. Оффичине Мекканике С.П.А. Устройство и способ для плавления металлического материала
US11156402B2 (en) 2017-09-29 2021-10-26 Danieli & C. Officine Meccaniche Spa Apparatus and method for melting metal material
CN111512700B (zh) * 2017-09-29 2022-03-18 达涅利机械设备股份公司 用于熔化金属材料的设备和方法
CN113667831A (zh) * 2021-08-24 2021-11-19 安徽工业大学 一种双电源耦合细化电渣锭凝固组织的电渣重熔装置及其方法

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Publication number Publication date
BE749887A (fr) 1970-11-04
AT301776B (de) 1972-08-15
JPS5031977B1 (fr) 1975-10-16
SE356198B (fr) 1973-05-14
GB1278169A (en) 1972-06-14
DE2018065B2 (de) 1978-02-16
DE2018065A1 (de) 1971-02-25
US3790691A (en) 1974-02-05
FR2049951A5 (fr) 1971-03-26

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