US3657085A - Method of marking a transparent material - Google Patents

Method of marking a transparent material Download PDF

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Publication number
US3657085A
US3657085A US804848A US3657085DA US3657085A US 3657085 A US3657085 A US 3657085A US 804848 A US804848 A US 804848A US 3657085D A US3657085D A US 3657085DA US 3657085 A US3657085 A US 3657085A
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United States
Prior art keywords
electron beam
workpiece
pattern
mask
marks
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US804848A
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English (en)
Inventor
Dietrich Hoffmeister
Fritz Schleich
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Carl Zeiss AG
Original Assignee
Carl Zeiss AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Carl Zeiss AG filed Critical Carl Zeiss AG
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Publication of US3657085A publication Critical patent/US3657085A/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
    • B41M5/262—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used recording or marking of inorganic surfaces or materials, e.g. glass, metal, or ceramics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B44—DECORATIVE ARTS
    • B44F—SPECIAL DESIGNS OR PICTURES
    • B44F1/00—Designs or pictures characterised by special or unusual light effects
    • B44F1/06—Designs or pictures characterised by special or unusual light effects produced by transmitted light, e.g. transparencies, imitations of glass paintings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C23/00—Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments
    • C03C23/0005—Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments by irradiation
    • C03C23/0025—Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments by irradiation by a laser beam
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C23/00—Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments
    • C03C23/0005—Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments by irradiation
    • C03C23/003—Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments by irradiation by X-rays
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C23/00—Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments
    • C03C23/0005—Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments by irradiation
    • C03C23/004—Other surface treatment of glass not in the form of fibres or filaments by irradiation by electrons, protons or alpha-particles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C7/00—Optical parts
    • G02C7/02—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses
    • G02C7/021—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses with pattern for identification or with cosmetic or therapeutic effects
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
    • H01J37/30—Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J37/00—Discharge tubes with provision for introducing objects or material to be exposed to the discharge, e.g. for the purpose of examination or processing thereof
    • H01J37/30—Electron-beam or ion-beam tubes for localised treatment of objects
    • H01J37/301—Arrangements enabling beams to pass between regions of different pressure
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41M—PRINTING, DUPLICATING, MARKING, OR COPYING PROCESSES; COLOUR PRINTING
    • B41M5/00—Duplicating or marking methods; Sheet materials for use therein
    • B41M5/26—Thermography ; Marking by high energetic means, e.g. laser otherwise than by burning, and characterised by the material used
    • B41M5/267—Marking of plastic artifacts, e.g. with laser

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and apparatus for placing identification markings on transparent material, such as glass.
  • the invention is a method and apparatus for making such identification markings by applying radiation to the material to produce a predetermined pattern of localized permanent stresses therein which are rendered visible by applying polarized light.
  • identifying marks on transparent material such as lenses of spectacles
  • One means has been to engrave identification marks on portions of the articles, such as the edges of lens, where the marks will not interfere with the appearance or intended use of the article.
  • a disadvantage of engraved marks is that they are difficult to find.
  • a particular disadvantage with marks engraved on the edge portions of spectacle lenses is that they are apt to be completely or partially obliterated when shaping the edge portions for fitting the lenses into frames.
  • Another means is to etch a mark on the surface of the article.
  • the etching is suitably done with a stamp coated with an etching substance and applied lightly to the surface of the workpiece so as to make a weak etching which will be substantially invisible under normal observation and which will not interfere with the appearance or optical properties of the article.
  • a mark may be placed at a preselected position on the article at the center of a lens, for example, so that it can be found easily. Then by hazing the surface of the article the etched mark is rendered visible by the difference in the condensation on the etched and on the unetched portions.
  • the problem with these etched marks is that they must be so lightly etched that they are worn off by the polishing action of repeated cleanings of the surface.
  • Objects of the present invention are to provide an article of transparent material, such as a lens, an identification mark which is normally invisible, which does not alter the appearance or optical properties of the lens, or other article, which may be applied quickly and economically, which is durable, which is difficult to alter or falsify, and which can be made visible by simple means.
  • identification marks are provided by applying radiations to the transparent material for producing in the material a selected pattern of pennanent stresses which are rendered visible by double refraction under polarized light.
  • the particular design for the identification is suitably formed by applying the radiations through cut-out portions of a mask placed on the workpiece.
  • the radiation consists of accelerated electrons as provided by an electron beam, which is preferably applied so that the stresses thereby produced are in the interior of the material.
  • the electrons impinging on the solid material are scattered by collisions with the molecules of the material so that their kinetic energy is thereby transformed into heat which produces permanent stresses in the material.
  • the depth of penetration of an electron beam into the material depends on its velocity. The depth of penetration is defined as the depth at which the probability of there being an electron of the impact velocity V, has declined to He. For example, when applying an electron beam at an accelerating voltage of 100 KV, the depth of produce permanent stresses in the surface layer.
  • the beam is, therefore, applied to a given area for only a few microseconds at a time; this stress pattern may be more pronounced, still within its localized area, by reapplying the beam several times to the same area.
  • the stress patterns thus produced have proved to be stable and, therefore, permanent. Being below the surface, these stress patterns do not change the appearance of the article and are not destroyed or distorted by cleaning and polishing.
  • Marking in this manner is particularly adapted for placing identifying marks on lenses.
  • the marks being normally invisible may be placed in a preselected position on the lenses the center, for example where they can readily be found when polarized light is applied to render the marks visible. It is substantially impossible to alter or falsify the marks. And the marks do not disturb the optical properties of the lenses or change their surfaces in any way; electron-microscopic and polarization-optical pictures of the surfaces of lenses so marked did not reveal any changes at all.
  • these marks are made visible by the double refraction produced by applying polarized light to the marked article.
  • Radiations for producing stress pattern identification marks in transparent material may be corpuscular radiation provided by an electron beam, as already explained above, or by electromagnetic radiations, such as laser beams.
  • electromagnetic radiations such as laser beams.
  • laser beams is particularly recommended for producing these marks in mass colored materials.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagrammatic illustration of apparatus for producing an identification mark in a transparent workpiece by means of electron beams
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a mask in line with a workpiece for defining a desired stress pattern to be produced in the workpiece by the apparatus of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a mask in line with a workpiece illustrating the production of a stress pattern by the application of a laser beam;
  • FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic illustration of apparatus for applying polarized light to a masked article for making the mark visible.
  • an electron beam produced by a cathode-ray source 1 passes through a tubular passage, which is through a diaphram 2, to a cylindrical lens 3.
  • the lenses 3 focus the beam through a deflecting system 5 onto a mask 4 which is supported in line with a workpiece 8 (such as a spectacle lens as shown) supported on a rotatable plate 7, which is also movable up and down as indicated by the arrow 9.
  • the mask 4 is suitably a tungsten sheet from which a full scale design of the desired identification mark has been cut out.
  • the beam-producing end of the cathode-ray source 1, the diaphragm 2 and the deflecting system 5 are within a housing 22 which has an opening 23 in optical align ment with the lens 3 and deflecting system 5, and the mask 4 is adapted to be supported over the opening 23.
  • a high-vacuum valve 10 is in the housing 22 in line between the deflecting system 5 and the opening 23 and defines a chamber 11 in the portion of the housing above it. Pumps 12 and 13 are connected into a chamber 11 for evacuating it when the valve 10 is closed, the pump 12 being connected into the upper, or
  • the bottom end of the housing 22 is provided with a seal ring 6 around the opening 23 to engage the surface of a workpiece 8 for sealing off the area of the workpiece against which the electron beam impinges for producing the identification mark.
  • valve 10 In operation, the valve 10 is closed to seal off the chamber 11 which is then evacuated by the pumps 12 and 13; the closing of valve 10 also blocks the path of the electron beam to the mask 4.
  • the electric power to the cathode-ray source is turned on, while the beam is blocked by a bias voltage.
  • the plate 7 carrying one or more workpieces 8 is rotated to center one of the workpieces with the seal ring 6 and opening 23, after which the plate 7 is moved upward until the latter workpiece firmly abuts the ring 6 to seal the portion of the chamber 11 below the valve 10, and the area of the workpiece within the ring 6, against outside pressure.
  • valve 10 is opened, so that a partial vacuum is created through the chamber 11 (including the cathode-ray source and the area of a workpiece 8 within the ring 6). Together with the opening of the valve the beam from the cathode-ray source is released so that the beam is focused by the cylindrical lens 3 in a line on the mask 4, as indicated in FIG. 2.
  • the beam 14 is thereafter moved across the mask 4 by operation of the deflecting system 5 so that the beam impinges on the workpiece 8 in a pattern defined by the design cut out of the mask.
  • the deflecting system 5 is suitably operated to scan the mask so that a surface area of approximately 100 microns in diameter is impinged upon for only a few microseconds for providing an energy density of the electron beam 14 from l X l to X l0 Ws/cm
  • the beam 14 may be moved over the mask 4 one or more times; multiple passes increase the visibility of the stress pattern under polarized light.
  • the valve is closed thereby sealing the upper portion of the chamber 11 from the lower portion.
  • the beam 14 is blocked by a suitable bias voltage.
  • the plate 7 is moved down to disengage one workpiece 8 from the ring 6, and is rotated to move a different workpiece 8 in position under the ring. Then, when the plate is moved up again to fix the new workpiece in sealing engagement with the ring, the valve 10 is opened and the abovedescribed marking operation is applied to the new workpiece.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates the manner in which a laser beam 15 is applied to produce a stress pattern identification mark in accordance with this invention. As shown, the laser beam 15 covers the entire area of the design cut out of the mask 4. Therefore, only a short laser pulse is generated at one time to produce the entire mark.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates the use of apparatus for rendering visible the stress pattern which has been produced in a workpiece 8 in the manner described above.
  • the apparatus comprises a light source 16, a condenser 17, two crossed polarizers 18 and 19 and a magnifier lens 20 in optical alignment for light from the light source 16, to pass through a workpiece 8 placed between the polarizers 18 and 19 for an observer indicated at 21.
  • the identification mark magnified by the magnifier lens 20, appears bright against a dark background. By moving the workpiece 8 the identification mark is seen to have a brilliantly shining character which lightens and darkens so as to be particularly easy to recognize.
  • a method of marking a transparent material for identification comprising irradiating said material by means of radiation applied thereto in a pattern desired for an identification mark, said radiation being applied at an energy density which generates sufficient internal heat to produce localized permanent stresses within the interior only of the material without producing such stresses in its surface layer, the stress pattern so produced being normally invisible but capable of beingfrendered visible by double refraction in polarized light.
  • said irradiating lS accomplished by applying accelerated electrons to said material in the form of a focused electron beam.
  • each element of said material is impinged with an energy density of from about 1 X 10 to about 5 X 10 Ws/cm 6.
  • the method of claim 1 which includes masking portions of said material as means for defining a predetermined pattern of localized stresses to be produced.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Transfer Or Thermal Recording In General (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
US804848A 1968-03-13 1969-03-06 Method of marking a transparent material Expired - Lifetime US3657085A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19681696714 DE1696714B1 (de) 1968-03-13 1968-03-13 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kennzeichens auf durchsichtigen Werkstoffen

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US3657085A true US3657085A (en) 1972-04-18

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DE (1) DE1696714B1 (enExample)
FR (1) FR2007339A1 (enExample)
GB (1) GB1198045A (enExample)

Cited By (37)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4115280A (en) * 1970-11-12 1978-09-19 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Apparatus for altering the biological and chemical activity of molecular species
US4194814A (en) * 1977-11-10 1980-03-25 Bausch & Lomb Incorporated Transparent opthalmic lens having engraved surface indicia
US4200506A (en) * 1977-11-08 1980-04-29 Dreschhoff Gisela A M Process for providing identification markings for gemstones
US4620863A (en) * 1981-07-02 1986-11-04 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Radiation coloration resistant glass
EP0264255A1 (en) * 1986-10-14 1988-04-20 Allergan, Inc Manufacture of ophthalmic lenses by excimer laser
DE3731398A1 (de) * 1987-09-18 1989-04-06 Zeiss Carl Fa Verfahren zum erzeugen einer kennzeichnung und/oder markierung auf einer brillenlinse
US4939372A (en) * 1987-02-13 1990-07-03 Microtrace International Process for marking objects by the use of memory micro-crystals and markers for its implementation
EP0446482A1 (de) * 1990-03-16 1991-09-18 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Verfahren zum Beschriften oder Markieren
US5053171A (en) * 1986-10-14 1991-10-01 Allergan, Inc. Manufacture of ophthalmic lenses by excimer laser
US5061840A (en) * 1986-10-14 1991-10-29 Allergan, Inc. Manufacture of ophthalmic lenses by excimer laser
DE4126626A1 (de) * 1990-08-15 1992-02-27 United Distillers Plc Unter der oberflaeche angeordnete markierungen
EP0484807A3 (en) * 1990-11-05 1992-08-26 American Optical Corporation An apparatus and method for detecting hidden marks on progressive aspheric ophtalmic lenses
US5179262A (en) * 1986-10-14 1993-01-12 Allergan, Inc. Manufacture of ophthalmic lenses by excimer laser
WO1995005286A1 (en) * 1993-08-19 1995-02-23 United Distillers Plc Method of marking a body of material
US5598233A (en) * 1994-08-18 1997-01-28 Harold A. Gell Soft contact lens with contamination indicator
US6087617A (en) * 1996-05-07 2000-07-11 Troitski; Igor Nikolaevich Computer graphics system for generating an image reproducible inside optically transparent material
US6100967A (en) * 1995-08-03 2000-08-08 Sls Biophile Limited Monitoring of covert marks
US6281468B1 (en) * 2000-03-13 2001-08-28 Essilor International, Compagnie Generale D'optique Method and apparatus for producing a marking on an ophthalmic lens having a low surface energy
DE10015702A1 (de) * 2000-03-29 2001-10-18 Vitro Laser Gmbh Verfahren zum Einbringen wenigstens einer Innengravur in einen flachen Körper und Vorrichtung zum Durchführen des Verfahrens
NL1020966C2 (nl) * 2002-06-29 2003-05-15 Jan Kroezen Houder voor een voorwerp, voorzien van samenwerkende gekruiste polarisatoren.
US6634747B1 (en) 2000-06-07 2003-10-21 Novartis Ag Sample indicator lens
WO2003049952A3 (de) * 2001-12-05 2003-11-06 Rodenstock Gmbh Verfahren zur kennzeichnung von gegenständen
FR2847346A1 (fr) * 2002-11-15 2004-05-21 Essilor Int Procede d'obtention d'un marquage sur une lentille ophtalmique a basse energie de surface
US20060225637A1 (en) * 2005-04-07 2006-10-12 The Coppola Companies Tasting glasses having revealable indicators there on and method of conducting blind taste test
US20070199930A1 (en) * 2006-02-22 2007-08-30 Mecco Partnership, Llc Laser marking system
US20080152835A1 (en) * 2006-12-05 2008-06-26 Nano Terra Inc. Method for Patterning a Surface
WO2009029513A1 (en) * 2007-08-24 2009-03-05 Armark Authentication Technologies, Llc Method for production of covert markers
US20090302001A1 (en) * 2006-12-05 2009-12-10 Nano Terra Inc. Method for Patterning a Surface
US20100102025A1 (en) * 2008-10-28 2010-04-29 Essilor International (Compagnie Generale D'optique) Method and apparatus for marking coated ophthalmic substrates or lens blanks having one or more electrically conductive layers
US20100112317A1 (en) * 2008-11-05 2010-05-06 Gasworth Steven M Part marking of coated plastic substrates
RU2390425C1 (ru) * 2009-04-06 2010-05-27 Андрей Августович Умблия Способ изготовления декоративных зеркал и изделий из оптически прозрачных материалов
US20110089585A1 (en) * 2009-10-16 2011-04-21 Roger Biel Method for the Simultaneous Manufacture of Ophthalmic Lenses, in Particular Contact Lenses, with Different Parameters on the Same Production Line
CN102974942A (zh) * 2012-11-23 2013-03-20 北京工业大学 一种利用激光在透明材料内进行隐形内雕的方法
WO2014207381A1 (fr) * 2013-06-28 2014-12-31 Essilor International (Compagnie Générale d'Optique) Procédé de fabrication d'une lentille ophtalmique comportant une étape de marquage laser pour réaliser des gravures permanentes sur une surface de ladite lentille ophtalmique
US20150037503A1 (en) * 2013-07-30 2015-02-05 Owens-Brockway Glass Container Inc. Selective Color Striking of Color-Strikable Articles
WO2017187218A1 (en) * 2016-04-27 2017-11-02 Essilor International (Compagnie Générale d'Optique) Substrate holder for coating equiped with moveable shutters and method for using the same
CN114643419A (zh) * 2020-12-21 2022-06-21 卡尔蔡司显微镜有限责任公司 材料加工方法和用于执行该方法的材料加工系统

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US4039827A (en) * 1976-08-26 1977-08-02 American Optical Corporation Method for marking intraocular lenses
DE4312095C2 (de) * 1992-09-08 1996-02-01 Borus Spezialverfahren Verfahren zur bleibenden Markierung eines Gegenstands
DE4230548C2 (de) * 1992-09-08 1996-01-18 Borus Spezialverfahren Verfahren zur Erzeugung von als Baustoff geeignetem Calcium-Alphahalbhydrat aus feuchtem, feinteiligem Rauchgasentschwefelungsgips
US5637244A (en) * 1993-05-13 1997-06-10 Podarok International, Inc. Method and apparatus for creating an image by a pulsed laser beam inside a transparent material
DE4407547C2 (de) * 1994-03-07 1996-05-30 Swarovski & Co Körper aus transparentem Material mit einer Markierung und Verfahren zu dessen Herstellung
DE19841547B4 (de) * 1998-09-11 2004-04-08 Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg Gläser mit farbigen Strukturen und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
DE10050263A1 (de) * 2000-10-09 2002-04-18 Rodenstock Optik G Verfahren zur Kennzeichnung und insbesondere zur Beschriftung von Oberflächen optischer Elemente mit UV-Licht

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GB969012A (en) * 1960-01-08 1964-09-09 Saint Gobain A method of producing a glass object having a system of stresses therein
US3255120A (en) * 1961-01-05 1966-06-07 Saint Gobain Heat and infra-red responsive glass composition and method of making it

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US1475473A (en) * 1923-11-27 of rochester
GB969012A (en) * 1960-01-08 1964-09-09 Saint Gobain A method of producing a glass object having a system of stresses therein
US3255120A (en) * 1961-01-05 1966-06-07 Saint Gobain Heat and infra-red responsive glass composition and method of making it

Cited By (59)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4115280A (en) * 1970-11-12 1978-09-19 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Apparatus for altering the biological and chemical activity of molecular species
US4200506A (en) * 1977-11-08 1980-04-29 Dreschhoff Gisela A M Process for providing identification markings for gemstones
US4194814A (en) * 1977-11-10 1980-03-25 Bausch & Lomb Incorporated Transparent opthalmic lens having engraved surface indicia
US4620863A (en) * 1981-07-02 1986-11-04 Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Radiation coloration resistant glass
US5053171A (en) * 1986-10-14 1991-10-01 Allergan, Inc. Manufacture of ophthalmic lenses by excimer laser
EP0264255A1 (en) * 1986-10-14 1988-04-20 Allergan, Inc Manufacture of ophthalmic lenses by excimer laser
US5179262A (en) * 1986-10-14 1993-01-12 Allergan, Inc. Manufacture of ophthalmic lenses by excimer laser
US4842782A (en) * 1986-10-14 1989-06-27 Allergan, Inc. Manufacture of ophthalmic lenses by excimer laser
US5061840A (en) * 1986-10-14 1991-10-29 Allergan, Inc. Manufacture of ophthalmic lenses by excimer laser
US4939372A (en) * 1987-02-13 1990-07-03 Microtrace International Process for marking objects by the use of memory micro-crystals and markers for its implementation
EP0307874A3 (en) * 1987-09-18 1990-06-06 Firma Carl Zeiss Method for producing a mark on a spectacle lens
DE3731398A1 (de) * 1987-09-18 1989-04-06 Zeiss Carl Fa Verfahren zum erzeugen einer kennzeichnung und/oder markierung auf einer brillenlinse
EP0446482A1 (de) * 1990-03-16 1991-09-18 Messer Griesheim Gmbh Verfahren zum Beschriften oder Markieren
DE4126626A1 (de) * 1990-08-15 1992-02-27 United Distillers Plc Unter der oberflaeche angeordnete markierungen
EP0484807A3 (en) * 1990-11-05 1992-08-26 American Optical Corporation An apparatus and method for detecting hidden marks on progressive aspheric ophtalmic lenses
RU2124988C1 (ru) * 1993-08-19 1999-01-20 Юнайтед Дистиллерс ПЛС Способ нанесения на предмет подповерхностной маркировки
AU684535B2 (en) * 1993-08-19 1997-12-18 United Distillers Plc Method of marking a body of material
US5767483A (en) * 1993-08-19 1998-06-16 United Distillers Plc Method of laser marking a body of material having a thermal conductivity approximately equal to that of glass
WO1995005286A1 (en) * 1993-08-19 1995-02-23 United Distillers Plc Method of marking a body of material
JP3502636B2 (ja) 1993-08-19 2004-03-02 ユナイテッド ディスティラーズ パブリック リミテッド カンパニー 材料体のマーキング方法
US5598233A (en) * 1994-08-18 1997-01-28 Harold A. Gell Soft contact lens with contamination indicator
US6100967A (en) * 1995-08-03 2000-08-08 Sls Biophile Limited Monitoring of covert marks
US6087617A (en) * 1996-05-07 2000-07-11 Troitski; Igor Nikolaevich Computer graphics system for generating an image reproducible inside optically transparent material
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DE1696714B1 (de) 1970-12-03
GB1198045A (en) 1970-07-08
FR2007339A1 (enExample) 1970-01-09

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