US3656949A - Method of producing an electrophotographic and electrographic recording member - Google Patents

Method of producing an electrophotographic and electrographic recording member Download PDF

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Publication number
US3656949A
US3656949A US831879A US3656949DA US3656949A US 3656949 A US3656949 A US 3656949A US 831879 A US831879 A US 831879A US 3656949D A US3656949D A US 3656949DA US 3656949 A US3656949 A US 3656949A
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water
film
soluble
aqueous
polymeric material
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US831879A
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Satoru Honjo
Nobuo Tsuji
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Fujifilm Holdings Corp
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Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
    • G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
    • G03G5/14—Inert intermediate or cover layers for charge-receiving layers
    • G03G5/142—Inert intermediate layers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
    • Y10T428/263—Coating layer not in excess of 5 mils thick or equivalent
    • Y10T428/264—Up to 3 mils
    • Y10T428/265—1 mil or less
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Improved process for producing electrophotographic/electrographic recording members wherein prior to coating the recording layer the substrate is subbed with an aqueous coating mixture prepared by dissolving a water soluble, film forming polymeric material in an aqueous solvent system and mixing therein an aqueous emulsion of a water-insoluble polymer ic material which is incompatible with the first polymeric material.
  • the resulting subcoating forms a continuous film whereby the penetration of organic solvents are prevented into the substrate.
  • Surface resistivity of the subbing layer does not exceed 10 ohms/sq. at 40 percent relative humidity and room temperature.
  • An electrophotographic light-sensitive sheet generally comprises a paper substrate, a photoconductive recording layer comprising an intimate mixture of an inorganic photoconductive powder or an organic photoconductor and an insulating resinous binder.
  • a subbing layer also ordinarily exists between the substrate and the recording layer. The most important roles of the subbing layer are: 1 to prevent impregnation of a coating mixture into the porous structure of the paper substrate during coating procedure; and (2) to minimize the resistivity change of the substrate by ambient humidity, as well as to lower the surface resistivity of the substrate. It becomes especially important to prevent penetration of a coating mixture in the case where an organic solvent coating is employed for recording layer formation. This is less significant when an aqueous coating is used.
  • F ilm-forming materials for use as the subbing layer must, of course, be insoluble in, or not be attacked by, the solvent used for recording layer formation.
  • the second role of the subbing layer is quite important to produce an electrophotographic print of high quality, especially one of continuous tone. Since the electrical conductivity of paper depends on the moisture content thereof, it will often decrease to an extremely low value when the sheet is kept in equilibrium with a dried ambient atmosphere. While a highly resistive substrate makes it impossible to realize a uniform charge distribution throughout the whole area of the surface recording layer by corona charging, a uniform charging with a high surface charge density can easily be accomplished with a conductive sub coating. Such a uniform charge distribution is essential to produce a toner image of high saturation density in a short development time.
  • sub coatings were usually made from hydrophilic film-forming polymeric materials such as polyvinyl alcohol, polyacrylic acids, alkali metal polyacrylates, copolymers including maleic anhydride or maleic acid, or metal salts thereof.
  • Such sub coatings suffered a marked decrease of conductivity under low humidity conditions, and even addition of hygroscopic inorganic salts could not solve this problem.
  • PVB acid materials have proved to exhibit almost ideal characteristics as a conductive sub coating for an electrophotographic or electrographic recording member, show ing a surface resistivity around to 10 ohms/square (surface resistivity between two parallel electrodes having the same length as the spacing therebetween), even under a dried atmosphere of 30 to 40 percent relative humidity near room temperature, when coated on a paper to several microns thickness on dry base.
  • the present invention involves an improved process for producing electrophotographic or electrographic recording members wherein a coating mixture containing organic solvents is applied on a non-metallic substrate to form the recording layer.
  • the improvement comprises subbing the nonmetallic substrate, prior to the recording layer coating, with an aqueous coating mixture which has been prepared by dissolving a first, water-soluble, film-forming polymeric material in an aqueous solvent system, also being mixed therein is an aqueous emulsion of a second, water-insoluble polymeric material, which is incompatible with the first polymeric material.
  • the resulting sub coating preferably has a dried thickness of from 0.5 10 microns.
  • the sub coating forms a continuous film which prevents the penetration of organic solvents into the substrate. Further, the surface resistivity of the sub coating must not exceed 10 ohms/square at 40 percent relative humidity and room temperature.
  • one object of the present invention is to provide a method of producing electrophotographic or electrographic recording members which overcomes the heretofore described drawbacks.
  • a further'object is to provide such recording materials of an improved structure, which are possessed of stable electrical properties over a wide ambient humidity range, as well as with an improved adhesive property between the recording layer and the substrate.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 are cross-sectional schematic views of recording members produced in accordance with the present invention.
  • the present method of producing electrophotographic or electrographic recording members comprises applying, on a non-metallic substrate, a coating mixture containing organic solvents to form a recording layer, but prior to the coating of the recording layer, involves subbing the substrate with an aqueous coating mixture which is prepared by dissolving a first, water soluble, film-forming polymeric material in an aqueous solvent system, and then adding an aqueous emulsion of a second, water-insoluble polymeric material, which is incompatible with the first polymeric material, in such a manner that the resulting sub coating has a dried thickness of from 0.5 to 10 microns.
  • a continuous film is formed so as to prevent the penetration of organic solvents into the substrate, and to insure that the surface resistivity does not exceed 10 ohms/square at 40 percent relative humidity near room temperature.
  • the sub coating of the present invention is characterized by comprising a continuous conductive matrix phase and an oleophilic, minutely dispersed phase of water-insoluble emulsion particles.
  • incorporation of highly insulating polymeric particles having a specific resistance as high as 10" ohms-cm does not remarkably increase the surface resistance of the resulting coating, which may seem rather curious, but apparently this preferable result is due to the continuous phase comprising a conductive polymeric material, and also to the very fine particle size of the dispersed material.
  • Suitable polymeric materials for forming the continuous phase includes polymers comprising monomers containing the quarternary ammonium group, such as are described in the US. Pat. Nos. 3,011,918, 3,264,137 and 3,288,770. Watersoluble resins compatible with these may be incorporated therein, though they are less conductive than these cationic polymers.
  • One example of the commercially available quarternary ammonium polymers is Calgon Conductive Polymer 261" from Calgon Corporation, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, U. S. A. Electrical properties of sub coatings comprising this polymer and many other polymers compatible therewith are shown in detail on p. 26 to p. 31 of Tappi Vol. 50, No. 1 (1967). Such mixed coatings are also employed for the continuous phase in the present invention, provided that the resulting coatings containing dispersed particles exhibit a surface resistance not higher than 10 ohms/square at 40 percent relative humidity near room temperature.
  • alkali metal salts of polyvinyl benzene sulfonic acid, or of sulfonated polystyrenes are also used for the formation of the continuous phase.
  • the continuous phase may also contain polyhydric alcohols compatible with these conductive polymers such as glycerol, pentaeythritol pentaerthritol, sorbitol, ethylene glycol, triethylene glycol and other liquid plasticizers such as polyoxyethylene glycol. Those plasticizers, however, which destroy or deteriorate the colloidal stability of the second polymer must be excluded.
  • Sub coatings of the present invention must contain a finely dispersed polymeric material in the conductive continuous phase; polymers comprising this dispersed phase should be insoluble in water and be incompatible with the components comprising the continuous phase so as to exist in the form of fine particles dispersed in the resulting coating, as well as in the coating mixture. Accordingly the colloidal polymer particles should not agglomerate or flocculate in the presence of the first polymer of the matrix phase.
  • Polymer emulsions resulting from emulsion polymerization are most suitable for the present object, including aqueous emulsions of polyvinyl acetate, polybutyl methacrylate, polyethyl acrylate, polybutyl acrylate, polyoctyl methacrylate, styrene/ butadiene copolymers, butadiene/methyl methacrylate copolymers, butadiene/acrylonitrile copolymers, etc.
  • Emulsions containing polymers synthesized by condensation polymerization such as alkyd resins may also be used for the present invention.
  • the aqueous emulsion of alkyd resin is not prepared by emulsion polymerization, but by emulsification of an organic solution thereof. These aqueous emulsions may be added to aqueous solutions of water-soluble polymeric materials.
  • those which contain non-ionic or anionic surfactants are preferable for use with sheet materials for use in liquid development, since many cationic surfactants are more or less soluble in many nonpolar organic solvents suitable for use as the carrier liquid of a liquid developer, and will thereby lower the volume resistance of the carrier liquid.
  • a sheet coated with the emulsion which, after drying of the coating, is immersed in a purified carrier liquid to be tested for a sufficiently long period (comparable to liquid development conditions). The resistivity change of the liquid before and after immersion is measured. When the resistivity after immersion is not lower than 10 ohm-cm, the emulsion can be judged suitable for the sheet for use in liquid development.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 The practical structures of the recording materials made in accordance with the present invention are illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2.
  • FIG. 1, 1 is a substrate comprising, for example, paper, woven fabrics, non-woven fabrics of a fine structure, plastic films such as cellulose acetate, polycarbonates, polyethylene terephthalate, polystyrene, etc., or a wood board.
  • a sub coating 2 comprises a continuous phase of low resistance, and a discontinuous dispersed phase.
  • An electrophotographic lightsensitive layer, or an insulating electrographic recording layer 3, is coated thereon by the use of an organic solvent.
  • the electrophotographic recording layer may be of any type known in the art, comprising, for example, intimate mixtures of a resinous binder and inorganic photoconductive powders such as zinc oxide, cadmium sulfide, or selenium, an organic photoconductor, vacuum deposited selenium, etc. Electrographic recording layers may comprise solely insulating resinous materials or may be pigmented.
  • Such balancing coatings can be made of materials capable of forming a water-resistant film such as casein, gelatin, carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, etc.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates another embodiment of the present invention, in which a thin layer of high insulating property 5 is provided between the layers 2 and 3. Though a rather thick layer is shown in the drawing for schematic representation, a very thin layer is satisfactory, generally comprising a transparent thermosetting insulating resinous material. This layer acts to prevent carrier injection from the low resistive layer 2 into the recording layer 3, playing a very important role when an image exposure is carried out from the back side of the material.
  • Suitable materials for such coating include epoxide or alkyd resins, which are preferably cured.
  • the thickness may be about 0.5 to 5 microns.
  • Tendency to curl of the recording member is decreased by virtue of the reduced moisture absorbing property of the sub coating.
  • a subbing layer possessed of substantially the same properties but without plasticizer can be obtained by using a sub coating liquid prepared by adding the emulsion of soft polymer to a water-soluble polymer.
  • EXAMPLE 1 On the coated side of baryta coated paper was coated a sub coating having each of the following compositions listed on the middle column in the Table l, to give a dried thickness of about 3 microns. The coated sheets were kept for 40 hours in an atmosphere at 20 C. and 40 percent relative humidity.
  • the untreated baryta layer exhibited a surface resistivity of the order of 10 ohms/square under the same ambient conditions.
  • each of the above sub coatings exhibits a sufficiently low surface resistance.
  • a photoconductive recording layer comprising photoconductive zinc oxide and an alkyd resin binder utilizing toluol as the coating solvent.
  • the recording sheet after being completely dark-adapted, was subjected to electrophotographic procedures under the same ambient conditions as used for the surface resistance measurement. Development was carried out by a liquid developer containing extremely fine toner particles, which converted an electrostatic latent image corresponding to an optical step wedge made from a silver halide film.
  • EXAMPLE 3 This example differs from the first only in that an aqueous emulsion of polyvinyl acetate replaced the polybutyl methacrylate. Results were similarly good.
  • EXAMPLE 4 On a transparent sheet of cellulose triacetate film, having a thickness of 50 microns and bearing on one surface a gelatin containing sub coating suitable for accepting silver halide/gelatin emulsions, there was coated a cationic polymer (purchased from the Calgon Corp. in U. S. A.) which is sold under the trade name of Calgon Conductive Polymer 261.”
  • This layer though possessing a very low surface resistivity over a wide range of ambient humidity, has a tendency to become sticky or adhesive under relatively high humidity conditions.
  • EXAMPLE 5 Onto a transparent sheet of polyethylene terephthalate film, having a thickness of 100 microns and bearing on one surface a sub coating comprising a linear polyester resin purchased from Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co., sold under the trade name Vitel PE 200, was coated a mixture comprising:
  • EXAMPLE 6 Onto cellulose acetate film of 50 micron thickness there was provided the sub coating used for sample B in the first example. Then, a 2 micron thick insulating coating comprising an epoxide resin made from the condensation between epichlorohydrin and bisphenol A (purchased from Shell Chemical Co.), which is sold under the trade name number- Epikote 828, and a copolymer of maleic anhydride and acid styrene (mixing ratio 60:40) was coated in the form of an acetone solution. The coated film was kept at 80 C. to cure this insulating coating.
  • an epoxide resin made from the condensation between epichlorohydrin and bisphenol A (purchased from Shell Chemical Co.), which is sold under the trade name number- Epikote 828
  • a copolymer of maleic anhydride and acid styrene (mixing ratio 60:40) was coated in the form of an acetone solution. The coated film was kept at 80 C. to cure this
  • EXAMPLE 6 Onto one surface of document paper having a thickness of 60 microns there was coated the resistivity layer of sample D in Example 1 to a dried thickness of 2 microns. After drying of this coating, a toluol solution of polybutyl methacrylate was coated to yield an insulating layer of 6 microns on the dry base.
  • the dried insulating layer was brought into contact with pattern electrodes connected to a high voltage supply, and then developed. A clear and distinct toner image resulted.
  • the ratio of water-soluble polymer to water insoluble polymer is preferably within the range 40:60 :10, most preferably 50:50 to 75:25.
  • the non-volatile components concentration is most preferably within the range 5-40 percent by weight.
  • the emulsion particles most preferably have a range within the size 0.5-0.5 microns.
  • the polymers used can be characterized by their specific surface resistance. For the water-soluble polymer, this is less than 10 ohm/square (at 40 percent relative humidity and at room temperature), and the water insoluble polymer preferably illustrates a specific surface resistance greater than 10 ohm/square (40 percent R.H.; room temperature).
  • the molecular weight of the polymers used can vary anywhere from several ten-thousands to several hundred-thousands. This is not critical, as long as the other parameters heretofore set forth are met.
  • cationic aqueous polymers and emulsion particles having a cationic charge can be utilized.
  • anionic aqueous polymers and emulsion polymers having an anionic charge are useful in this invention.
  • a subbing layer prior to coating said recording layer on said substrate forming a subbing layer by coating the substrate with an aqueous subbing mixture which comprises a water-soluble, film-forming material in an aqueous solvent system, and an aqueous emulsion of a water-insoluble polymeric material incompatible with said water-soluble material, said subbing layer forming a continuous film whereby penetration of organic solvent into said substrate is prevented, said subbing layer illustrating a surface resistivity of no greater than 10 ohms/square at 40 percent relative humidity and at about room temperature,
  • said water-soluble film-forming material being an alkali metal salt of polyvinylbenzene sulfonic acid
  • said water-insoluble polymeric material being a member selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl acetate, polybutyl methacrylate and a copolymer of butadiene and methyl methacrylate.
  • aqueous subbing mixture is prepared by dissolving said water-soluble, filmforming polymeric material in an aqueous solvent system to form a solution, and by mixing said solution with an aqueous emulsion of said water-insoluble polymeric material which is incompatible with said water-soluble, film-forming polymeric material.
  • subbing layer is coated in an amount sufficient to have a dried thickness within the range of from about 0.5 to microns.
  • aqueous subbing mixture further contains a polyhydric alcohol compatible with said water-soluble, film-forming material.
  • said polyhydric alcohol is a member selected from the group consisting of glycerol, pentaerithritol, sorbitol, ethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, and polyoxyethylene glycol.
  • a subbing layer prior to coating said recording layer on said substrate forming a subbing layer by coating the substrate with an aqueous subbing mixture which comprises a water-soluble, film-forming material in an aqueous solvent system, and an aqueous emulsion of a water-insoluble polymeric material incompatible with said water-soluble material, said subbing layer forming a continuous film whereby penetration of organic solvent into said substrate is prevented, said subbing layer illustrating a surface resistivity of no greater than 10 ohms/square at 40 percent relative humidity and at about room temperature,
  • said water-soluble film-forming material being an alkali metal salt of polyvinylbenzene sulfonic acid
  • said water-insoluble polymeric material being a member selected from the group consisting of polyethyl acrylate, polybutyl acrylate, polyoctyl methacrylate, styrene-butadiene-copolymers, and butadiene-acrylonitrile copolymers.
  • a subbing layer prior to coating said recording layer on said substrate forming a subbing layer by coating the substrate with an aqueous subbing mixture which comprises a water-soluble, film-forming material in an aqueous solvent system, and an aqueous emulsion of a water-insoluble polymeric material incompatible with water soluble material, said subbing layer forming a continuous film whereby penetration of organic solvent into said substrate is prevented, said subbing layer illustrating a surface resistivity of no greater than 10" ohms/square at 40 percent relative humidity and at about room temperature,
  • said water-soluble, film-forming material being sulfonated polystyrene
  • said water-insoluble polymeric material being a member selected from the group consisting of polyvinyl acetate, polybutyl methacrylate and a copolymer of butadiene and methyl methacrylate.
  • subbing layer is coated in an amount sufficient to have a dried thickness within the range of from about 0.5 to 10 microns.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
US831879A 1968-06-10 1969-06-10 Method of producing an electrophotographic and electrographic recording member Expired - Lifetime US3656949A (en)

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BE (1) BE734288A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1929162C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2011512A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1259158A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3861912A (en) * 1972-03-13 1975-01-21 Dennison Mfg Co Pressure sensitive electrophotographic reproduction sheets
US3912511A (en) * 1970-05-18 1975-10-14 Xerox Corp Multicomponent organic coating of polyester, polyurethane and a humidity barrier thermoplastic resin
US3932179A (en) * 1973-05-31 1976-01-13 Eastman Kodak Company Electrophotographic element containing a polymeric multi-phase interlayer
US4049448A (en) * 1972-06-09 1977-09-20 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Process for producing an electrophotographic material in which a pinhole-filling dispersion is employed
US4948690A (en) * 1986-06-19 1990-08-14 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Electrophotographic photosensitive member with fine spherical resin powder
US5079037A (en) * 1989-12-28 1992-01-07 Xerox Corporation Resistive films comprising resistive short fibers in insulating film forming binder
US5110700A (en) * 1990-12-28 1992-05-05 Xerox Corporation Electrophotographic imaging member
US5911917A (en) * 1990-09-04 1999-06-15 Masters; Thomas R. Preserved cellular structures
US20080224088A1 (en) * 2003-12-22 2008-09-18 Jsr Corporation Emulsion Composition

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4340659A (en) * 1977-08-24 1982-07-20 Allied Paper Incorporated Electrostatic masters

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2315675A (en) * 1939-08-25 1943-04-06 Rohm & Haas Sizing of paper
US2999038A (en) * 1958-01-24 1961-09-05 Rohm & Haas Method of producing wet-strength papers
US3119731A (en) * 1960-11-04 1964-01-28 Waldhof Zellstoff Fab Retention of thermoplastic material on pulp by a reaction product of a nitrogenous base and a salt of carboxylic acid
US3403116A (en) * 1962-04-24 1968-09-24 Eastman Kodak Co Vinylidene chloride-ethylenically unsaturated monomer-ethylenically unsaturated acid-gelatin emulsion polymerized coating composition
US3431106A (en) * 1964-12-14 1969-03-04 American Zine Co Photoconductive zinc oxide coating compositions and method of producing them
US3469977A (en) * 1965-10-01 1969-09-30 Uniroyal Inc Electrostatic printing papers including a prime coating of a mixture of a terpolymer and an alkali metal silicate

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2315675A (en) * 1939-08-25 1943-04-06 Rohm & Haas Sizing of paper
US2999038A (en) * 1958-01-24 1961-09-05 Rohm & Haas Method of producing wet-strength papers
US3119731A (en) * 1960-11-04 1964-01-28 Waldhof Zellstoff Fab Retention of thermoplastic material on pulp by a reaction product of a nitrogenous base and a salt of carboxylic acid
US3403116A (en) * 1962-04-24 1968-09-24 Eastman Kodak Co Vinylidene chloride-ethylenically unsaturated monomer-ethylenically unsaturated acid-gelatin emulsion polymerized coating composition
US3431106A (en) * 1964-12-14 1969-03-04 American Zine Co Photoconductive zinc oxide coating compositions and method of producing them
US3469977A (en) * 1965-10-01 1969-09-30 Uniroyal Inc Electrostatic printing papers including a prime coating of a mixture of a terpolymer and an alkali metal silicate

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3912511A (en) * 1970-05-18 1975-10-14 Xerox Corp Multicomponent organic coating of polyester, polyurethane and a humidity barrier thermoplastic resin
US3861912A (en) * 1972-03-13 1975-01-21 Dennison Mfg Co Pressure sensitive electrophotographic reproduction sheets
US4049448A (en) * 1972-06-09 1977-09-20 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Process for producing an electrophotographic material in which a pinhole-filling dispersion is employed
US3932179A (en) * 1973-05-31 1976-01-13 Eastman Kodak Company Electrophotographic element containing a polymeric multi-phase interlayer
US4948690A (en) * 1986-06-19 1990-08-14 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Electrophotographic photosensitive member with fine spherical resin powder
US5079037A (en) * 1989-12-28 1992-01-07 Xerox Corporation Resistive films comprising resistive short fibers in insulating film forming binder
US5911917A (en) * 1990-09-04 1999-06-15 Masters; Thomas R. Preserved cellular structures
US5110700A (en) * 1990-12-28 1992-05-05 Xerox Corporation Electrophotographic imaging member
US20080224088A1 (en) * 2003-12-22 2008-09-18 Jsr Corporation Emulsion Composition
US7906035B2 (en) * 2003-12-22 2011-03-15 Jsr Corporation Emulsion composition

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2011512A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-03-06
GB1259158A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-01-05
DE1929162B2 (de) 1974-02-28
DE1929162C3 (de) 1974-09-26
DE1929162A1 (de) 1970-01-02
BE734288A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-11-17

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