US3645456A - Method for converting sheet cellulose pulp to defibrated pulp - Google Patents

Method for converting sheet cellulose pulp to defibrated pulp Download PDF

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Publication number
US3645456A
US3645456A US830042A US3645456DA US3645456A US 3645456 A US3645456 A US 3645456A US 830042 A US830042 A US 830042A US 3645456D A US3645456D A US 3645456DA US 3645456 A US3645456 A US 3645456A
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Prior art keywords
pulp
shredded
feed
conveyor
sheet
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Expired - Lifetime
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US830042A
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English (en)
Inventor
Stig Olof Grafstrom
Wils Verner Blomqvist
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Mo och Domsjo AB
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Mo och Domsjo AB
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/425—Cellulose series
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/70—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres
    • D04H1/72—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of fibres the fibres being randomly arranged
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21B—FIBROUS RAW MATERIALS OR THEIR MECHANICAL TREATMENT
    • D21B1/00—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment
    • D21B1/04—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment by dividing raw materials into small particles, e.g. fibres
    • D21B1/06—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment by dividing raw materials into small particles, e.g. fibres by dry methods
    • D21B1/066—Fibrous raw materials or their mechanical treatment by dividing raw materials into small particles, e.g. fibres by dry methods the raw material being pulp sheets

Definitions

  • Cellulose pulp is usually supplied by pulp mills either as rolls or as short sheets. In these forms, the cellulose pulp is compressed to a greater or a lesser extent, referred to as lightly pressed or low-density, medium-hard pressed or medium-density, and hard pressed or high-density pulp.
  • lightly pressed or low-density a greater or a lesser extent
  • medium-hard pressed or medium-density a greater or a lesser extent
  • hard pressed or high-density pulp the available defibrators for mechanically disintegrating cellulose pulp have been able to work only with cellulose pulps supplied in roll form in a lightly pressed condition. This limitation arises from several conditions.
  • Roll pulp is really a very long strip of sheet pulp, rolled up to form a large roll of about 1 ton in weight.
  • This form of sheet pulp can be fed to the defibrators with the expectation of obtaining a uniform and constant feed of disintegrated pulp fibers of uniform composition from the defibrator, since a roll is made up of like fibers prepared at the same time.
  • the pulp is in short sheet form, actually short lengths of sheet pulp, ranging from about 1 foot 4 inches to about 3 feet 4 inches in length which are cut and stacked at the mill, the sheets cannot be fed to the defibrators without interruption of feed during transitions between different sheets. The interruption disturbs the uniformity of the defibrated fibers delivered by the disintegrators.
  • the sheets are not uniform among themselves, since they may come from diflerent pulp stocks prepared at different times, and such variations in the feed from the defibrators cause the properties of the resulting pulp products to vary greatly.
  • This problem is especially difficult when the defibrated pulp is delivered directly to the fiber processing equipment. For instance, in the manufacture of diapers, defibrated pulp is delivered to the diaper machine straight from the defibrator, and variations in feed from the defibrator cause the absorbent properties of the diaper to vary greatly.
  • the reason only lightly pressed or low-density rolled pulp can be used is partly because of the difficulties in working mechanically hard and medium-hard pressed pulp, and partly because of the quantity of heat generated during the defibration.
  • the resistance of the pulp to mechanical work in the defibration process increases rapidly with increasing hardness of the pulp.
  • the quantity of heat generated can be so great, in fact, that the pulp can ignite, unless special precautions are taken to keep the pulp cool during defibration. Cooling is, of 7 course, difficult to effect and increases the costs.
  • the manufacturing costs increase appreciably when the pulp has a lesser hardness, partly because the pulp has a greater bulk, for the same weight of pulp fibers.
  • the pressure in the pressing portion of the pickup machine must be held low, when utilizing lightly pressed pulp, to avoid the formation of fiber bundles in the finished product.
  • the pulp arriving from the pressing portion of the machine contains large quantities of water. This in turn means that a larger quantity of steam is required to dry the pulp and remove the water, than is required when the pressure in the pickup machine is higher, and the drying time is correspondingly higher as well.
  • the restriction to the use of lightly pressed pulp is a great disad vantage.
  • a method for converting sheet pulp into defibrated pulp while ensuring relative uniformity of the defibrated pulp and arelatively uniform feed from the defibrators to any other processing equipment.
  • the sheet pulp is first shredded, and is then passed to a pulp uniformity regulating stage in which the pulp from a plurality of sheets is pooled, and a reserve supply retained in a pulp storage, sufficient to maintain a continuous feed of shredded pulp to the pulp disintegrators.
  • a portion of the pulp fedto the disintegrators is recycled to storage, to ensure homogeneous and uniform blending of the shredded pulp from different pulp sheets.
  • the result is a uniform continuous feed of a relatively uniform shredded pulp, despite any nonuniformity in the pulp sheets or in the shredding of the pulp sheets in the initial stage, and feeding of the shredded pulp to the pulp storage. Since the shredded pulp is fed uniformly to the defibrators, a uniform feed of defibrated pulp from the defibrators is obtained.
  • the invention also provides improved apparatus representing one embodiment of apparatus for carrying out the method, comprising, in combination, a storage vessel for shredded from the storage vessel to the pulp disintegrators than the latter can accept, and a second conveyor for recycling to the shredded'pulp storage such surplus portion of the shredded pulp from the first conveyor. This not onlyensures an adequate feed tothe disintegrators, since more is fed in the first conveyor than they will accept, but it also promotes pooling and blending of shredded pulp from a greater number of short pulp sheets.
  • the apparatus can also include, in combination, means for shredding pulp, means for conveying it to the pulp storage, and pulp defibrators to which the shredded pulp is fed.
  • shredded pulp as feed forthe defibrators offers two advantages. In the first place, it is possible in accordance with the invention to employ as a pulp source not only lightly I pressed sheet pulp, but also medium pressed and hard pressed sheet pulp. Pulp shredders are capable of operating with any of the available pressed forms of sheet pulp. Moreover, the invention makes it possible to employ short sheet pulp as opinterruption in the shredded.
  • the invention also affords the additional advantage that the shredded pulp from a plurality of pulp sheets can be homogeneously blended at'all times by recycling a portion of the shredded pulp fed to the defibrators.
  • This affords the opportunity for a blending' of pulp from a greater number of sheets than the capacity of the storage, since in effect the conveyor system capacity is added to the storage capacity.
  • This ensures that the shredded pulp delivered to the defibrators is in fact a blend of pulp obtained from a large plurality of pulp sheets.
  • the shredded pulp storage vessel creates a pool of shredded pulp that is relatively homogeneous and uniform, as compared to the pulp obtained only from the shredding of individual sheets.
  • Theinvention also provides control means for regulating the quantity of shredded pulp in storage fed to the conveyor to the defibrators, by constructing this so that its length is greater than its cross section, and so that the shredded pulp feed flow opening is small, in relation to the shredded pulp feed capacity to the storage.
  • i 1 i It is also possible to supply a level control device to register any range of the expected variations in the quantity of shredded pulp fed to the storage, and/or the variations in the level of the pulp present in the storage between high and low limits. These. registrations can then be used in a suitable manner to control the feed of sheet pulp to the shredding apparatus, so that any variations in the quantity of shredded pulp in storage are automatically obtained within desirable and appropriate limits by regulation of the quantity of sheet pulp fed to the shredding apparatus.
  • FIG. 1 is 'a perspective view of the pulp shredding and hredded pulpblending apparatus of the invention, with its respective lower and upper shredded pulp feed conveyors;
  • FIG. 2 shows in perspective, from below, the upper conveyor trough of theapparatus illustrated in FIG. 1.
  • the apparatus shown in FIG. 1 includes a hammer mill 1 for shredding short sheet cellulose pulp.
  • the sheet cellulose pulp is supplied to the hammer mill by the pair of feed rollers 2.
  • a feed hopper 3 which is arranged to guide the pulp shredded in the hammer mill freely downwards to the feed-in opening of a lower screw conveyor 4, arranged horizontally beneath the hopper.
  • the screw conveyor 4 comprises a U-shaped trough, having a conveyor screw joumaled therein.
  • the worm of the screw is threaded in two different directions; the two portions of the screw conveyor 4 are identified by the references 4a and 4b.
  • Shredded pulp moves from both ends of the screw 4 towards the center of the conveyor, to a vertically mounted worm 5.
  • The'portion 4a is arranged to feed shredded pulp thehammer mill 1 is effected by an ultrasonic control device from the hopper 3 to the screw conveyor 5, while the portion 4b is arranged to feed shredded pulp from the other end of the trough 4 towards the screw conveyor 5.
  • the screw conveyor 5 is enclosed within a cylindrical chimney, which opens at its upper end into a hopper 6.
  • the conveyor 5 lifts shredded pulp from the first conveyor 4 to the hopper 6.
  • the hopper 6 serves as a shredded pulp storage vessel for maintaining an ample normal supply plus a reserve supply of pulp for'the pulp defibrators or disintegrators 11a, llbandllc. i
  • the hopper 6 has a special construction to limit feed of shredded pulp to the conveyor 8 to less than the feed capacity of conveyors 4, 5 and the hammer mill 1. It is longer than itis wide, and its through-flow opening is small in relation to this feed capacity, although it is of course capable of supplying the conveyors-10a, 10b, to theirfcapacity plus a surplus for recycling. In normal operation, the hopper 6 'is maintained approximately halffull with pulp. This is an ample supply'to ensure uniformity of feed of shredded pulp fed to the idisintegrators,
  • the ultrasonic control device is connected to the prime mover (not shown) for the feed rolls 2, so that at the higher level in the hopper'6, the feed rate is decreased, and at the lower level in the hopper 6,'the
  • feed rate is increased, thus maintaining the level of shredded pulp in the hopper between these two limits.
  • the hopper 6 is arranged to feed shredded pulp into the upper horizontal screw conveyor 8.
  • the conveyor 8 is provided with a U-shaped trough, at the underside of which are arranged, in series, three rectangular transverselyextending ranged to feed'shredded pulp to each of the defibrators 11a,
  • the defibrators are of known construction, and are accordingly shown only diagrammatically. Each defibrator can in turn be connected to a machine 'for further processing of the defibrated pulp, such as, for instance, a machine which manufacturers diapers.
  • the upper conveyor 8 is provided with a connection to the lower conveyor 4 for recycling of a portion of the shredded pulp fed through the conveyor 8, if desired. All that is necessary to obtain recycling is to feed to the conveyor 8 more shredded pulp than will be accepted for feed to the defibrators through the openings 90, 9b, 90, as a result of which any surplus shredded pulp proceeds to the end of the conveyor 8.
  • the apparatus functions as follows. In starting up, in order to build up a sufficient supply of shredded pulp in the storage 6,
  • the sheet pulp is shredded in the hammer mill into small pieces, for instance, pieces approximately 2 cm. in'their largest diameter, after which the shredded pulp is passed to the sheet pulp is fed to the hammer mill 1 by thefeed rolls 2 in a quantity which exceeds the total quantity hopper 6 via the conveyor 4, screw portion 4hr, and conveyor 5.
  • the greater portion of this pulp is fed directly to the conveyor fl while a smaller quantity remains behind in the hopper 6, building up the reserve supply until feed is reduced.
  • the shredded pulp leaving the hopper 6 is conveyed by the conveyor 3 to the openings 90, 9b, 9c, whence it falls through into the underlying conveyors a, lllb, title, in a quantity which is determined by the size of the openings, the capacity of the conveyors it, lltla, 10b, We, and the extent to which they are filled.
  • the quantity of shredded pulp that passes to the conveyors 10a, l-llb, lltlc is the maximum that they can accept, but only a portion of the pulp that is fed to the conveyor 8.
  • the remainder of the shredded pulp passes to the hopper l3, and is thence recycled by the screw db of the conveyor l to the vertical screw conveyor 5 and returned to storage 6. This ensures a homogeneous and uniform mixing of the pulp from a large plurality of pulp sheets.
  • the pulp passed to the conveyors 10a, llllb, lltlc, is transported thereby to the defibrators, in which the pulp is defibrated, and can then be passed to further processing stages.
  • the level of pulp in the hopper continues to rise, provided that the rate of feed to the hammer mill and the rate of discharge from the hammer mill are unchanged.
  • the level of pulp in the storage 6 has reached the upper level at which the ultrasonic control device 7 is activated, to slow the rate of feed of sheet pulp via the rollers 2, an impulse is sent to the prime mover of the feed rollers 2, so that the feed of sheet pulp is decreased.
  • the amount of pulp passed to the hammer mill now is reduced, and so is the amount of shredded pulp passed to the storage 6, while at the same time the rate of feed of pulp to the defibrators is not decreased.
  • the untrasonic control device 7 can also be arranged so that it actuates the feed means so as to keep approximately equal the rate of feed of shredded pulp to the storage and to the defibrators, by means of continuous impulses corresponding to a narrower range of levels in the hopper. in this way, the variations in the feed rate are less, and the feed is even more uniform. However, they can never be the same when short sheet pulp is used, because the intermittent halts between successive sheets of pulp, however brief these may be.
  • the level in the hopper 6 will rise again, because now shredded pulp is not being fed through one of the openings 9a, 9b and 9c, and the amount of shredded pulp recycled increases, thus reducing the rat of removal of pulp from the hopper.
  • the ultrasonic control device 7 then activates the primer mover for the feed rollers 2, and the rate of feed of shredded sheet pulp is reduced.
  • the ultrasonic control device can be arranged to send further signals until the feed has been reduced to an extent at which the level in the hopper 6 still falls within the upper and lower levels for which it is designed. if all conveyors lltl are stopped, or fail for some reason, the feed to the hammer mill is stopped automatically and completely by the ultrasonic control device.
  • the pulp storage ti fulfills very important functions. lt takes up the variations in the feed from the hammer mill causedby an intermittent feed of short sheet pulp to the mill, or by the time taken, for instance, to affix a new roll of pulp to the feeding means. it makes possible by means of ultrasonic control device 7 a fully automatic feeding of the shredded sheet pulp, and ensures that the quantity of pulp present at any given moment in the conveyor system to the defibrators beyond the storage 6 is essentially constant.
  • the pulp shredding means can, of course, be any type of pulp shredding means that is known to the art.
  • a hammer mill is illustrated, and is preferred, but other types of pulp shredding means that can be used comprise rotary devices provided with knives, toothed rolls and the like.
  • a hammer mill is preferred, because it does not solely shred the sheet into small pieces, but also loosens the fibers in the separate pieces.
  • the level maintaining mechanism in the storage 6 need not be an ultrasonic control device, but can any type of level detector, arranged to operate optically, mechanically, or electrically. Such means are, of course, well known.
  • the conveyor t can be arranged as a conventional screw conveyor, and this conveyor can be arranged to slope up wardly in the direction of transport, so as to intersect the conveyor fl.
  • the vertical conveyor 5 can then be omitted, and both the shredding means and the conveyor intended for surplus pulp can be connected directly to the conveyor 8 via the hopper 6:.
  • This embodiment also prevents pulp located in the upper portion of the trough at the discharge end from falling downwards, as the result of the subpressure in the subsequent defibrators lllla, llllb, lllc, and being fed from the conveyors in lumps. It is also possible to reduce the diameter of the worm screw at the feeding end of the conveyors while retaining the diameter of the trough, so that the distance between the worm and the trough at the feed-in end increases the direction towards the feed opening. Such an embodiment affords the advantage of eliminating the risk of overloading the conveyor motor when the amount of pulp from the preceding conveyor is too great.
  • a method for converting pulp in solid pressed sheet form into delibrated pulp while ensuring relative uniformity of the defibrated pulp and a relatively uniform feed of the ditibrated pulp to any other processing equipment which comprises feeding the solid pressed shut pulp to the shredder, shredding the sheet pulp, passing the shredded pulp particles to a pulp uniformity regulating stage, pooling the shredded pulp particles from a plurality of sheets, in the pulp uniformity regulating stage and storing the shredded pooled pulp particles in a sufiicient reserve supply to maintain a continuous and relatively uniform feed of shredded pulp particles therefrom, and feeding the shredded pulp particles from the reserve supply relatively uniformly and continuously to a pulp disintegrating stage.
  • a method according to claim 1 in which a portion of the pulp fed to the disintegrating stage is recycled to storage, to ensure homogeneous and relatively uniform blending of the shredded pulp from different pulp sheets, and a relatively

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)
  • Crushing And Grinding (AREA)
  • Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
US830042A 1968-06-05 1969-06-03 Method for converting sheet cellulose pulp to defibrated pulp Expired - Lifetime US3645456A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE7547/68A SE318777B (zh) 1968-06-05 1968-06-05

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US3645456A true US3645456A (en) 1972-02-29

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US (1) US3645456A (zh)
AT (1) AT301321B (zh)
BE (1) BE733832A (zh)
FI (1) FI51839C (zh)
FR (1) FR2011509A1 (zh)
GB (1) GB1248658A (zh)
IE (1) IE33120B1 (zh)
NL (1) NL138861B (zh)
SE (1) SE318777B (zh)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5322225A (en) * 1991-05-23 1994-06-21 Diatec Recycling Technologies Ltd. Process of recycling of disposable diapers and the machine components thereof
US5429311A (en) * 1992-05-22 1995-07-04 Dia Tec Recycling Technologies, Ltd. Process of recycling of disposable diapers and the machine components thereof
WO1995024967A1 (en) * 1994-03-14 1995-09-21 Dia Tec Recycling Technologies Process and apparatus for recycling disposable diapers
CN102814227A (zh) * 2012-08-23 2012-12-12 成都利君科技有限责任公司 一种有色金属矿粉磨浮选的方法

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2446551A (en) * 1945-10-19 1948-08-10 Weyerhaeuser Timber Co Separation of pure bark fiber from finely comminuted bark
US3154255A (en) * 1961-03-01 1964-10-27 Amberley Co Method of reclaiming cellulsoe fibers from thermoplastic coated cellulosic webs
US3493182A (en) * 1966-11-02 1970-02-03 Andrew Szegvari Grinding and apparatus therefor

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2446551A (en) * 1945-10-19 1948-08-10 Weyerhaeuser Timber Co Separation of pure bark fiber from finely comminuted bark
US3154255A (en) * 1961-03-01 1964-10-27 Amberley Co Method of reclaiming cellulsoe fibers from thermoplastic coated cellulosic webs
US3493182A (en) * 1966-11-02 1970-02-03 Andrew Szegvari Grinding and apparatus therefor

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5322225A (en) * 1991-05-23 1994-06-21 Diatec Recycling Technologies Ltd. Process of recycling of disposable diapers and the machine components thereof
US5429311A (en) * 1992-05-22 1995-07-04 Dia Tec Recycling Technologies, Ltd. Process of recycling of disposable diapers and the machine components thereof
WO1995024967A1 (en) * 1994-03-14 1995-09-21 Dia Tec Recycling Technologies Process and apparatus for recycling disposable diapers
CN102814227A (zh) * 2012-08-23 2012-12-12 成都利君科技有限责任公司 一种有色金属矿粉磨浮选的方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI51839C (fi) 1977-04-12
SE318777B (zh) 1969-12-15
FI51839B (zh) 1976-12-31
FR2011509A1 (zh) 1970-03-06
AT301321B (de) 1972-08-25
GB1248658A (en) 1971-10-06
NL138861B (nl) 1973-05-15
IE33120B1 (en) 1974-03-20
BE733832A (zh) 1969-11-03
NL6908450A (zh) 1969-12-09
DE1927540A1 (de) 1970-01-02
IE33120L (en) 1969-12-05

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