US3638569A - Method and equipment for the elimination of mine blockades - Google Patents

Method and equipment for the elimination of mine blockades Download PDF

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Publication number
US3638569A
US3638569A US845148A US3638569DA US3638569A US 3638569 A US3638569 A US 3638569A US 845148 A US845148 A US 845148A US 3638569D A US3638569D A US 3638569DA US 3638569 A US3638569 A US 3638569A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
explosive
minefield
hose
mixture
grid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US845148A
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English (en)
Inventor
Frank Rudolf Thomanek
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Airbus Defence and Space GmbH
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Messerschmitt Bolkow Blohm AG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H11/00—Defence installations; Defence devices
    • F41H11/12—Means for clearing land minefields; Systems specially adapted for detection of landmines
    • F41H11/14—Explosive line charges, e.g. snakes

Definitions

  • the recoil from the ejected 2,455,354 12/1948 BISCh ..l02/22 explosive is utilized to propel the rocket forward and or 219251038 2/1960 walker [02/23 ward.
  • the explosive may also be ejected through a nozzle gun 219671099 1961 Pool 102/23 X connected to a container on a land vehicle such as a tank. 2,975,045 3/1961 Perry et al..
  • This invention relates in general to a method and equipment for the elimination of mine blockades or similar obstacles, and in particular to a new and useful method for applying an explosive charge over the mined area which is adapted to be detonated in order to detonate the minesand render them harmless.
  • a blasting charge is laid across the minefield as an explosive gas or a gas mixture or as a mixture of a gas and a liquid or even of two solid components such as in the form of explosive foams.
  • homogeneous gases capable of detonation is basically possible in theory.
  • mixtures of preferably two gas components or suspensions will generally be used in practice as smoke or mist in a gas.
  • the gas may also be ordinary air.
  • Gases may be stored and transported without danger in bottles, perhaps under high pressure or in liquefied state. Mixing the components to form a gas or a mixture which is capable of detonation need take place only immediately prior to the blasting so that all danger to the operating personnel and the transportation vehicle is obviated.
  • air may be used as one of the gases which may be processed just prior to the blasting operation into a brisant explosive gas by means of a blower with acetylene, for example. Transporting an oxygen component to the site in bottles or in similar containers is thus not required and thus the transportation volume will also be saved.
  • the gaseous explosive may be composed in a stoichiometric ratio.
  • the explosive gas mixture may also contain a fuel excess which will react with the oxygen of the air suddenly after a first explosion, that is, after the initial detonation there is an after explosion of the residues which are still unreacted with the oxygen of the air.
  • an explosive substance in the form of gases, liquids or solids or mixtures thereof, in the form of a fog or in the form of a foam may be distributed over the mined area for the purpose of producing an explosion.
  • the composition may include a gas mixture which reacts in a first explosion, and a LII liquid or solid particle mixture which reacts with oxygen of the air in a second explosion.
  • a reactable mist may be so mixed with the surrounding air that the second reaction will immediately take place following the first in the form of a dust explosion.
  • an explosion gas may consist of hydrogen and oxygen.
  • acetylene or carbon disulfide with oxygen or both fuels with air.
  • the invention in the present case is not considered to be limited in respect to the use of the specific substances mentioned, but rather covers generally all explosive gas mixtures or homogeneous gases.
  • Arranging the explosive gas, the explosive foam or gas mixture over the mine blockaded area to be broken up can be done in the simplest manner in the free air, for example, by flowing out the substance while flying over the blockade with a device such as a remote-controlled rocket which is formed as a carrier. .
  • the fueldroppingdown forms with the. oxygen of W the air an explosive mixture, which, being ignited immediately after being spread, will exert a detonating shock upon the ground and hence upon the mines or their triggering devices.
  • Such an operating mode or arrangement requires small fuel quantities only sufficient to lay a train of fire with energyladen shock waves over the mine blockade. in so doing it is disadvantageous if the materials form droplets when they are blown out or solids which drop in mist form to the ground too quickly.
  • the container is advantageously wound into a coil which is deposited at the edge of the blockade to be eliminated and is permitted to unwind automatically as it is blown up by the explosive gas or by the explosive gas mixture or foam and thus it will lay itself across the blockade.
  • the grid is formed by inflatable hose elements a plurality of which extend parallelly in a longitudinal direction and they are spaced apart and held in the longitudinal orientation by cross hose elements.
  • the resultant structure is a grid or mat form which may be folded and coiled up but which will uncoil and unfold outwardly when blown up.
  • Such mats may be produced at very little cost from plastic materials or from suitable elastic or other rubber materials in suitable sizes and shapes. They may be relatively thin-walled and yet relatively tear resistant so that they can be laid into open terrain without being damaged. Because compressed gases will propagate the explosion faster than uncompressed gases and at speeds approaching that of a solid explosive it is advantageous if the containers are pres suretight, or at least to some extent.
  • a rocket powered container containing the explosive mixture or explosive foam flies over the blockade and ejects and spreads the explosive foam as it proceeds.
  • the recoil from the ejected foam may be utilized to propel the rocket of the device either forwardly or upwardly.
  • the aircraft may be in a form of a rocket having discharges or nozzles which are oriented to direct the material downwardly over the blockaded area, or
  • the material may be carried on a land vehicle and spread over the minefield by spraying it outwardly under a high propelling force.
  • it is an object of the invention to provide a method for eliminating mine blockades or similar obstacles which comprises directing an explosive blasting charge over the blockaded area in the form of an explosive gas, or a gas mixture, or a mixture of a gas and liquid, or of a solid and liquid or gas in the form for example, of a foam, and thereafter igniting the explosive charge to detonate the mines of the blockaded area.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide an improved device for positioning an explosive over a mined area which comprises an inflatable and windable grid having a plurality of passages in which an explosive is positioned which is adapted to he placed over the blockaded area to be destroyed for exampie by inflation and unwinding of the grid outwardly onto the area.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a device for applying an explosive for detonating mines in a minefield which comprises either a rocket or a land vehicle having means for directing the explosive material outwardly in the form of a spray or mist.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a device for exploding mines in a blockaded area which is simple in design, rugged in construction and economical to manufacture.
  • FIG. 1 is a top perspective view of a hose mat for applying an explosive charge over a minefield as constructed in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. I of another embodiment of mat
  • FIG. 3 is a view similar to FIG. 2 of still another embodiment of mat
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic side elevational view of a vehicle in a mat laying position
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic side elevational view of a rocket employed for laying an explosive charge in a minefield
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic side elevational view of a tank vehicle employed for laying an explosive in a minefield.
  • the invention embodied therein comprises an explosive carrying mat or grid generally designated 50 which includes four longitudinally extending hose portions 1, 2, 3 and 4, which are combined at their filling end by intermediate hose pieces 5, 6, 7 and 8, to form a common mouthpiece or filling part 9.
  • Attached to the conical mouthpiece is a filling hose l0 and a lead in for a fuse cord 11.
  • a suitable fuse (not shown) is disposed inside the mouthpiece for igniting the explosive which is adapted to be contained in the mat 50 after the mat is laid over a mined area in an extended position as indicated in FIG. 1.
  • the mat 50 also includes cross members or connecting hoses 27, 28, 29 and 39, 3] and 32, etc., extending between the longitudinal members l, 2, 3 and 4 along the entire length of the mat.
  • the mat 50 thus provides explosive-filled parts which cover a plurality of small rectangular fields which when the mat is extended will be distributed over the complete minefield area which is to be cleared of mines.
  • the spacing of the individual rectangular areas is such that the blasting effect at any point of the field is sufficient when the hose is detonated to cause the fuses of the mine to respond even if they are hidden in the screened fields or are at locations alongside the hoses.
  • a mat or grid generally designated 52, which includes longitudinally extending side hoses l3 and 14, which are combined into a mouthpiece l2 and which are connected by a plurality of crossmembers, in this example two crossmembers l5 and 16.
  • the structure of the mat 52 is similar to that of a ladder and in its rolled up condition the hose will require very little space and may be easily stored.
  • Several such blasting mats 52 may be provided and arranged in side-by-side arrangement if wider lanes are to be blasted through the minefield.
  • a blasting mat generally designated 54 comprises three longitudinal hoses l8, l9 and 20 which are interconnected by transverse hoses 21, 22, 23, 24 etc.
  • the hoses 21, 22, 23, 24 etc. are arranged in herringbone fashion and extend obliquely.
  • the longitudinal elements are combined to a mouthpiece 25 which is connected to a filler hose 26 andit is equipped with a lead in for an electrical fuse cord 33.
  • the mats 50, 52 and 54 may be transported in a folded condition before they are inflated.
  • the outer hoses are folded to the middle before the empty hose mat is rolled up so that the longitudinal hoses l8, l9 and 20 lie literally next to each other as shown in the rear portion of FIG. 3.
  • the three longitudinal elements 18, 19 and 20 may be accommodated in a space which is not much greater than that of the construction of mat 52 indicated in FIG. 2.
  • a hose mat generally designated 56 is shown being laid by a vehicle such as a tank 58.
  • a vehicle such as a tank 58.
  • the tank 58 or other armored vehicle need only be driven up to the beginning 62 of the minefield and the coiled hose mat 56 is then deposited in front of the tank and permitted to unwind by being inflated.
  • the mat 56 is filled through an inflation line 60 to cause the mat to unwind as il lustrated.
  • the hose may be filled with a gaseous or foamy explosive and as the filling progresses the mat will gradually extend into the minefield.
  • the detonation is started by means of a detonator with retardation so that it will spread quickly through the longitudinal and transverse hoses and cover the mined widty.
  • the mines deposited below the mat are made harmless even if the blasting hoses are detonated at a distance above the ground.
  • a rocket 35 is equipped with control surfaces or wings 42 and includes nozzles 36 for spraying an explosive foam 37.
  • the rocket 35 may be guided across the minefield by remote control and the explosive foam 37 is ejected during flight and will drop to the ground and cover the overflown area of a mined terrain in the manner of a carpet 38.
  • the recoil of the explosive escaping through the nozzle 36 can be utilized to propel the rocket 35 forwardly and/or upwardly as desired.
  • the explosive foam carpet 38 which is deposited will be detonated for example by a detonation line such as a hose 62 filled with a cletonating explosive 63, which for example may have a weighted end 64 which is shot across the minefield or even laid by the rocket 35 as it progresses.
  • a detonation line such as a hose 62 filled with a cletonating explosive 63, which for example may have a weighted end 64 which is shot across the minefield or even laid by the rocket 35 as it progresses.
  • an armored land vehicle or caterpillar tractor vehicle 39 includes a large container 40 which contain ingredients required to generate a foam in the form of an explosive mixture of a solid, liquid or gas.
  • the foam is deposited over the mined area to be cleared by directing it outwardly under pressure through a nozzle gun 41 so that it is deposited as a blanket 37 which settles on the ground and is subsequently detonated by a device similar to the arrangement indicated in FIG. 5.
  • the invention may be carried out by the use of an oxyhydrogen gas.
  • the invention is not restricted to such an explosive mixture but may be employed for all explosive gases, explosive foams and gas mixtures.
  • an oxyhydrogen gas When an oxyhydrogen gas is employed it may for example have a density of 1.3 kgJm". This means compared to the density of traditional blasting charges in a solid state which extends over a range of 1,500 to l,750 kg./m for an identical explosive volume, less than one fifteen-hundredths weight units of the explosive gas are required in comparison with the conventional explosives. in other words instead of a 1.5 square centimeter fuse cord cross section, a hose of roughly 250 mm. diameter could be filled with an explosive gas in order to blast a wide lane through a minefield.
  • a device for laying an explosive blanket over a minefield or similar obstacle comprising a grid having a plurality of longitudinally extending hose elements interconnected by a plurality of transversely extending hose elements, said hose elements being formed together in pressuretight and gastight manner and being in communication with a common filling opening, filling means for filling said hose with an explosive mixture, and ignition means extending through said grid for igniting the explosive mixture therein.
  • said grid is made up of bendable hose elements, said grid being windable into a coil, said filling means including a blower for blowing the explosive charge into said grid in a manner to cause the grid to uncoil as it is being filled.
  • said grid comprises at least four laterally spaced longitudinal hose portions a plurality of transverse hose portions interconnecting said longitudinal hose portions.
  • transverse hose portions extend at right angles to said longitudinal hose portions.
  • transverse hose portions extend obliquely to said longitudinal portions.
  • a device wherein said mat may be folded up by moving said longitudinal portions into side-byside juxtaposition and folding said oblique transverse portions, said mat being uncoilable when blown up and being also unfoldable laterally to each side during its uncoiling.
  • a device for laying an explosive charge in a minefield comprising an aircraft, means for propelling an aircraft over the minefield, container means on said aircraft for storing an explosive mixture in the form of a gas, liquid and gas liquid and solid mixture, and nozzle means connected to said container means for blowing the mixture out in the form of a foam or veillike blanket which is laid over the minefield by said aircraft.
  • a device for applying an explosive blanket over a minefield comprising a movable vehicle a container carried on a vehicle, and nozzle means connected to said container for directing an explosive mixture outwardly as a spray which will settle as a blanket over the minefield.
  • a method for eliminating mine blockades or similar obstacles using a blasting charge comprising a gas mixture containing a fuel excess comprising laying a blanket in the form of a grid or solid area of the blasting charge in the form of a mat, foam or mist over the area, igniting the blasting charge to cause a first detonation and explosion and after the first explosion igniting the excess fuel by reacting it with oxygen of the air whereby to cause triggering of the mines to render them harmless.
  • said explosive charge comprises a multiple component mixture of gases and liquid or solid substances distributed in the mixture in the form of a fog or mist or a foam, and wherein a part of the gas mixture is reacted in a first explosion and the liquid or solid particles are mixed with the oxygen of the air and reacted in a second explosion.
  • a method for laying an explosive blanket over a minefield or similar obstacle course using a grid having a plurality of longitudinally and transversely extending interconnected hose elements formed together in a pressuretight and gastight manner comprising filling the hose elements with an explosive mixture to cause it to spread out over a minefield, and igniting the explosive mixture to cause an explosion in the minefield.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
  • Drilling And Exploitation, And Mining Machines And Methods (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
US845148A 1968-08-01 1969-07-28 Method and equipment for the elimination of mine blockades Expired - Lifetime US3638569A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19681703933 DE1703933A1 (de) 1968-08-01 1968-08-01 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Beseitigung von Minensperren

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US845148A Expired - Lifetime US3638569A (en) 1968-08-01 1969-07-28 Method and equipment for the elimination of mine blockades

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US (1) US3638569A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1703933A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR2014848A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1259319A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4008644A (en) * 1973-12-20 1977-02-22 Lutz Tilo Kayser Clearing of land mines
US4823672A (en) * 1987-08-24 1989-04-25 Science Applications International Corporation Apparatus and method for neutralizing mine fields
US4967636A (en) * 1988-09-23 1990-11-06 Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of National Defence Fuel-air line-charge ordnance neutralizer
GB2243827A (en) * 1988-08-10 1991-11-13 Canada Minister Defence Foamable explosive compositions
US5323683A (en) * 1991-10-31 1994-06-28 Etienne Lacroix Tous Artifices S.A. Systems including a deployable elongate pyrotechnical-function element
WO1996012928A1 (en) * 1994-10-24 1996-05-02 Tracor Aerospace, Inc. Aerial deployment of an explosive array
WO1999030966A1 (en) * 1997-12-12 1999-06-24 Millennium Innovations Ltd. Immobiliser device
US6152010A (en) * 1998-04-27 2000-11-28 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Wide-area slurry mine clearance
US6484617B1 (en) 1999-05-10 2002-11-26 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Assembly and process for controlled burning of landmine without detonation
US20090188379A1 (en) * 2008-01-25 2009-07-30 Hiza Sarah B Methods of preventing initiation of explosive devices, deactivated explosive devices, and a method of disrupting communication between a detonation device and an explosive device
US20100294894A1 (en) * 2007-05-08 2010-11-25 John Choate Sonic boom overpressure to minimize uncontrolled movement, to prevent smuggling and for border or site location control
US8037797B1 (en) * 2006-07-10 2011-10-18 Bae Systems Information And Electronic Systems Integration Inc. Method for breaching a minefield
JP2012202599A (ja) * 2011-03-25 2012-10-22 Ihi Aerospace Co Ltd 広範囲地雷原処理装置
US9027455B1 (en) * 2012-11-06 2015-05-12 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Slurry line charge mine clearance system and method
US9776932B2 (en) * 2013-03-06 2017-10-03 Matrix X, Llc Explosive matrix assembly
RU2774088C1 (ru) * 2021-11-30 2022-06-15 Федеральное государственное казенное военное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Военный учебно-научный центр Военно-Морского Флота "Военно-морская академия им. Адмирала Флота Советского Союза Н.Г. Кузнецова" Способ разминирования фарватера

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2551668A1 (de) * 1975-11-18 1977-06-02 Morlock Guenter Dipl Phys Verfahren und vorrichtung, um feindliche land-, see- und luftfahrzeuge ganz oder teilweise ausser funktion zu setzen
DE3639769A1 (de) * 1986-11-21 1988-06-01 Krauss Maffei Ag Minenraeumvorrichtung
GB2199289A (en) * 1986-12-30 1988-07-06 Nash Frazer Ltd Minefield clearing systems
DE3826731A1 (de) * 1988-08-05 1990-02-08 Krauss Maffei Ag Einrichtung zur beseitigung von sprengkoerpern
GB8916604D0 (en) * 1989-07-20 1989-09-06 Canada Minister Defence Method for chemical initiation of detonation in fuel-air explosive clouds
RU2127414C1 (ru) * 1998-05-21 1999-03-10 Закрытое акционерное общество "АРЛИ спецтехника" Устройство для траления мин с натяжными датчиками цели
DE10155533C2 (de) * 2001-11-12 2003-12-18 Andreas Roser Vorrichtung zum Auffinden von Land- oder Seeminen
RU2290596C2 (ru) * 2002-07-09 2006-12-27 Специальное конструкторско-технологическое бюро прикладной робототехники Московского государственного технического университета им. Н.Э. Баумана Метаемый снаряд
RU2245506C1 (ru) * 2004-02-26 2005-01-27 Закрытое акционерное общество "АРЛИ спецтехника" Устройство для траления мин с натяжными датчиками цели
RU2245507C1 (ru) * 2004-03-17 2005-01-27 Закрытое акционерное общество "АРЛИ спецтехника" Устройство для траления мин с натяжными датчиками цели

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2455354A (en) * 1945-08-03 1948-12-07 James L Bisch Mine destroyer
US2925038A (en) * 1944-08-30 1960-02-16 Walker Brooks Method of clearing mine fields
US2967099A (en) * 1957-06-25 1961-01-03 John E Pool Foamed liquid explosive composition
US2975045A (en) * 1947-10-31 1961-03-14 James W Perry Explosive compositions and processes for producing explosions on surfaces
US2993648A (en) * 1959-01-05 1961-07-25 Phillips Petroleum Co Jet propelled spraying device
US3112669A (en) * 1960-12-14 1963-12-03 Snecma Controlled-jet-supported hovering platform chiefly for use in mine clearing

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2925038A (en) * 1944-08-30 1960-02-16 Walker Brooks Method of clearing mine fields
US2455354A (en) * 1945-08-03 1948-12-07 James L Bisch Mine destroyer
US2975045A (en) * 1947-10-31 1961-03-14 James W Perry Explosive compositions and processes for producing explosions on surfaces
US2967099A (en) * 1957-06-25 1961-01-03 John E Pool Foamed liquid explosive composition
US2993648A (en) * 1959-01-05 1961-07-25 Phillips Petroleum Co Jet propelled spraying device
US3112669A (en) * 1960-12-14 1963-12-03 Snecma Controlled-jet-supported hovering platform chiefly for use in mine clearing

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4008644A (en) * 1973-12-20 1977-02-22 Lutz Tilo Kayser Clearing of land mines
US4823672A (en) * 1987-08-24 1989-04-25 Science Applications International Corporation Apparatus and method for neutralizing mine fields
GB2243827A (en) * 1988-08-10 1991-11-13 Canada Minister Defence Foamable explosive compositions
GB2243827B (en) * 1988-08-10 1994-05-11 Canada Minister Defence Foamable explosive compositions
US4967636A (en) * 1988-09-23 1990-11-06 Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada, As Represented By The Minister Of National Defence Fuel-air line-charge ordnance neutralizer
US5323683A (en) * 1991-10-31 1994-06-28 Etienne Lacroix Tous Artifices S.A. Systems including a deployable elongate pyrotechnical-function element
WO1996012928A1 (en) * 1994-10-24 1996-05-02 Tracor Aerospace, Inc. Aerial deployment of an explosive array
US5524524A (en) * 1994-10-24 1996-06-11 Tracor Aerospace, Inc. Integrated spacing and orientation control system
US5675104A (en) * 1994-10-24 1997-10-07 Tracor Aerospace, Inc. Aerial deployment of an explosive array
WO1999030966A1 (en) * 1997-12-12 1999-06-24 Millennium Innovations Ltd. Immobiliser device
US6152010A (en) * 1998-04-27 2000-11-28 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Wide-area slurry mine clearance
US6484617B1 (en) 1999-05-10 2002-11-26 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Assembly and process for controlled burning of landmine without detonation
US8037797B1 (en) * 2006-07-10 2011-10-18 Bae Systems Information And Electronic Systems Integration Inc. Method for breaching a minefield
US20100294894A1 (en) * 2007-05-08 2010-11-25 John Choate Sonic boom overpressure to minimize uncontrolled movement, to prevent smuggling and for border or site location control
US20090188379A1 (en) * 2008-01-25 2009-07-30 Hiza Sarah B Methods of preventing initiation of explosive devices, deactivated explosive devices, and a method of disrupting communication between a detonation device and an explosive device
US7810421B2 (en) 2008-01-25 2010-10-12 Alliant Techsystems Inc. Methods of preventing initiation of explosive devices
JP2012202599A (ja) * 2011-03-25 2012-10-22 Ihi Aerospace Co Ltd 広範囲地雷原処理装置
US9027455B1 (en) * 2012-11-06 2015-05-12 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Slurry line charge mine clearance system and method
US9776932B2 (en) * 2013-03-06 2017-10-03 Matrix X, Llc Explosive matrix assembly
RU2774088C1 (ru) * 2021-11-30 2022-06-15 Федеральное государственное казенное военное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Военный учебно-научный центр Военно-Морского Флота "Военно-морская академия им. Адмирала Флота Советского Союза Н.Г. Кузнецова" Способ разминирования фарватера
RU2774130C1 (ru) * 2021-12-01 2022-06-15 Федеральное государственное казенное военное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Военный учебно-научный центр Военно-Морского Флота "Военно-морская академия им. Адмирала Флота Советского Союза Н.Г. Кузнецова" Противоминный трубопроводный комплекс

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Publication number Publication date
GB1259319A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1972-01-05
FR2014848A1 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1970-04-24
DE1703933A1 (de) 1972-03-16

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