US3632486A - Method and arrangement for continuous etching and anodizing of aluminum - Google Patents

Method and arrangement for continuous etching and anodizing of aluminum Download PDF

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Publication number
US3632486A
US3632486A US762806A US3632486DA US3632486A US 3632486 A US3632486 A US 3632486A US 762806 A US762806 A US 762806A US 3632486D A US3632486D A US 3632486DA US 3632486 A US3632486 A US 3632486A
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electrolytic
etching
aluminum
cell
electrolyte
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English (en)
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Helmut F Herrmann
Rolando M Dizon
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Metalloxyd GmbH
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Metalloxyd GmbH
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02—Anodisation
    • C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25D11/00—Electrolytic coating by surface reaction, i.e. forming conversion layers
    • C25D11/02—Anodisation
    • C25D11/04—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon
    • C25D11/06—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon characterised by the electrolytes used
    • C25D11/08—Anodisation of aluminium or alloys based thereon characterised by the electrolytes used containing inorganic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25F3/00—Electrolytic etching or polishing
    • C25F3/02—Etching
    • C25F3/04—Etching of light metals
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S430/00—Radiation imagery chemistry: process, composition, or product thereof
    • Y10S430/136—Coating process making radiation sensitive element

Definitions

  • Fay AnomeyMichael S. Striker ABSTRACT Elongated aluminum bodies such as aluminum sheets, foils and the like, the term aluminum denoting not only pure aluminum but also aluminum alloys which lend themselves to electrolytic etching and anodizing, are continuously passed through two electrolytic cells to be etched in the first and anodized in the second cell, at least one of the two cells comprises two adjacent compartments each equipped with a stationary electrode and containing electrolyte.
  • the other cell may be similarly constructed or may be a single compartment electrolytic cell including electrolyte and a stationary electrode wherein the elongated aluminum body passing therethrough forms the electrode of opposite polarity.
  • Alternating current is applied to the double-compartment cell and, if one of the electrolytic cells is of the single-compartment type, directed current is applied thereto.
  • the elongated aluminum body forms during its passage through the doublecompartment cell a bipolar conductor having portions within the respective compartments of this cell. It is possible in this manner, i.e. by utilizing two cells at least one of which being a two-compartment cell, to carry out etching and anodizing in a single continuous pass of the elongated aluminum body.
  • the present invention relates to a method and arrangement for the electrolytic etching (roughening) and electrolytic oxidation of elongated aluminum bodies such as aluminum foils, bands or sheets.
  • the term aluminum is meant to denote not only pure or technically pure aluminum, but also aluminum alloys which lend themselves to electrolytic etching and anodization.
  • Etched or roughened foils or strips of aluminum are well known and used for many industrial purposes.
  • the etching of the surface of the foils or strips may serve for technical or decorative purposes.
  • Such decorative purposes included the roughening of the surface of aluminum wall coverings and the like.
  • Industrial and technical purposes are served by the roughening of aluminum foils or strips which are to be used as printing foils or which are to be coated or covered with pigments.
  • the roughening of aluminum surfaces by mechanical treatment, chemical etching or electrochemical methods also is well known.
  • electrochemical methods for the purpose of roughening an aluminum surface primarily electrolytic processes are utilized in which the aluminum body which is to be treated serves as electrode in an acid bath which is in contact with a further electrode.
  • electrolyic roughening requires a period of the magnitude of several minutes.
  • the electrolytic oxidation of etched or roughened aluminum surfaces particularly in order to harden such surfaces and to make them chemically resistant, also has been proposed.
  • the roughened aluminum body which is to be electrolytically oxidized is introduced as one of the electrodes into an acid bath including an electrode of opposite polarity, i.e., an electrolytic cell is formed in which the aluminum body represents the anode.
  • Alternating current operated electrolytic cells which comprise two chambers or compartments adjacent each other, each equipped with a stationary electrode and containing electrolyte. Alternating current is applied to the electrodes respectively located in the two chambers, and the aluminum strip or the like passing from one of the chambers to the other forms a bipolar conductor therebetween.
  • the present invention thus proposes a continuous method for sequentially etching and anodizing aluminum sheets, foils and the like, according to which such sheets, foils or strips of aluminum or aluminum alloy which may be electrolytically etched and anodized are passed through two sequentially arranged electrolytic devices each connected to a source of electric current, so as to subject the strip in the first of the electrolytic devices to etching and in the second of the electrolytic devices to anodic oxidation.
  • At least one of the two electrolytic devices comprises two adjacent compartments, each equipped with a stationary electrode and containing electrolyte.
  • Alternating current is applied to the stationary electrodes in the two compartments and the strip forms during its passage through the compartments a bipolar conductor having portions within the respective compartments of the device.
  • the other of the two electrolytic devices may be of similar structure, or may be an electrolytic single chamber cell including electrolyte and a stationary electrode, wherein then the strip passing therethrough will fonn the electrode of a polarity opposite to that of the stationary electrode.
  • the first of the two devices will serve for etching and the second for anodizing the strip.
  • the electrolyte of the etching cell preferably will consist of dilute hydrochloric or hydrofluoric acid, whereas the electrolyte of the anodizing cell preferably will consist of dilute sulfuric acid.
  • the external ohmic resistance between the sources of alternating current should be such that no significant amount of current will flow in an external conduit between the two sources of current, and no significant amount of current should flow within the portion of the aluminum or the like strip located between the two electrolytic devices.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic illustration of an arrangement according to the present invention in which both electrolytic devices are of the two-chamber alternating current type;
  • FIG. 2 illustrates schematically an arrangement according to the present invention according to which the etching is carried out in a two-chamber alternating current electrolytic device and the anodizing is carried out in a direct currentoperated single-cell electrolytic device;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of an arrangement according to which the etching is carried out in a direct current, single-cell electrolytic device and the oxidizing is carried out in an alternating current two-chamber electrolytic device.
  • the continuous, sequential etching and anodizing of the aluminum strip or the like is carried out by first electrolytically etching and thereafter electrolytically oxidizing the continuous moving strip whereby at least one of these two electrolytic processes is carried out in an electrolytic device which comprises at least two chambers each equipped with one electrode, whereby the electrodes are connected to a source of alternating current.
  • the strip passing sequentially through the two chambers of this electrolytic device forms during passage from one to the other of the two chambers a bipolar conductor.
  • At least one of the two electrolytic devices must be of the above-described two chamber type, whereas the other of the two electrolytic devices may be of the same type or may be a direct current electrolytic cell in which the aluminum strip passing therethrough forms one of the two electrodes.
  • electrolytic etching as well as electrolytic oxidation is carried out in the double or multichamber electrolytic devices described above each of which comprises at least two chambers, each equipped with a single stationary electrode and work, such as an aluminum strip or the like extending through both chambers forming a bipolar conductor but not one of the electrodes thereof.
  • the electrolytic etching is carried out in a direct current electrolytic device in which the aluminum foil, strip or the like forms the cathode, and the electrolytic oxidation is carried out in a multichamber, alternating current electrolytic device as described above.
  • the electrolytic etching is carried out in the multichamber, alternating current electrolytic device whereas the electrolytic oxidation is carried out in a direct current cell in which the foil or strip acts as the anode.
  • the roughened or etched surface obtained by the method of the present invention appears to be of better quality than that obtained by conventional methods.
  • a surface roughness of only between I and 2 microns is desired, preferably a current density of about 16 amperes per square centimeters will be applied for a period of between 0.5 and 0.75 minutes.
  • the arrangement for carrying out the above-described process will comprise an electrolytic etching device represented by a twochamber, alternating current electrolytic cell in which the aluminum strip or the like forms a bipolar conductor but is not used as one of the electrodes, and which contains for instance a dilute aqueous hydrochloric acid as electrolyte in both of the chambers.
  • the device will include suitable rollers or the like for guiding the foil or band sequentially through the two chambers.
  • the foil or strip leaving the second or last of the chambers of the etching device passes through a more or less conventional rinsing bath or the like and then into a second two-chamber, alternating current electrolytic device of the type described above in which, however, the electrolyte is dilute aqueous sulfuric acid and which also is equipped with suitable guide means for passing the foil or strip sequentially through the two chambers of this second or anodizing cell.
  • the etching is carried out in a direct current electrolytic cell in which the minus terminal of the source of direct current is in contact with a guide roller for the foil or strip so that the foil or strip while passing through this cell will become the negative electrode.
  • the cell contains dilute aqueous hydrofluoric acid as electrolyte and is equipped with a stationary electrode connected to the positive terminal of the source of direct current.
  • suitable devices for the guiding of the strip through the direct current etching cell are provided and the etched strip passes through a rinsing bath or the like into an anodizing device which, in this case, must be a twoor multichamber alternating current electrolytic cell of the type described further above and holding in both chambers dilute aqueous sulfuric acid as the electrolyte.
  • anodizing device which, in this case, must be a twoor multichamber alternating current electrolytic cell of the type described further above and holding in both chambers dilute aqueous sulfuric acid as the electrolyte.
  • the etching device is a two-chamber alternating current electrolytic cell of the type described above, holding dilute aqueous hydrochloric acid as the electrolyte and provided with suitable arrangements for guiding the foil or strip sequentially through the two chambers of the electrolytic device and again the strip does not form one of the electrodes but is in the nature of a bipolar conductor passing through the two chambers of the cell.
  • the thus-etched strip is then passed through a rinsing device and from there into a direct current, single-cell electrolytic device holding dilute sulfuric acid as the electrolyte and provided with guide means for passing the strip through the cell.
  • the guide means preferably include a conductive roller connected to the positive terminal of a source of direct current so that the strip upon contact with this roller will become the positive electrode of the direct current electrolytic cell which is also provided with a negative electrode connected to the negative terminal of the source of direct current.
  • a bath holding dilute aqueous sodium hydroxide is inter posed between the etching and the anodizing device, again equipped with suitable guide means for passing the etched strip therethrough, and this bath will serve for cleansing of the etched foil prior to anodizing of the same.
  • a rinsing and sealing device through which the anodized strip is passed and whereby the sealing device may be a bath of boiling deionized water.
  • EXAMPLE I The present invention is described in the present example with reference to FIG. 1 of the drawing as utilizing two double chamber alternating current electrolytic devices.
  • Aluminum strip 12 is fed from coil into the alternating current, twochamber electrolytic device 14.
  • Electrolytic device or cell 14 comprises two chamber 16 and 18 separated from each other by wall 17. Each of the chambers contains dilute aqueous hydrochloric acid. Each of the chambers 16 and 17 is equipped with one electrode, 32 and 34 respectively, which electrodes are connected to a source of alternating current identified by reference numeral 36. Coil or strip 12 passes over guide roller 24 into first chamber 16 in the bottom portion of which a further guide roller 26 is arranged Another guide roller is arranged substantially above separating wall 17 so that the strip will pass through the electrolyte of chamber 16, then out of the same over guide roller 20 into the electrolyte of chamber 18.
  • a further guide roller 28 is arranged near the bottom thereof and the aluminum strip is guided thereby through chamber 18 and from there by guide roller 30 out of the electrolytic, alternating current etching device.
  • strip 12 does not form one of the electrodes and thus may be called, particularly in the vicinity of guide roller 20, i.e. between chambers 16 and 18, a bipolar conductor.
  • the thus-etched strip is passed from guide roller 30 through a rinsing device 38 in which electrolyte adhering to the strip is removed. From there, strip 12 passes, suitably guided by rol lers 42, through a cleansing device 40 which is represented by a container holding dilute aqueous sodium hydroxide.
  • Electrolytic twochamber cell 14, as well as cleansing device 40, are provided with suitable, per se conventional, heating arrangements which, for sake of clarity, have been omitted in the drawing.
  • the strip 12 is passed through a second rinsing device 38 and from there through a conventional heating device 46 for the purpose of being dried.
  • the thus-etched, cleansed and dried strip is then passed through an electrolytic oxidation device 48, represented by a second two-chamber, alternating current electrolytic cell which again comprises two chambers 50 and S2 separated from each other by wall 51.
  • the electrolyte in chambers 50 and 52 consists of dilute aqueous sulfuric acid.
  • Each of chambers 50 and 52 is equipped with one electrode, 54 and 56 respectively, and electrodes 54 and 56 are connected to a source of alternating current identified by reference numeral 58.
  • the strip is passed from chamber 50 to chamber 52 through a suitable opening in wall 51, for instance through a rubber gasket arranged in wall 51 so as to permit passage of the strip therethrough without causing intenningling of the electrolyte of the two chambers.
  • electrolytic 'cell 14 for the passage of the strip from the first to the second chamber is practical only if the strip is of sufficient flexibility, whereas the arrangement utilized in electrolytic cell 48 will permit the treatment of a strip of greater stiffness since the strip need not be bent while passing from chamber 51 to chamber 52.
  • the thus-anodized strip is passed through another rinsing device 38 to a conventional drying device 46 and the thus-dried, etched and anodized strip 12 may then be wound to forma coil 68.
  • the method of the present invention may be carried out in the above-described device, for instance by utilizing as electrolyte in the chambers 16 and 18 of etching cell 14 dilute aqueous hydrochloric acid having a concentration of between 1.5 percent by volume.
  • the temperature of the dilute hydrochloric acid preferably will be maintained between 20 and C. and most preferably at about 50 il0 C.
  • the source of alternating current has a voltage of between 30 and 60 volts and a current density of between 5 and 25 amperes per square centimeters is maintained.
  • the strip is passed through the etching cell at such speed as to obtain a treating time of between 30 and 45 seconds.
  • the second electrolytic two-chamber device 48 contains as electrolyte dilute aqueous sulfuric acid having a concentration of 20 percent by volume and being maintained at a'temperature of between about 30 and 50 C. Anodizing is carried out at a current density of between 10 and 30 amperes per 100 square centimeters.
  • Sealing of the etched and anodized strip is carried out in container 62 by passing the strip therein through boiling deionized or distilled water having a pH of between 5.6 and 6.0.
  • a surface roughness of between 2 and 3 microns was obtained by a current density of 20 amperes per 100 square centimeters and a treating time of between 30 and 45 seconds. Foils or plates of a surface roughness within the above range are excellently suitable for producing printing plates thereof.
  • a lesser degree of surface roughness such as between about 1 and 2 microns, which generally suffices if the strip or foil is to be used for decorative purposes, is obtained by reducingunder otherwise equal conditions-the current density to about 16 amperes per 100 square centimeters.
  • EXAMPLE 2 Another embodiment of the present invention will be described in the present example with reference to FIG. 2 of the drawing in which for sake of simplicity the arrangements" utilizing as oxidizing electrolytic cell 70 a direct current electrolytic device.
  • the strip is passed through an etching device and ancillary devices corresponding to those of FIG. 1 until it reaches guide roller 74 which is connected to the positive terminal of a source of direct current.
  • guide roller 74 From guide roller 74, the strip passes through the electrolyte of electrolytic cell 70 which consists of dilute sulfuric acid.
  • three further guide rollers 80 are indicated.
  • a negative electrode 78 connected to the source of direct current is immersed in the electrolyte.
  • the direct current anodizing device 70 may contain as electrolyte dilute sulfuric acid having a concentration of about 20 percent by volume and being maintained at a temperature of between about 35 and 50 C., and anodizing may be carried out at a current density of between 3 and 8 amperes per lOO square centimeter.
  • EXAMPLE 3 The embodiment of the present example will be described with reference to FIG. 3 in which again certain ancillary devices corresponding to those of FIG. 1 have been omitted.
  • the essential difference between the embodiment of FIG. 3 as compared with that of FIG. 1 is that the etching is carried out in a direct current electrolytic cell 82, whereas anodizing is carried out in a two-chamber, alternating current electrolytic cell 48 which is substantially identical with cell 48 of HG. l.
  • strip 12 is fed from coil over guide roller 86 which is connected to the negative terminal of the source of direct current and from there guided by guide rollers 92 through the electrolyte of the cell which consists of dilute hydrofluoric acid.
  • the positive electrode 90 connected to the positive terminal of the source of direct current is immersed in the electrolyte.
  • the dilute hydrofluoric acid may have a concentration of 2 percent by volume and preferably will be maintained at about 45 C. Etching is carried out at a current density of about 10 amperes per 100 square centimeters.
  • the actual treating periods according to the present invention are shorter than conventional treating periods and the quality of the foils or strips etched and anodized in accordance with the present invention compares favorably with the results obtained by conventional methods particularly with respect to the unifonnity and evenness of the roughening or etching of the strip.
  • the control of the process is also greatly simplified.
  • a continuous method for sequentially etching and anodizing aluminum sheets, foil and the like comprising the steps of continuously passing an elongated body, consisting essentially of aluminum or aluminum base alloy through two sequentially arranged electrolytic means each connected to a separate source of electric current so as to subject said elongated body in the first of said electrolytic means to etching and in the second of said electrolytic means to anodic oxidation, at least one said electrolytic means comprising at least two adjacent compartments each equipped with a stationary electrode and containing electrolyte; and applying alternating current by one of said sources of current to the electrodes of said at least one electrolytic means, said elongated body forming during its passage through the compartments of said at least one electrolytic means a bipolar conductor having portions within the respective compartments of said at least one electrolytic means so that the current from said one source will flow from one of said electrodes to the portion of said elongated body in one of said compartments and to the portion in the other compartment and back to the electrode in the other compartment without
  • each of the two sequentially arranged electrolytic means is connected to a separate source of alternating current and comprises at least two adjacent compartments each equipped with a stationary electrode and containing electrolyte, and wherein the electrolyte of the first of said two electrolytic means causes etching of aluminum and the electrolyte of the second of said two electrolytic means causes anodizing of aluminum.
  • the other of said electrolytic means consists essentially of an electrolytic cell including electrolyte and a stationary electrode contacting said electrolyte, and wherein the other source of current is a source of direct current connected with one pole thereof to said stationary electrode and with the other pole thereof to a portion of said elongated member entering said electrolytic cell.
  • said cleansing bath consists essentially of a dilute sodium hydroxide solution.
US762806A 1967-10-17 1968-09-26 Method and arrangement for continuous etching and anodizing of aluminum Expired - Lifetime US3632486A (en)

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US3755116A (en) * 1971-04-17 1973-08-28 Sumitomo Light Metal Ind Process for the production of aluminum base offset printing plates
FR2202951A1 (de) * 1972-10-13 1974-05-10 Oce Van Der Grinten Nv
US3909371A (en) * 1971-10-22 1975-09-30 Riken Light Metal Ind Co Process for producing a protective film on an aluminum surface
US3935080A (en) * 1974-10-02 1976-01-27 Polychrome Corporation Method of producing an aluminum base sheet for a printing plate
US3969211A (en) * 1974-06-08 1976-07-13 Pilot Man-Nen-Hitsu Kabushiki Kaisha Continuous apparatus for electrolytic treatment on a long structure of aluminum or its alloys
US4166777A (en) * 1969-01-21 1979-09-04 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Corrosion resistant metallic plates particularly useful as support members for photo-lithographic plates and the like
US4169770A (en) * 1978-02-21 1979-10-02 Alcan Research And Development Limited Electroplating aluminum articles
US4177127A (en) * 1973-08-13 1979-12-04 Swiss Aluminium Ltd. Device for the production of anodized material
US4336113A (en) * 1981-06-26 1982-06-22 American Hoechst Corporation Electrolytic graining of aluminum with hydrogen peroxide and nitric or hydrochloric acid
US4432846A (en) * 1982-12-10 1984-02-21 National Steel Corporation Cleaning and treatment of etched cathode aluminum capacitor foil
US4534834A (en) * 1983-07-14 1985-08-13 Swiss Aluminium Ltd. Process for continuous pretreatment by electrochemical oxidation of strip or foil of aluminum
US4537664A (en) * 1984-04-06 1985-08-27 Sprague Electric Company Method for continuously monitoring oxide thickness on moving aluminum foil
US4566960A (en) * 1984-01-05 1986-01-28 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Process for electrochemical roughening of aluminum useful for printing plate supports, in an aqueous mixed electrolyte
US4566959A (en) * 1984-01-05 1986-01-28 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Process for the electrochemical roughening of aluminum useful for printing plate supports, in an aqueous mixed electrolyte
US4566958A (en) * 1984-01-05 1986-01-28 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Process for electrochemical roughening of aluminum useful for printing plate supports, in an aqueous mixed electrolyte
US4605480A (en) * 1983-06-13 1986-08-12 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Device for continuously anodically oxidizing aluminum strips on one surface thereof and use of these aluminum strips in the production of offset printing plates
US4661219A (en) * 1985-02-06 1987-04-28 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Process for the electrochemical roughening of aluminum for use in printing plate supports
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US4824535A (en) * 1986-10-17 1989-04-25 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Process for the electrochemical graining of aluminum for use in printing plate supports
US4840713A (en) * 1987-05-26 1989-06-20 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Process for the electrochemical roughening of aluminum for use in printing plate supports
US5156723A (en) * 1990-01-19 1992-10-20 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Process for electrochemical roughening of aluminum for printing plate supports
US5304298A (en) * 1991-09-09 1994-04-19 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Process for roughening aluminum or aluminum alloys
US20040188042A1 (en) * 2002-02-06 2004-09-30 Andersen Corporation Reduced visibility insect screen
US20050098277A1 (en) * 2002-02-06 2005-05-12 Alex Bredemus Reduced visibility insect screen
US20140349031A1 (en) * 2013-05-27 2014-11-27 Mimaki Engineering Co., Ltd. Colored aluminum article producing method, coloring method, and liquid ejection apparatus
US9975372B2 (en) 2016-06-21 2018-05-22 Charles White Multi-dimensional art works and methods

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JPS5647041A (en) * 1979-09-27 1981-04-28 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd Production of positive type photosensitive lithographic printing plate
US4293617A (en) * 1979-12-26 1981-10-06 Gould Inc. Process for producing strippable copper on an aluminum carrier and the article so obtained
AT375880B (de) * 1980-03-11 1984-09-25 Teich Ag Folienwalzwerk Verfahren zur herstellung von grundmaterial fuer offsetdruckplatten
GB2088901B (en) * 1980-10-23 1983-12-07 Vickers Ltd Anodised aluminium sheet for lithographic printing plate production
JPS581047A (ja) * 1981-06-05 1983-01-06 Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd アルミニウム合金平版印刷版用支持体
FR2526052B1 (fr) * 1982-04-29 1985-10-11 Pechiney Aluminium Procede et dispositif pour revetir une grande longueur de metal d'une couche metallique
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US4166777A (en) * 1969-01-21 1979-09-04 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Corrosion resistant metallic plates particularly useful as support members for photo-lithographic plates and the like
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US3969211A (en) * 1974-06-08 1976-07-13 Pilot Man-Nen-Hitsu Kabushiki Kaisha Continuous apparatus for electrolytic treatment on a long structure of aluminum or its alloys
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US4336113A (en) * 1981-06-26 1982-06-22 American Hoechst Corporation Electrolytic graining of aluminum with hydrogen peroxide and nitric or hydrochloric acid
US4432846A (en) * 1982-12-10 1984-02-21 National Steel Corporation Cleaning and treatment of etched cathode aluminum capacitor foil
US4605480A (en) * 1983-06-13 1986-08-12 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Device for continuously anodically oxidizing aluminum strips on one surface thereof and use of these aluminum strips in the production of offset printing plates
US4534834A (en) * 1983-07-14 1985-08-13 Swiss Aluminium Ltd. Process for continuous pretreatment by electrochemical oxidation of strip or foil of aluminum
US4566960A (en) * 1984-01-05 1986-01-28 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Process for electrochemical roughening of aluminum useful for printing plate supports, in an aqueous mixed electrolyte
US4566959A (en) * 1984-01-05 1986-01-28 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Process for the electrochemical roughening of aluminum useful for printing plate supports, in an aqueous mixed electrolyte
US4566958A (en) * 1984-01-05 1986-01-28 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Process for electrochemical roughening of aluminum useful for printing plate supports, in an aqueous mixed electrolyte
US4537664A (en) * 1984-04-06 1985-08-27 Sprague Electric Company Method for continuously monitoring oxide thickness on moving aluminum foil
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US4666576A (en) * 1985-02-06 1987-05-19 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Process for the electrochemical roughening of aluminum for use in printing plate supports
US4671859A (en) * 1985-09-20 1987-06-09 Hoeschst Aktiengesellschaft Process for the electrochemical graining of aluminum for use as printing plate supports
US4824535A (en) * 1986-10-17 1989-04-25 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Process for the electrochemical graining of aluminum for use in printing plate supports
US4840713A (en) * 1987-05-26 1989-06-20 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Process for the electrochemical roughening of aluminum for use in printing plate supports
US5156723A (en) * 1990-01-19 1992-10-20 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Process for electrochemical roughening of aluminum for printing plate supports
US5304298A (en) * 1991-09-09 1994-04-19 Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft Process for roughening aluminum or aluminum alloys
US20040188042A1 (en) * 2002-02-06 2004-09-30 Andersen Corporation Reduced visibility insect screen
US20050098277A1 (en) * 2002-02-06 2005-05-12 Alex Bredemus Reduced visibility insect screen
US20050121153A1 (en) * 2002-02-06 2005-06-09 Andersen Corporation Reduced visibility insect screen
US20050139330A1 (en) * 2002-02-06 2005-06-30 Pylkki Russell J. Reduced visibility insect screen
US20050178512A1 (en) * 2002-02-06 2005-08-18 Andersen Corporation Reduced visibility insect screen
US20050241784A1 (en) * 2002-02-06 2005-11-03 Andersen Corporation Reduced visibility insect screen
US7195053B2 (en) 2002-02-06 2007-03-27 Andersen Corporation Reduced visibility insect screen
US20080121355A1 (en) * 2002-02-06 2008-05-29 Russell John Pylkki Reduced Visibility Insect Screen
US8042598B2 (en) 2002-02-06 2011-10-25 Andersen Corporation Reduced visibility insect screen
US20140349031A1 (en) * 2013-05-27 2014-11-27 Mimaki Engineering Co., Ltd. Colored aluminum article producing method, coloring method, and liquid ejection apparatus
US9975372B2 (en) 2016-06-21 2018-05-22 Charles White Multi-dimensional art works and methods

Also Published As

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DE1621115B2 (de) 1977-12-08
GB1224226A (en) 1971-03-03
DE1621115C3 (de) 1981-06-25
DE1621115A1 (de) 1971-04-22
US3766043A (en) 1973-10-16

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