US3631648A - Method of erection of high-rise building structure formed of modular units - Google Patents

Method of erection of high-rise building structure formed of modular units Download PDF

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Publication number
US3631648A
US3631648A US5296A US3631648DA US3631648A US 3631648 A US3631648 A US 3631648A US 5296 A US5296 A US 5296A US 3631648D A US3631648D A US 3631648DA US 3631648 A US3631648 A US 3631648A
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modules
building
module
supporting structures
jacking means
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Expired - Lifetime
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US5296A
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English (en)
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Stanley J Filipek
Frank Csapo
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STIRLING HOMEX CORP
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STIRLING HOMEX CORP
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/35—Extraordinary methods of construction, e.g. lift-slab, jack-block
    • E04B1/3511—Lift-slab; characterised by a purely vertical lifting of floors or roofs or parts thereof

Definitions

  • Alternate ones of the supporting structures are permanently fixed in place, but the remaining supporting structures have associated therewith a jacking means capable of raising a modular unit supported thereon by an amount at least equal to the height of such modular unit.
  • a plurality of modules is placed on the supporting structures and secured together, after which the interconnected modules are raised by the jacking means.
  • an additional module is placed in each open space, i.e., on each of the alternately spaced supporting structures not having an associated jacking means.
  • each jacking means can be lowered, with the row of interconnected modules now supported on the supporting structures not having the associated jacking means through the intervening alternately spaced modules.
  • Additional modular units can then be placed in the alternate spaces now provided atop each structural support having the jacking means.
  • the lowest level of modular units are now all interconnected and the abovedescribed operation can be repeated for each additional story in the building.
  • FIG. 1 A first figure.
  • FIG. 2E is a diagrammatic representation of FIG. 2E.
  • housing is still built in much the same manner as 50 or more years ago, and with the ever-increasing price levels for labor and materials, much of the housing that is currently available is beyond the economic reach of a substantial portion of the population, so that urban decay is now a widespread blight extending throughout the world and resulting not only in entirely inadequate housing but also in numerous social ills as well.
  • housing structures such as individual homes, so-called townhouses, and other structures of modest height such as from one to two or three stories in height, can more economically be built in factories using the modular concept, i.e., a concept whereby a portion of such a structure is built as a unit or module in a factory, transported to the site, and then assembled together, with modular units being placed alongside each other and/or above each other in a predetermined configuration.
  • the assignee of the present application has been a leader in this type of construction and has already constructed hundreds of homes built in this way in various places throughout the country.
  • the above-mentioned modular housing technology is not fully adequate to meet the pressing needs for housing.
  • the available technology has quite generally been limited to the construction of buildings of relatively low height.
  • the method of construction has been to place the factory-built modular units alongside one another and also to stack them on top of each other in a predetermined configuration; however, the overall height of the completed structure must necessarily be rather severely limited since the structure is completed in a rather conventional manner, i.e., by building from the ground up.
  • the practice is first to place the modules for the ground level in place, and then to stack on top of these the modules for the second floor, and so on, until finally the top unit with its roof is placed in position.
  • a further advantage of the building construction method of this invention resides in the ability to increase the size of the building conveniently and in a relatively short time as compared to conventional building methods.
  • the jacking structures can again be inserted in place between the already positioned fixed supporting structures, and the existing building can then be raised to permit the insertion of further modules in exactly the same way as previously described.
  • the building is constructed in a manner which is the reverse of that normally employed in that the top story is constructed first and then raised by an amount sub stantially equal to the height of a module.
  • the second topmost story is then inserted and fastened to the top story, and the two top stories are then raised another level so as to permit insertion into the building of the modules which make up the third story from the top, and with this procedure occurring repeatedly until the building is completed.
  • the construction method of this invention employs modules which are formed in part of reinforced concrete, and in part of structural steel members which are readily capable of absorbing both the dead load and the live loads which will ultimately be imposed upon the structure.
  • the modules are placed upon a series of supporting structures which may be positioned below ground level. Alternate ones of the supporting structures are permanently fixed in place and form the supports for the building when it is completed. Between each pair of such permanent supporting structures is positioned a second type of supporting structure which may be temporarily placed and removed when the building is completed and is provided, moreover, with a jacking means which is capable of raising a substantial load.
  • a row of modules is placed on the supports and secured to each other as by bolting.
  • the temporary supporting structures have their jacking means operated so as to raise the entire top story of the building by substantially the height of a single story.
  • the spaces now appearing immediately above the permanent supporting structures are filled by inserting a module in each such position, and when all of these open spaces have thus been filled with modules, the jacking means associated with the temporary supporting structures are all lowered, thereby providing additional spaces in which further modules can be placed.
  • FIG. I is a perspective view showing in particular a single module of the present invention and showing also a portion of a second module placed atop the first module;
  • FIGS. 2A-2F comprise a series of diagrammatic representations illustrating the manner in which a building formed of a plurality of modules of the type shown in FIG. I is erected to any desired height.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates in perspective view a typical module of the kind which is intended to be used in the construction of a building in accordance with the method of this invention.
  • the module is formed in part of an outer framework which comprises a plurality of structural members, preferably of steel to provide the desired strength.
  • an outer framework which comprises a plurality of structural members, preferably of steel to provide the desired strength.
  • I-beams and channel beams of adequate dimensions to support the predetermined load are provided for this outer framework.
  • the framework for the module comprises along the short end 5 of the module, two vertically disposed I-beams 6 and 7 whose height is at least equal to the overall height of the module.
  • the opposite end of the module is not shown in FIG. 1, it is to be understood that the module is symmetrically constructed and that therefore two additional 1- beams corresponding to the beams 6 and 7 are provided exteriorly of the module at the remote end as well.
  • a channel-shaped structural member 8 Secured to the bottom end of the two I-beams 6 and 7 is a channel-shaped structural member 8 which is preferably secured to the I- beams 6 and 7 by bolts (not shown).
  • a similar channel-shaped member 17 is secured to the columnar I-beams at the remote end of the module.
  • Interconnecting the I-beams 6 and 7 and channel beam 8 with the corresponding parts at the remote end of the module are a pair of I-beams and 16 which extend along the bottom of the module, and each such bottom I- beam 15 or 16 is secured to the respective column l-beam 7 or 6 and to channel beam 8 by angle plates (not shown) and bolts (not shown).
  • a floor Secured to the top surfaces of the channel beams 8 and 17 and to transversely extending I-beams 15 and 16 is a floor which is preferably formed of steel-reinforced concrete.
  • the floor may be finished with a suitable covering material such as carpeting or vinyl sheet material or the like (not shown).
  • the interior of the module is divided by various wall partitions 21 and 22, and the module may also be provided with floor cabinets 24 and wall cabinets 23 for a kitchen module.
  • each columnar I-beam 6 or 7 has a length at least equal to the overall height of the module (and is preferably equal in length to the height of the module), the beams 6 and 7 of the respectively stacked modules abut each other so that the weight of each unit or module is supported by the aligned I-beams 6 and 7 of the stacked modules through the successive modules.
  • each module may comprise sheetrock material or the like 18 and need not be designed to support any portion of the load of the modules stacked above since all of the floor load of the higher module is borne by the transversely extending I-beams l6 and 16 and carried thereby to the I-beams 6 and 7 at each end of the module.
  • FIGS. 2A-2F illustrate the manner in which a multistory building may be erected quickly and inexpensively, according to the invention, using the modules shown in FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 2A the foundation for the building is shown at 15, and it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that such foundation may be below grade level although of course it is entirely possible to construct a building with the foundation 15 at grade level.
  • a first step in the method of erecting a building is to place on the foundation 15 a plurality of structural supporting units 10 which are spaced so as to underlie alternate ones of the modules to be coupled together to form the top story of the building.
  • the supporting structures 10, which are shown only diagrammatically in FIGS. 2A-2F, are formed of structural steel members which, it will be understood are suitably cross braced and supported so that they will each be capable of supporting and raising a number of modules equal to twice the number of floors to be included in the completed building or structure.
  • Each supporting structure 10 is provided with a jacking means diagrammatically illustrated as 12 in FIG. 2B and having a capability of selectively raising a load vertically by an amount at least equal to the overall height of a module.
  • a jacking means diagrammatically illustrated as 12 in FIG. 2B and having a capability of selectively raising a load vertically by an amount at least equal to the overall height of a module.
  • the device 10, 12 is preferably constructed as a rectangular parallelepiped having vertical supporting members at each corner and also ajacking means at each corner,
  • each supporting structure 11 is rigidly secured to the foundation 15 so as to form a permanent part of the building when complete.
  • Each supporting structure 11 is also suitably cross braced and of sufficient strength as to be able to support a dead load corresponding to the weight of a number of modules equal to twice the number of stories in the completed building, and also whatever live load may be placed on the floor of the module, wind loading, etc.
  • each of the supporting structures 10 and 11 When all of the supporting structures 10 and 11 are in place, as shown in FIG. 2A, the next step is to position on top of each of the supporting structures a series of modules 13 and 14. Although these modules may all be substantially identical in exterior configuration and structural details, although possibly differing in interior partition arrangement, plumbing, wiring, etc., they have been designated in FIGS. 2A-2B by different reference characters 13 and I4 dependent only upon whether the module is supported upon a jacking supporting structure 10 or upon a fixed supporting structure 11.
  • the modules 13, 14 are in place on the supporting structures 10, 11 as in FIG. 2A, the modules are all coupled together by suitable bolts passing through adjoining structural supporting members.
  • the jacking means associated with each of the temporary supporting structures 10 is raised, and the operation of the various jacking means 12 is suitably synchronized, as is known in the art, to ensure that the row of modules is raised uniformly and in a level fashion by an amount substantially equaling the overall height of a single module, with the result that the structure under assembly then has the general appearance shown in FIG. 2B.
  • the next step is to operatively couple together all of the modules of this second-from-the-top story of the building so that raising of the jacking means 12 associated with the temporary supporting structures 10 will permit raising of the two top stories as an integral unit, thereby again providing voids alternately spaced and respectively positioned above the permanent supporting structures 11 which may be inserted for the third-from-the-top story of the building.
  • the above-described procedure is repeated as many times as is required until the building is of the desired height.
  • the temporary supporting structures 10 and associated jacking means 12 may all be removed so as to permit them to be used in the assembly of another building.
  • each module 13 or 14 may readily be moved into position atop either one of the supporting structures 10 or 11 without having to raise it above ground level.
  • the coupling together of the various modules, the interconnection of electrical cables, gas conduits, and other utilities, exterior panelling, and all other details required to accomplish the completion of a given story of the building may be carried out substantially at ground level and there is no need to provide scaffolding or cranes, nor is there the danger of having workmen carry out their labors at substantial distances above ground level. Labor time is also reduced because of the elimination of the need for workers to travel long distances through the building to their place of work.
  • FIGS. 2A-2F show the construction of a building having a depth (i.e., in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the sheet) of only a single module.
  • each additional row is provided with alternately spaced supporting structures 10 and 11 in the same way as shown in FIGS. ZA-ZF.
  • the several rows of modules are all preferably interconnected and the various jacking means 12 for the two or more rows are preferably operated concurrently so that each complete story is raised together as an integral unit. This makes possible the interconnection and completion of all modules substantially at ground level which is, of course, advantageous.
  • the building is not constructed of modules but is instead made by casting reinforced concrete supporting structures for each individual story of the building, with the reinforced concrete having to cure about two weeks for each story before that story can be jacked up to permit work to commence on the next lower story.
  • the plurality of jacking means are spaced adjacent to each other in the central core of the building which provides the principal support for the structure.
  • each individual jack in turn is lowered so as to permit a spacer block to be inserted.
  • This spacer block must be constructed to close tolerances with a permissible variation in block height of only plus or minus 0.1 millimeters. It is apparent that such blocks cannot be made at low cost and moreover, the requirement that each jack be lowered individually and a block inserted to take up the space, means that the building lifting operation must occur very slowly and in fact, the jacking operation to lift the building by the height of one story requires 2 or 3 days. It will be apparent that the method of the present invention will permit a far greater speed in building erection, only about 4 to 6 hours being required to raise the building by an amount equal to the height of one story.
  • each of the supporting structures designated as 10 and l l in FIGS. 2A-2F is of this same type and each has a jacking means associated therewith.
  • all of the jacking means are then operated together and, after such operation, the jacking means of alternately spaced supporting structures are lowered so that the system then has the general arrangement shown in FIG. 28.
  • each jacking means must still have the capacity to support a load corresponding to the weight of a number of modules equal to twice the number of floors in the building.
  • one advantage of this modification is that, by using twice the number of jacking means as in the previously described principal method, each jacking means need have only one-half of the load-raising capacity. This advantage may become of substantial importance with increasing height of the completed building.
  • fewer jacking means are used than in the principal embodiment where a jacking means is used for each alternately spaced module.
  • a jacking means is used for each alternately spaced module.
  • This form of the invention has several disadvantages, however, particularly the requirement that each jacking means must then be capable of supporting and raising the weight of three modules.
  • Another disadvantage is that then there is a considerable cantilever effect resulting from the fact that two successively spaced modules, together with all the additional modules stacked thereon, are unsupported.
  • this variation of the invention does require less jacking means, it is believed to be of considerably less benefit than the principal form and the first-mentioned variation thereof described above.
  • a method of constructing a building comprising a plurality of modular units each enclosing at least a part of one or more rooms of the building, said modules in the completed building being stacked in side-by-side relationship to form a row of such modules comprising a single story of the building and with a succession of said rows being vertically stacked to provide a plurality of stories of the building and with each modular unit being generally in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped and all such modular units being substantially identical in exterior configuration, said method comprising the steps of:
  • step (e) lowering said jacking means to transfer the load of all said raised interconnected modules to the modules positioned on said fixed supporting structures in step (e) and to provide clearance for the insertion of modules above each of said supporting structures having a jacking means
  • step (d) through (h) for each additional story desired to be added to the building 2.
  • the method of claim 1 which further includes the step of positioning all of said supporting structures below grade level so that their module supporting surfaces are substantially at grade level to permit the positioning of said modules on said supporting structures to take place without requiring any substantial lifting of each module relative to grade level.
  • a method ofconstructing a building comprising a plurality of modular units each enclosing at least a part of one or more rooms of the building, said modules in the completed building being stacked in side-by-side relationship to form a row of such modules comprising a single story of the building and with a succession of said rows being vertically stacked to provide a plurality of stories of the building and with each modular unit being generally in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped and all such modular units being substantially identical in exterior configuration, said method comprising the steps of:
  • each of said supporting structures having a jacking means for raising a load vertically by an amount at least equal to the height of one of said modules, all said supporting structures being so positioned that at least the module supporting surfaces thereof underlie only the modules supported directly thereabove,

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
US5296A 1970-01-23 1970-01-23 Method of erection of high-rise building structure formed of modular units Expired - Lifetime US3631648A (en)

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US (1) US3631648A (de)
AU (1) AU2285270A (de)
BE (1) BE761793A (de)
BR (1) BR7100327D0 (de)
DE (1) DE2061544B2 (de)
ES (1) ES386155A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2075226A5 (de)
IL (1) IL35372A0 (de)
NL (1) NL7016975A (de)
ZA (1) ZA708102B (de)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3758998A (en) * 1969-06-20 1973-09-18 Timber Res Dev Ass Multi storey building
US5402608A (en) * 1992-02-27 1995-04-04 Chu; Rey-Chin Prefabricated built-up building construction
US20060080657A1 (en) * 2004-10-07 2006-04-13 International Business Machines Corporation Method and structure for autonomic application differentiation/specialization
US20120023840A1 (en) * 2009-04-10 2012-02-02 Bin Yuan Main Work Construction Method for Reinforced Concrete Building and Building Construction Machine

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN107675895A (zh) * 2017-09-22 2018-02-09 中集模块化建筑投资有限公司 定位连接装置、定位连接系统、建筑模块装置和连接方法

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3239990A (en) * 1959-05-08 1966-03-15 Costain Ltd Richard Multi-storey buildings
GB1041079A (en) * 1963-08-23 1966-09-01 Costain Ltd Richard Method of erecting buildings
GB1085316A (en) * 1966-04-05 1967-09-27 British Lift Slab Ltd New or improved method of building construction
CH455208A (fr) * 1965-03-31 1968-06-28 Costain Ltd Richard Procédé de construction d'un bâtiment et système de vérins pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé
US3514910A (en) * 1968-02-14 1970-06-02 Dano Modules Inc Modular building construction

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3239990A (en) * 1959-05-08 1966-03-15 Costain Ltd Richard Multi-storey buildings
GB1041079A (en) * 1963-08-23 1966-09-01 Costain Ltd Richard Method of erecting buildings
CH455208A (fr) * 1965-03-31 1968-06-28 Costain Ltd Richard Procédé de construction d'un bâtiment et système de vérins pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé
GB1085316A (en) * 1966-04-05 1967-09-27 British Lift Slab Ltd New or improved method of building construction
US3514910A (en) * 1968-02-14 1970-06-02 Dano Modules Inc Modular building construction

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3758998A (en) * 1969-06-20 1973-09-18 Timber Res Dev Ass Multi storey building
US5402608A (en) * 1992-02-27 1995-04-04 Chu; Rey-Chin Prefabricated built-up building construction
US20060080657A1 (en) * 2004-10-07 2006-04-13 International Business Machines Corporation Method and structure for autonomic application differentiation/specialization
US9298513B2 (en) * 2004-10-07 2016-03-29 International Business Machines Corporation Method and structure for autonomic application differentiation/specialization
US20120023840A1 (en) * 2009-04-10 2012-02-02 Bin Yuan Main Work Construction Method for Reinforced Concrete Building and Building Construction Machine
US8863474B2 (en) * 2009-04-10 2014-10-21 Bin Yuan Main work construction method for reinforced concrete building and building construction machine

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Publication number Publication date
IL35372A0 (en) 1970-11-30
ES386155A1 (es) 1973-03-16
DE2061544B2 (de) 1973-04-05
FR2075226A5 (de) 1971-10-08
BE761793A (fr) 1971-07-20
ZA708102B (en) 1971-08-25
DE2061544A1 (de) 1971-08-12
AU2285270A (en) 1972-06-08
BR7100327D0 (pt) 1973-03-29
NL7016975A (de) 1971-07-27

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