Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
  • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
  • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
  • G03C1/485—Direct positive emulsions
  • G03C1/48592—Positive image obtained by various effects other than photohole bleaching or internal image desensitisation, e.g. Sabatier, Clayden effect
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
  • G03C1/00—Photosensitive materials
  • G03C1/005—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein
  • G03C1/04—Silver halide emulsions; Preparation thereof; Physical treatment thereof; Incorporation of additives therein with macromolecular additives; with layer-forming substances
  • G03C1/053—Polymers obtained by reactions involving only carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds, e.g. vinyl polymers
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
  • G03C—PHOTOSENSITIVE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOGRAPHIC PURPOSES; PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES, e.g. CINE, X-RAY, COLOUR, STEREO-PHOTOGRAPHIC PROCESSES; AUXILIARY PROCESSES IN PHOTOGRAPHY
  • G03C5/00—Photographic processes or agents therefor; Regeneration of such processing agents
  • G03C5/26—Processes using silver-salt-containing photosensitive materials or agents therefor
  • G03C5/29—Development processes or agents therefor
  • G03C5/305—Additives other than developers
  • G03C5/3056—Macromolecular additives
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
  • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y10S430/00—Radiation imagery chemistry: process, composition, or product thereof
  • Y10S430/15—Lithographic emulsion

Definitions

• lith-emulsions of the silver chloride, silver chlorobromide, or silver chlorobromoiodide type are generally employed.
• the development technique of the present invention is applied in combination with silver chloride, silver chlorobromide or silver chlorobromoiodide emulsions (containing at most 50 mole percent of bromide) used for the reproduction of screen images.
• the development yields screen prints with very sharp screen dots and can take place within a broad interval of time without doing harm to the image quality.
• poly(N-vinyl-Z-pyrrolidone) would retard the development in a hydroquinone-formaldehydebisulphite developer since from the United Kingdom Pat. specification No. 851,774 poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) wasknown to increase the speed when' used alone in photographic emulsions developed in a N-methyl-p-hydroxyphenyl ammonium sulphate/hydroquinone developer.
• N-vinyl-Z-pyrrolido'ne polymer when used in the present invention includes the homopolymer and copolymers of N-vinyI-Z-pyrrolidone as well as their iodine complexes. These complexes are addition complexes (addition by inclusion) of molecular iodine with the N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone polymer.
• the N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone polymers may be of high as well as of low molecular weight, however, a molecular weight between 300 and 90,000 being preferred.
• Poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) suitable for use in the present invention is marketed e.g. under the trade name LUVISKOL by Badische Anilin & Soda-Fabrik, Ludwigshafen, W.-Germany and under the name of PVP, type NP nonpharmaceutical) by General Aniline & Film Corporation, New York, N.Y., U.S.A.
• the said polymer is available in viscosities of K-20, K-30, K-40 and K-90.
• copolymers of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone those of the water-soluble type and containing preferably at least 50 mole percent of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone' units.
• copolymers are copoly(vinyl acetate/N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (30/70) and copoly(sodium acrylate/N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (45/55). It is self-explanatory that for obtaining a result equal to that obtained with the homopolymer, a greater amount of copolymer has to be used.
• suitable polymers containing alkylene oxide units are those derived from ethylene oxide and mixtures of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide or butylene oxide with the proviso that said compounds are soluble in water or an alkaline aqueous solution such as an alkaline developing bath.
• Preferably water-soluble polymers containing alkylene oxide units and having a molecular weight of at least 1 ,500 are used.
• alkylene glycol polymers known as polyalkylene glycols
• polyalkylene glycols The preparation of alkylene glycol polymers, known as polyalkylene glycols, is described e.g. in Ellis, The Chemistry of Synthetic Resins 1935) pages990 to 994. See therefor also the US. Pat. specification Nos. 1,970,578-2,240,470 and 2,423,549. Their use as sensitizers for silver halide emulsions is described in the United Kingdom Pat. specification No. 600,058 and United-States Pat. specificationN'o. 2,441,389.
• Still further examples are the polymeric compounds cont-ainingoxyalkylene units as described in the United Kingdom Pat. specification Nos. 920,637-945,340 949,643-940,051 and 1,015,023, in the United States Pat. specification No. 3,307,948, in the published Dutch Pat. application Nos. 6,709,016 and 6,612,597, in the published German Pat. application No. 1,141,531 as well as the products containing amino-alkylene and oxyalkylene units described in our US. Pat. application No. 659,334 and in the published Dutch Pat. application No'..6'-,6l4,230.
• N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone polymer of use according to the present invention is preferably incorporated into-the light-sensitive emulsion layer but may also be incorporated into a watenpermeable' layer under or on top of the emulsion layer, which water-permeable layer stands in water-permeable relationship with the" emulsion layer.
• N'-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone polymer is added to the negative light-sensitive silver halide lith-emulsion in dissolved form: in water or a mixture of water and water-miscible organic solvents, which do not impair the photographic characteristics of the emulsion.
• the said polymer can also be incorporated into the emulsion by inhibition by treating it with a solution containing the polymer.
• the N-vinyl'-2-'pyrrolidone polymer used according to the present invention can be added to the light-sensitive silver halide emulsion during different preparation steps of the lightsensitive material. Preferably, however, it is added to the emulsion of the negative type after the chemical ripening.
• the optimum. amount of the N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone polymer to be added to the emulsion depends on the nature of the colloid binder of the silver halide grains, on the amount and type of silver halide in the emulsion, and the stage of addition, since, when adding the N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone polymer before washing of the emulsion, relatively greater amounts are required.
• the N-vinyl-Z-pyrrolidone polymer is present in the light-sensitive material in an amount of 10 mg. to 14 g. per mole of silver halide, but for best results it is preferably present therein in an amount of 10 mg. to 1 g. per mole of silver halide.
• N-vinylpyr rolidone polymer When present in the developing bath the N-vinylpyr rolidone polymer is preferably contained therein in an amount of 10 mg. to 10g. per litre.
• the N-vinyLZ-pyrrolidone polymer can be used in the photographic material in combination with spectral sensitizing agents and chemical sensitizing agents such as sulfur-containing compounds, e.g., allyl isothiocyanate, allyl thiourea of sodium thiosulphate, reducing wherein:
• each of R and R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl, an aralkyl, or an aryl radical, and R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl, a carboxyl or an alkoxy carbonyl group.
• the development was performed at 20 C. in a developing bath having the following composition:
• the developer containing said polycondensation product comprising oxyethylene units is marked in table 1 with P.
• the developer without that product isr narked with N.
• the speed is expressedmarually in respect of the blank which is given the value 100.
• the speed values compared are those corresponding with a density 3 above fog.
• the light-sensitive material was exposed through a continuous wedge and a glass screen by means ofa light source having Amount 01 polymer Gamma value Speed value (A,lB) per after a developing time 01- nl'ter a developing time 01- mo e of Light-sensitive silver ha- Devel- 2. 5 3 3. 5 4 2. 5 3 3. 5 4 material llde in mg. opcr min. min. min. min. min. min.
• sensitizing and stabilizing cad- 45 mium salts which may be used in the light-sensitive material as Amount Of n th d 1 er polymer Dot delmitio i after a we as 1n e eve op (A313) per development time 01- Other in redients such as hardenin a ents wettin a ents m0 9 of h g g g Light-sensitive silver ha- Devel- 2.5 3 3.5 4 ydrophilic colloids, latlces and plast1c1zers, can be 1ncor- 50 material lide in mg, mm. min, mm porated into the emulsion in the usual way.
• the aliphatic aldehyde or ketone bisulphite/hydroquinone 3 developer may further comprise the usual ingredients for a 1 1.5 1 1 lith-developer such as potassium bromide and alkali metal 1 1 5 1 5 borates and carbonates such as sodium carbonate.
• Process for developing a light-sensitive silver halide photographic material containing a negative silver halide emulsion layer of the lith type which comprises the step of developing said material in the presence of a N-vinyl-Z-pyrrolidone polymer by means of an aliphatic aldehydeor vinyl-2-pyrrolidone polymer homopolymer.
• N- vinyl-2-pyrrolidone polymer is a copolymer containing at least 50 percent of N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone units and recurring units selected from the group comprising vinyl acetate or sodium acrylate.
• the negative silver halide emulsion layer of the lith type is a silver chloride emulsion layer, a silver chlorobromide emulsion layer or a silver chlorobromoiodide emulsion layer the latter emulsion layers containing at most 50 mole percent of silver bromide and the silver iodide content of said emulsion layers not surpassing 1 mole percent.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
• Silver Salt Photography Or Processing Solution Therefor (AREA)
• Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
• Non-Silver Salt Photosensitive Materials And Non-Silver Salt Photography (AREA)

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Citations (3)

• 1966
  • 1966-09-19 GB GB41638/66A patent/GB1194334A/en not_active Expired
• 1967
  • 1967-09-18 NL NL6712723A patent/NL6712723A/xx unknown
  • 1967-09-18 DE DE1597478A patent/DE1597478C3/de not_active Expired
  • 1967-09-18 US US668686A patent/US3617284A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1967-09-18 US US668685A patent/US3615516A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
  • 1967-09-19 BE BE704028D patent/BE704028A/xx unknown

Patent Citations (3)

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