US3615375A - High-temperature oxidation and corrosion-resistant cobalt-base alloys - Google Patents
High-temperature oxidation and corrosion-resistant cobalt-base alloys Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3615375A US3615375A US1884A US3615375DA US3615375A US 3615375 A US3615375 A US 3615375A US 1884 A US1884 A US 1884A US 3615375D A US3615375D A US 3615375DA US 3615375 A US3615375 A US 3615375A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- cobalt
- corrosion
- chromium
- yttrium
- alloys
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 36
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 title abstract description 17
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 title abstract description 17
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 title description 10
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 title description 10
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 4
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910026551 ZrC Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- OTCHGXYCWNXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N [C].[Zr] Chemical compound [C].[Zr] OTCHGXYCWNXDOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010037660 Pyrexia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000000903 blocking effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006104 solid solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 up to 2% Chemical compound 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/07—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on cobalt
Definitions
- hightemperature oxidation and corrosion-resistant alloys having a percent by weight content of carbon 0.] to 0.7, chromium 24 to 35, tungsten 6 to 9, nickel 8.5 to 11.5, boron an effective amount of about 0.005 up to 0.05, zirconium 0.1 to 1.7, yttrium 0.03 to 1, iron up to 2 maximum as added with other alloying constituents, with the remainder cobalt except for incidental impurities such as sulfur and phosphorous both less than 0.04 percent, along with silicon, manganese, copper, titanium and the like which should be held to less than about 0.1 percent. It has been found that alloys having the above balanced composition are characterized by substantial increases in corrosion resistance at elevated temperatures, at the same time having improved physical characteristics such as high tensile and rupture strength and ductility.
- Nickel serves as a matrix stabilizer to maintain the FCC alloy matrix structure, and decreases the tendency toward'formation of embrittling stacking faults. Nickel fails in this role in lesser amounts than those set forth. Higher than prescribed amounts of nickel reduce the high-temperature strength and hot corrosion and oxidation resistance. Boron, which serves as a strengthener, results in embrittlement when used in excess due to the precipitation of metal 'borides at the alloy grain boundaries, and in poor high-temperature strength when used in too small amounts. lron, as pointed out above, is added with other alloying compounds and is not harmful up to the amount allowed, but when present in greater amounts than those prescribed reduces the strength and hot corrosion resistance of the final alloy. Zirconium serves as a strong carbide former, contributing to the high-temperature strength.
- ZrC and Cr C Yttrium is particularly critical to the hot corrosion resistance including both oxidation and corrosion caused by sodium, sulfur and the like.
- yttrium interacts during the oxidation process with the predominant (Ir- 0 oxide scale, enhancing its adherence to the underlying substrate as well as reducing Cr diffusion, therefore reducing oxidation kinetics.
- an alloy consisting of, by weight percent, carbon 0.5, chromium 29, tungsten 7, nickel l0, boron 0.01, iron 1, zirconium 1.5, and yttrium 0.15, the remainder being cobalt except for impurities such as Mn and Si, 01, and S and P, 0.04.
- example 2 there was prepared an alloy consisting essentially of, by weight percent, carbon 0.46, chromium 27.2, tungsten 6.7, nickel l0, boron 0.01 iron 0.71, zirconium 1.29, and yttrium 0.21, with the remainder essentially cobalt except for impurities such as titanium, manganese and silicon, which were present in amounts of less than 0.1 each.
- alloys which are suitable as materials of construction which combine superior high-temperature rupture stress with good resistance to hot corrosive influences.
- a cobalt base alloy characterized by good high-temperature strength, ductility, and corrosion resistance consisting essentially of about, by weight, carbon 0.1 to 0.7%, chromium 24 to 35%, tungsten 6 to 9%, nickel 8.5 to l 1.5%, boron an effective amount up to 0.5%, iron, up to 2%, zirconium 0.1 to
- a cobalt base alloy as in claim 1 consisting essentially of about, by weight, carbon 0.5%, chromium 29%, tungsten 7%, nickel 10%, boron 0.10%, iron 1%, zirconium 1.5%, yttrium 0.15%, with the remainder essentially cobalt except for impurities.
- a cobalt base alloy as in claim .1 consisting essentially of about, by weight, carbon 0.46%, chromium 27.2%, tungsten 6.7%, nickel 10%, boron 0.01%, iron 0.71%, zirconium 1.29%, yttrium 0.21%, with the remainder essentially cobalt except for impurities.
- a cobalt base alloy as in claim 1 consisting essentially of about, by weight, carbon 0.51%, chromium 28.3%, tungsten 7.23%, nickel 10%, boron 0.10%, iron 0.68%, zirconium 1.23%, yttrium 0.24%, with the remainder essentially cobalt except for impurities.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
- Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US188470A | 1970-01-09 | 1970-01-09 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3615375A true US3615375A (en) | 1971-10-26 |
Family
ID=21698271
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US1884A Expired - Lifetime US3615375A (en) | 1970-01-09 | 1970-01-09 | High-temperature oxidation and corrosion-resistant cobalt-base alloys |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3615375A (OSRAM) |
| CH (1) | CH551490A (OSRAM) |
| DE (1) | DE2100477C3 (OSRAM) |
| FR (1) | FR2075359A5 (OSRAM) |
| GB (1) | GB1309308A (OSRAM) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4152181A (en) * | 1977-12-27 | 1979-05-01 | United Technologies Corporation | Cobalt alloy heat treatment |
| US4247254A (en) * | 1978-12-22 | 1981-01-27 | General Electric Company | Turbomachinery blade with improved tip cap |
| US20050196277A1 (en) * | 2004-03-02 | 2005-09-08 | General Electric Company | Gas turbine bucket tip cap |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5437027A (en) * | 1977-08-27 | 1979-03-19 | Ngk Spark Plug Co | Nickel alloy for heat builddup body of preheating gasket |
-
1970
- 1970-01-09 US US1884A patent/US3615375A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1970-12-18 GB GB6013570A patent/GB1309308A/en not_active Expired
-
1971
- 1971-01-07 DE DE2100477A patent/DE2100477C3/de not_active Expired
- 1971-01-08 CH CH25571A patent/CH551490A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1971-01-08 FR FR7100546A patent/FR2075359A5/fr not_active Expired
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4152181A (en) * | 1977-12-27 | 1979-05-01 | United Technologies Corporation | Cobalt alloy heat treatment |
| US4247254A (en) * | 1978-12-22 | 1981-01-27 | General Electric Company | Turbomachinery blade with improved tip cap |
| US20050196277A1 (en) * | 2004-03-02 | 2005-09-08 | General Electric Company | Gas turbine bucket tip cap |
| GB2412144A (en) * | 2004-03-02 | 2005-09-21 | Gen Electric | Gas turbine bucket tip cap |
| US7001151B2 (en) | 2004-03-02 | 2006-02-21 | General Electric Company | Gas turbine bucket tip cap |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CH551490A (de) | 1974-07-15 |
| FR2075359A5 (OSRAM) | 1971-10-08 |
| GB1309308A (en) | 1973-03-07 |
| DE2100477B2 (de) | 1980-01-31 |
| DE2100477C3 (de) | 1980-09-25 |
| DE2100477A1 (de) | 1971-07-15 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| AS | Assignment |
Owner name: GREENWALD, JOAN K. (SURVIVING SPOUSE) Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:GREENWALD, JOAN K., EXECUTOR OF HERBERT GREENWALD, JR.;REEL/FRAME:004558/0478 Effective date: 19860524 |