US3601318A - Method and apparatus for continuous mixing of liquids - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for continuous mixing of liquids Download PDF

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Publication number
US3601318A
US3601318A US3601318DA US3601318A US 3601318 A US3601318 A US 3601318A US 3601318D A US3601318D A US 3601318DA US 3601318 A US3601318 A US 3601318A
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US
United States
Prior art keywords
bore
throat
liquid
process liquid
feed liquid
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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English (en)
Inventor
Albert Gehring
Max Kugler
Hans-Joachim Schultze
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Inventa AG fuer Forschung und Patentverwertung
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Inventa AG fuer Forschung und Patentverwertung
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Publication of US3601318A publication Critical patent/US3601318A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D201/00—Preparation, separation, purification or stabilisation of unsubstituted lactams
    • C07D201/02—Preparation of lactams
    • C07D201/04—Preparation of lactams from or via oximes by Beckmann rearrangement
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01F—MIXING, e.g. DISSOLVING, EMULSIFYING OR DISPERSING
    • B01F25/00—Flow mixers; Mixers for falling materials, e.g. solid particles
    • B01F25/30—Injector mixers
    • B01F25/31—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows
    • B01F25/314—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit
    • B01F25/3142—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit the conduit having a plurality of openings in the axial direction or in the circumferential direction
    • B01F25/31423—Injector mixers in conduits or tubes through which the main component flows wherein additional components are introduced at the circumference of the conduit the conduit having a plurality of openings in the axial direction or in the circumferential direction with a plurality of perforations in the circumferential direction only and covering the whole circumference
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00—Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8593—Systems
    • Y10T137/87571—Multiple inlet with single outlet
    • Y10T137/87587—Combining by aspiration
    • Y10T137/87619—With selectively operated flow control means in inlet
    • Y10T137/87627—Flow control means is located in aspirated fluid inlet

Definitions

  • the present invention is directed to an improved mixing device, more specifically, to a mixing device intended for use in situations in which precise control of the ratio of liquids is required and wherein turbulent flow is not feasible.
  • Jet mixers for mixing of two or more liquid phases have been known in the art. However, they all suffer from certain very important deficiencies.
  • Orifice and whirl mixers are also known in the art. These devices contain various inserts in the mixing tube which cause repeated deflection or velocity change of the liquids flowing. By virtue of causing these changes, the desired mixing is obtained. However, these devices often form stagnant zones wherein no appreciable mixing takes place. Furthermore, their capacity is quite limited due to the necessity to have certain fixed flow cross sections.
  • injector mixers also known in the art
  • the second liquid component or feed liquid is drawn into the main process liquid stream by passing it through a plurality of feed nozzles. These nozzles cause jet stream and develop the desired mixing.
  • only a slight mixing effect is obtained as the orifices tend to clog and cleaning is difiicult. Furthermore, where viscous liquids are being used, the amount of actual mixing is minimized.
  • a mechanical continuous mixer In an attempt to overcome these problems, a mechanical continuous mixer has been devised.
  • the feed liquid is introduced into the process liquid stream through a fairly wide opening.
  • a mechanical mixer such as a propeller
  • This type of device suffers from the same deficiencies as the orifices and whirl mixers. These devices operate on fixed flow cross sections and consequently if the ratio of feed liquid to process liquid is to vary then the mixing effect will vary with the relative velocities.
  • the purity of the lactam is indicated by the melting point, the permanganate index (PZ), the volatile base index (FBZ) and the so-called APHA index.
  • P2 is the time in seconds required to decolor 1 ml. of an n/ KMnO, solution, admixed to 100 ml. of a 1 percent aqueous lactam solution, to the hue of an equal quantity of reference solution.
  • the reference solution is produced by dissolving 3 g. of CoCl 6H O and 2 g. of CuSO 5H O in l l. of water.
  • the FBZ is determined by distilling from a solution of 20 g. of lactam in 200 ml. of In NaOH, 100 ml.
  • n/lO acid determined by back titration and equivalent to the bases distilled over, in milliliter, represents the volatile base index.
  • the APHA index is determined by comparison of a 40 percent aqueous lactam solution with the dilution series of a standard solution.
  • the standard solution contains 1.245 g. of chlorplatinate K PtCl and l g. of cobalt chloride in l l. of water and corresponds to 500 APHA units.
  • the single FIGURE is a cross section device.
  • Pipe 1 is provided with bore 2 through which the process liquid flows. As shown in the Figure, the flow is fromright to left. Bore 2 is provided with a downstream portion 12 which flares out at a first angle B with the axis of the bore. In addition, in the preferred form of the invention the upstream side of the bore also flares providing a Venturi effect in the process liquid stream.
  • Throat l0 constitutes a constriction in bore 2 at which feed nozzles 7 are located.
  • Nozzles 7 open into bore 2 at openings 8 and connect at their other end with annular chamber 6.
  • the feed liquid is introduced into chamber 6 and is jetted into the main stream of the process liquid at a velocity of at least twice the velocity of the process liquid stream and preferably up to fifteen times the velocity of the process liquid stream.
  • Nozzles 7 are generally cylindrical in cross section and the axis of the cylinder is arranged at a second angle A with the axis of the bore upstream of nozzles 7.
  • Angle A (the second angle) is from 30-90 and is preferably between 30 and 75.
  • Angle B the first angle is up to about l5and preferably from 3 to 15.
  • each nozzle 7 a closure is provided on each nozzle 7.
  • the closure consists of conical tip 5 which is complementary in shape to nozzle 7.
  • Tip 5 is mounted on valve stem 4 which in turn is threaded into valve body 3. Rotation of valve stem 4 in one direction causes conical tip 5 to advance from the open position (shown in the upper portion of the Figure) to the closed position (shown in the lower portion of the Figure).
  • the rate of flow of feed liquid can be controlled by a suitable adjustment of the positron of conical tip 5 relative to nozzle 7.
  • the feed liquid is supplied to annular chamber 6 via inlet 13 which is connected to a source of pressure in order to cause the desired flow of feed liquid.
  • the device as described herein has no stagnant areas of liquid flow and desired thorough and intimate mixing is possible without the necessity of developing any turbulence or flow eddies.
  • the nozzles are easy to clean should they begin to clog simply by advancing the conical tips into nozzles 7 whereby any encrustations are cleared. This cleaning can be carried out without the necessity of shutting down the apparatus or interrupting the flow for more than a fraction of a second.
  • Apparatus for admixture of a feed liquid to a process liquid at least one of which is of high viscosity comprising a pipe having a generally cylindrical bore, said process liquid flowing in said pipe, a throat in said bore, a portion of said bore downstream of and adjacent to said throat being wider than said throat and forming a first angle between said portion and the axis of said bore up to about 15, a plurality of feed nozzles for injection of said feed liquid disposed in said pipe, said nozzles being positioned around the periphery of said pipe and extending between a source of said feed liquid and said bore, said nozzles opening into said bore at said throat and being generally cylindrical in cross section, the axis of any of said nozzles forming a second angle with a portion of the axis of said bore upstream of said nozzle of between 30 to 75, whereby said feed liquid is injected through said nozzles and mixed with said process liquid, the axes of all said nozzles crossing the centerline of said bore at a point adjacent the
  • Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said source of feed liquid comprises an annular chamber in said pipe and adjacent said throat.
  • Apparatus according to claim 1 wherein there is provided means for injecting said feed liquid at a velocity greater than twice the velocity of said process liquid.
  • a method for admixture of eed liqui to a process liquid comprising flowing said process liquid along a predetermined substantially straight path, providing a throat in said path, providing a widening portion of said path downstream of said throat, providing a plurality of entrance paths for said feed liquid into said process liquid and selectively feeding said feed liquid through less than all of said entrance paths into said process liquid at said throat at an entry angle of 30 to to the upstream portion of said process liquid, said feed liquid being injected at a velocity of at least twice the velocity of said process liquid, said process liquid and said feed liquid forming a stream downstream of said throat, permitting said stream to widen at an exit angle of up to about 15 with the center line of said process liquid.
  • a method according to claim 9, wherein the velocity of said feed liquid is from 2 to 15 times the velocity of said process liquid.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
US3601318D 1968-04-11 1969-04-03 Method and apparatus for continuous mixing of liquids Expired - Lifetime US3601318A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH550468A CH519448A (de) 1968-04-11 1968-04-11 Mischvorrichtung

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3601318A true US3601318A (en) 1971-08-24

Family

ID=4294718

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US3601318D Expired - Lifetime US3601318A (en) 1968-04-11 1969-04-03 Method and apparatus for continuous mixing of liquids

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US3601318A (fr)
JP (1) JPS5427579B1 (fr)
BE (1) BE731358A (fr)
CH (1) CH519448A (fr)
ES (1) ES379889A1 (fr)
FR (1) FR2006073A6 (fr)
GB (1) GB1240756A (fr)
NL (2) NL6905456A (fr)

Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3885629A (en) * 1971-08-05 1975-05-27 Brian Richard Erb Method and assembly for controlling blow-outs in oil wells
US3887165A (en) * 1970-12-17 1975-06-03 Earl Clayton Thompson Watering valve for animals
US3951167A (en) * 1974-12-05 1976-04-20 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Fluid handling assembly
WO1981002687A1 (fr) * 1980-03-14 1981-10-01 J Gallagher Emulsifieur "eau dans l'huile" et systeme a bruleur comprenant un tel emulsifieur
US4383646A (en) * 1980-11-19 1983-05-17 Smith Fergus S Snow making nozzle
US4416610A (en) * 1980-03-14 1983-11-22 Hydroil, Inc. Water-in-oil emulsifier and oil-burner boiler system incorporating such emulsifier
US5071068A (en) * 1987-02-28 1991-12-10 Hirt Combustion Engineers Ltd. Atomizer
US5246163A (en) * 1990-06-20 1993-09-21 Toagosei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Method of applying quick setting spray materials
US5913324A (en) * 1996-10-23 1999-06-22 Sulzer Chemtech Ag Apparatus for injecting additives into a flow of a highly viscous liquid
US5935425A (en) * 1996-09-05 1999-08-10 Sortwell & Co. Centrifuge with rotatable scroll and means to mix flocculant with feed slurry
US20030021182A1 (en) * 2000-01-25 2003-01-30 Illy Fabien S. Mixer for mixing a secondary gas into a primary gas
EP2883601A1 (fr) 2013-12-16 2015-06-17 China Petrochemical Development Corporation, Taipei (Taiwan) Dispositif de mélange de fluides
WO2023239658A3 (fr) * 2022-06-06 2024-01-18 Sensia Netherlands B.V. Buse à jet basse pression et motif de jet optimisé pour mélanger eau de traitement dans du pétrole brut

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1022977B (it) * 1974-10-17 1978-04-20 Figli Spa Procedimento e apparecchiatura per la omogeneizzazione di liquidi
CA1137076A (fr) * 1978-12-13 1982-12-07 John R. Bauer Systeme melangeur par vaporisation de liquides a reaction chimique reciproque
GB8710733D0 (en) * 1987-05-06 1987-09-09 British Aerospace Jet pumps
DE3843543C2 (de) * 1988-12-23 2000-11-23 Thyssen Gas Verfahren zur Redukton von in Rauchgasen von Feuerungsanlagen enthaltenen Stickoxiden
WO1991000139A1 (fr) * 1989-06-30 1991-01-10 Nauchno-Proizvodstvennaya Assotsiatsia 'transsonik' Dispositif de preparation d'emulsions
WO1991011238A1 (fr) * 1990-02-02 1991-08-08 Sports Marine International Pty. Ltd. Distillation sous vide a l'aide d'un appareil d'aspiration
DE19700462C2 (de) * 1997-01-09 1999-07-01 Guenther Schwald Statischer Mischer
DE19729110A1 (de) * 1997-07-08 1999-01-14 Wilhelm Haase Anlage und Verfahren zum kontinuierlichen Einfärben von flüssigen Medien
DE19738870A1 (de) * 1997-09-05 1999-03-18 Bayer Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen Vermischung einer Tröpfchendispersion mit einer Flüssigkeit
BRPI0410604A (pt) * 2003-05-23 2006-06-20 Dsm Ip Assets Bv processo para a preparação de caprolactama

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2270637A (en) * 1940-10-18 1942-01-20 Joseph F Komar Liquid fuel burner
US2574003A (en) * 1947-04-01 1951-11-06 Jr Robert L Wymer Spray nozzle
US2910248A (en) * 1957-01-22 1959-10-27 Kemax Corp Spray gun
US2965312A (en) * 1955-07-12 1960-12-20 Hale Loren Spray gun
US3419082A (en) * 1967-03-16 1968-12-31 Bliss E W Co Portable foam nozzle

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2270637A (en) * 1940-10-18 1942-01-20 Joseph F Komar Liquid fuel burner
US2574003A (en) * 1947-04-01 1951-11-06 Jr Robert L Wymer Spray nozzle
US2965312A (en) * 1955-07-12 1960-12-20 Hale Loren Spray gun
US2910248A (en) * 1957-01-22 1959-10-27 Kemax Corp Spray gun
US3419082A (en) * 1967-03-16 1968-12-31 Bliss E W Co Portable foam nozzle

Cited By (15)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3887165A (en) * 1970-12-17 1975-06-03 Earl Clayton Thompson Watering valve for animals
US3885629A (en) * 1971-08-05 1975-05-27 Brian Richard Erb Method and assembly for controlling blow-outs in oil wells
US3951167A (en) * 1974-12-05 1976-04-20 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Fluid handling assembly
US4416610A (en) * 1980-03-14 1983-11-22 Hydroil, Inc. Water-in-oil emulsifier and oil-burner boiler system incorporating such emulsifier
US4344752A (en) * 1980-03-14 1982-08-17 The Trane Company Water-in-oil emulsifier and oil-burner boiler system incorporating such emulsifier
WO1981002687A1 (fr) * 1980-03-14 1981-10-01 J Gallagher Emulsifieur "eau dans l'huile" et systeme a bruleur comprenant un tel emulsifieur
US4383646A (en) * 1980-11-19 1983-05-17 Smith Fergus S Snow making nozzle
US5071068A (en) * 1987-02-28 1991-12-10 Hirt Combustion Engineers Ltd. Atomizer
US5246163A (en) * 1990-06-20 1993-09-21 Toagosei Chemical Industry Co., Ltd. Method of applying quick setting spray materials
US5935425A (en) * 1996-09-05 1999-08-10 Sortwell & Co. Centrifuge with rotatable scroll and means to mix flocculant with feed slurry
US5913324A (en) * 1996-10-23 1999-06-22 Sulzer Chemtech Ag Apparatus for injecting additives into a flow of a highly viscous liquid
US20030021182A1 (en) * 2000-01-25 2003-01-30 Illy Fabien S. Mixer for mixing a secondary gas into a primary gas
EP2883601A1 (fr) 2013-12-16 2015-06-17 China Petrochemical Development Corporation, Taipei (Taiwan) Dispositif de mélange de fluides
US9486760B2 (en) 2013-12-16 2016-11-08 China Petrochemical Development Corporation Fluid mixing device
WO2023239658A3 (fr) * 2022-06-06 2024-01-18 Sensia Netherlands B.V. Buse à jet basse pression et motif de jet optimisé pour mélanger eau de traitement dans du pétrole brut

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1240756A (en) 1971-07-28
ES379889A1 (es) 1972-09-16
NL7515196A (nl) 1976-04-29
CH519448A (de) 1972-02-29
FR2006073A6 (fr) 1969-12-19
NL6905456A (fr) 1969-10-14
BE731358A (fr) 1969-09-15
JPS5427579B1 (fr) 1979-09-11

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