US3596997A - Machine for excavating galleries - Google Patents

Machine for excavating galleries Download PDF

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Publication number
US3596997A
US3596997A US824140A US3596997DA US3596997A US 3596997 A US3596997 A US 3596997A US 824140 A US824140 A US 824140A US 3596997D A US3596997D A US 3596997DA US 3596997 A US3596997 A US 3596997A
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United States
Prior art keywords
axis
transverse
machine
rotation
parallel
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US824140A
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English (en)
Inventor
Alfred Valantin
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Charbonnages de France CDF
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Charbonnages de France CDF
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
    • E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
    • E21D9/10—Making by using boring or cutting machines
    • E21D9/1006—Making by using boring or cutting machines with rotary cutting tools
    • E21D9/1013—Making by using boring or cutting machines with rotary cutting tools on a tool-carrier supported by a movable boom
    • E21D9/1033—Making by using boring or cutting machines with rotary cutting tools on a tool-carrier supported by a movable boom by a transversely extending boom being pivotable about a longitudinal axis

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT A machine for excavating galleries or levels in mines by means ofa cutting head which is arranged in such manner that it cuts out, in the wall to be mined, grooves in which the outlines on a vertical plane are parallel in pairs but always perpendicular to the flat wall and cut this latter along successive flat vertical surfaces.
  • the cutting head is consequently formed by two parallel discs provided with picks driven in rotation by a shaft at right angles to the axis of the gallery and carried by a disc-carrier head which is orientable with respect to a longitudinal axis parallel to the axis of the gallery.
  • the present invention has for its object a machine intended for excavating galleries or levels in mines of all types, by means of a rotating tool which works frontally on the end wall of the gallery to be excavated.
  • Machines of this type known at the present time are equipped with tools which break up with picks the entire volume to be cut during the course of one pass, which necessitates the provision of very large power.
  • the Applicant has found that in order to break up a certain volume with a minimum of ground effectively detached by the picks, it is only necessary to arrange the picks on the periphery of the rotating tool in groups of at least three picks, the points of which are separated from each other by a distance substan tially equal to the width of one pick, the various groups of picks being separated by a distance which is at most equal to the height of the hollow space existing between each group of picks.
  • the machine according to the present invention utilizes a cutting head provided with picks distributed in the manner described above.
  • the cutting head of the machine according to the invention is arranged in such manner that it cuts out, in the wall to be mined, grooves in which the outlines on a vertical plane are parallel in pairs but always perpendicular to the flat wall and cut this latter along successive flat vertical surfaces.
  • the machine according to the invention comprises, in combination:
  • a cutting head formed by two parallel discs provided with picks driven in rotation by a shaft having a transverse axis" at right angles to the axis of the gallery to be excavated, and carried by a disc-carrier head which is orientatable with respect to a longitudinal axis parallel to the axis of the gallery to be excavated, the distance between the discs being at most equal to the radial distance separating the points of the picks from the free extremity of the said disc-carrier head;
  • the cutting head is carried by a part of the machine which is capable of sliding longitudinally with respect to the remainder of the machine;
  • the machine is provided with means for immobilizing it, at
  • the machine is provided with means for evacuating the products mined by the cutting head.
  • the means for immobilizing the machine are constituted by:
  • the sliding portion of the machine is provided with a trunnion having its axis parallel to the axis of the gallery to be excavated, on which can pivot a first transverse arm at right angles to the axis of the trunnion, a second arm being articulated on the free extremity of the said first arm, the cutting head being carried by a shaft having its longitudinal axis parallel to the axis of the trunnion and located at the free extremity of the said second arm, the distance separating the longitudinal axis from the axis of the articulation being at least equal to the distance separating the articulation axis from the axis of the trunnion, reduced by the distance separating the two discs.
  • the means for orientating the transverse axis of the cutting head and for keeping it parallel to itself are constituted by:
  • a driving pulley pivoted on the trunnion and capable of being locked with respect to the trunnion and free for rotation with respect to the first transverse arm;
  • a driven pulley coupled for rotation to the cutting head, and free for rotation with respect to the second transverse arm;
  • Two synchronization chains one winding on the driving pulley and on one of the intermediate pulleys, the other winding on the driven pulley and on the other intermediate pulley.
  • the means for causing the longitudinal axis to describe planes parallel to each other and perpendicular to the direction of the transverse axis are constituted:
  • the invention also relates to a method of cutting end sections of galleries to be excavated, the said method consisting:
  • the depth of cut during the course of the two stages being equal to the distance separating the two discs.
  • the depth of cut during the course of the second stage is equal to twice the distance separating the two discs.
  • FIG. 1 is a partial side view of the cutting head
  • FIG. 2 is a view of the head looking from above;
  • FIG. 3 is a diagrammatic representation of the outlines left by the discs on the end of the gallery
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 are explanatory diagrams of the method of working of the cutting head during the first stage of the method of mining according to the invention
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 are explanatory diagrams of the method of working of the cutting head during the course of the second stage of the method of mining according to the invention.
  • FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram similar to that of FIG. 7 of I the preferred method of working of the cutting head during the course of the second stage of the method of cutting according to the invention
  • FIG. 9 shows a method of notching the end of a gallery having a polygonal section of any kind
  • FIG. 10 is an isometric perspective view of a form of construction of the machine according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 11 and 12 are two partial views, taken along two directions at right angles, of a part of the machine shown in FIG. 10;
  • FIGS. 13, 14 and 15 represent a version according to the form of embodiment, shown respectively from the rear, from the side and from above.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 respectively represent in diagrammatic Iongitudinal section and in plan view, the cutting head fitted on the machine according to the invention.
  • the cutting head is composed of two parallel discs 2 and 3, provided at their peripheries with cutting picks 4 and fast for rotation with a transverse shaft 5 having an axis X-X' located at the extremity of a disc-carrying head 6, the shaft being driven in rotation about X-X' by means (not shown) to which reference will be made later.
  • the disc-carrier head 6 is orientatable about an axis Y-Y' parallel to the axis of the gallery to be cut and at right angles to X-X.
  • the plane of symmetry of the cutting head contains the axis Y-Y'.
  • the axis Y-Y' can be displaced with respect to the plane of symmetry of the cutting head, while remaining parallel to this latter.
  • the distance h separating two discs 2 and 3 is chosen to be at most equal to the distance separating the extremities of the picks 4 from the free extremity of the casing of the disc-carrier head
  • the machine is further characterized in that, for a given orientation of the axis X-X' (see FIG. 3):
  • axis Y-Y' may be caused to be displaced parallel to itself in a series of planes parallel to each other and at right angles to the direction of the axis X-X', these planes forming parallel rectilinear outlines on the wall to be cut (end wall ofthe gallery).
  • the orientation, vertical for example, of the axis X-X is first fixed (see FIG. 4).
  • the cutting head being placed in a comer of the section of the wall to be cut, the discs are forced inwards to a depth which is almost equal to h so that the casing of the disc-carrier head is level with the wall to be cut (see FIG. 5).
  • the axis Y-Y is caused to describe a series of parallel horizontal planes separated from each other by a distance substantially equal to 2 h. It follows that the discs 2 and 3 form a family of grooves 3 parallel to each other and equidistant by h.
  • the orientation of the axis X-X' is fixed perpendicular to the preceding position, that is to say horizontal in the case described, the discs taking up the position shown in FIG. 6.
  • the axis Y-Y is caused to describe a series of vertical parallel planes separated from each other by a distance substantially equal to 2 h.
  • the wall to be cut during the course of the next following pass has a substantially flat surface.
  • the disc-carrier head 6 is inserted until it is level with the bottom of the said hole (see FIG. 8). It follows that, when the axis Y-Y' describes the vertical parallel planes:
  • the discs 2 and 3 cut vertical grooves 3' having a depth 2 h which is twice that of the horizontal grooves g cut by the discs during the course of the first stage;
  • the disc-carrier head bears laterally on the cubes thus cut out and causes them to be sheared off.
  • the wall to be cut during the course of the next following pass has the form of a substantially flat wall already cut by vertical grooves g having a depth h.
  • Means for driving in rotation the shaft 5 which drives the discs and of course means for displacing the machine as and when the gallery is excavated; means for immobilizing the machine during the course of a cutting pass, and also means for evacuating the cut products.
  • the machine comprises the following parts:
  • a platform 7 which can be displaced by any known means, for example by means of caterpillar tracks 8, supports a frame 9 which can move longitudinally with respect to the platform 7.
  • FIG. 10 which is a diagrammatic view of the machine intended to show the relative movements of the parts of this form of construction of the machine according to the invention, the frame 9 slides along two longitudinal slides 10.
  • the frame 9 is provided with a longitudinal trunnion 11 having an axis 2-2;
  • a first transverse arm 12, known in the text which follows as a coupling arm, is mounted free for rotation on the trunnion 11;
  • the disc-carrier head 6 of the cutting head 1 is coupled for rotation to a shaft 14 having its axis Y-Y parallel to the axis Z-Z' and located at the free extremity of the supporting arm.
  • the means for maintaining the direction of the axis X-X' of the cutting head parallel to itself irrespective of the movements of rotation of the coupling arm with respect to the trunnion 11 and independently of the movements of rotation of the supporting arm 13 with respect to the coupling arm I2, are advantageously constituted by (see FIGS. 11 and 12):
  • a driving pulley with an axis Z-Z' capable of rotating freely with respect to the coupling arm 12 but capable of receiving a movement of rotation with respect to the trunnion 11 and of being locked with respect to this latter;
  • a driven pulley 18 fast for rotation on the shaft 14 with its axis Y-Y' of the disc-carrier head 6, but free for rotation with respect to the supporting arm 13;
  • Two synchronizing chains 19 and 211 of which one is wound on the pair of pulleys 15 and 16 and the other on the pair of pulleys 17 and 1%.
  • the chain 19 drives the pulley 16 and the pulley 17 in a movement of rotation having an angle 0, about the axis W-W';
  • the chain 211 drives the pulley 1% and the axis X)(' in a movement of rotation through an angle Gabout the axis Y-Y'.
  • the axis X--)( has rotated through an angle equal to the relative angle through which have turned, on the one hand the driving pulley 15 with respect to the axis of the coupling arm 12, and on the other hand the pulleys 16 and 17 with respect to the supporting arm 13. It follows that, if the driving pulley 15 is locked for rotation on trunnion 11:
  • any rotation through an angle of 60f the coupling arm 12 with respect to the trunnion 11 is equivalent to a rotation through an angle 0 of the driving pulley 15 with respect to the axis of the coupling arm.
  • the direction of the axis X-X' is therefore compelled to follow at the same time a rotation through an angle +0 due to the movement of the coupling arm 12 and a rotation through an angle -0 imposed by the driving pulley.
  • the direction of the axis X-X remains unchanged.
  • the arm 12 and the arm 13 form a pair of scissors, the blades of which are at an angle 7, and in which the articulation of the axis W-W' can describe a circle, the center of which is the axis Z-Z' of the trunnion 11. It is known that in such an assembly it is possible to compel the free extremity of one of the arms to follow a straight line trajectory of any desired orientation, located inside a surface, the form and the extent of which depend on the relative dimensions of the arms, the extremity of the other arm being articulated on a point fixed in space.
  • jacks 21 and 22 in order to vary the value of the angle 'y, use may advantageously be made of two jacks 21 and 22, the pistons of which have convergent directions and are articulated on a wristpin or crankpin 23 fixed on a plate 2 1 having an axis W-W' and fast for rotation with the supporting arm 13, the body of each of the jacks being articulated on a fixed point 25', 26 of the coupling shaft 12.
  • the axis Y-Y remaining parallel to itself and to the axis Z-Z', describes a plane parallel to the axis Z-Z an perpendicular to the direction of the axis X-X.
  • the machine shown in FIGS. 13 to 15 differs slightly from that shown in FIG. 10 in that the sliding portion of the machine has the form of a cylindrical beam 9 sliding along a shaft arranged behind the platform, the arm 12 being coupled to the beam 9 in translation in the direction f and for rotation about 2-2..
  • immobilizing means which are preferably constituted by:
  • Expandable anchoring bolts 27 forces into the ground all round the platform 7, by any appropriate means (not shown);
  • a series of extensible jacks or crutches 23 permitting the platform 7 to be raised and the caterpillar tracks to be lifted off the ground;
  • Retractable jacks 29 which couple the platform 7 to the bolts 27.
  • the platform 7 is firmly secured to the ground by the conjoint operation of the crutches 28 and the jacks 29, acting in opposite directions.
  • the platform 7 being thus immobilized, it is only necessary to cause the frame 9 to move forward with respect to the plat form so as to drive the cutting head into the wall to be cut.
  • the distance separating the axis Y-Y from the axis W-W' should not be less than the distance separating the axis W-W' from the axis Z-Z reduced by the distance h separating the two discs. These two distances will preferably be equal.
  • hydromechanical system comprising two hydraulic jacks and a dog-clutch engagement system or free wheel coupled in rotation to the shaft 5.
  • a machine for excavating galleries in mines of all kinds by means of a rotating tool cutting frontally into the wall of the end of the gallery to be excavated comprising:
  • a cutting head constituted by two parallel discs, each provided with picks and driven by a shaft with a transverse axis at right angles to the axis of the gallery to be excavated;
  • the said driving shaft for the discs being carried by a disccarrier head which is orientatable with respect to a longitudinal axis parallel to the said axis of the gallery to be excavated;
  • the distance comprised between said discs being at most equal to the radial distance between the points of said picks and the free extremity of said disc-carrier head;
  • said sliding means carrying the cutting head comprise: a trunnion having its axis parallel to said axis of the gallery to be excavated and on which is pivotally mounted a first transverse coupling arm perpendicular to the axis of said trunnion; a second transverse supporting arm mounted on an articulation axis at the free extremity of said first coupling arm,
  • the cutting head being in turn carried by a shaft with its longitudinal axis parallel to said trunnion axis and located at the free extremity of said second supporting arm, the distance separating the longitudinal axis of said cutting arm from said articulation axis of the two transverse arms being at least equal to the distance separating said articulation axis from the axis of said trunnion, reduced by the distance between said two discs.
  • a driving pulley pivoting on said trunnion and adapted to be locked with respect to said trunnion and free for rotation with respect to said first transverse coupling arm;
  • a driven pulley coupled for rotation with said cutting head and free for rotation with respect to said second transverse supporting arm; and two synchronizing chains; one winding on said driving pulley and on one of said intermediate pulleys, the other on said driven pulley and on the other intermediate pulley.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Shovels (AREA)
  • Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
US824140A 1968-05-17 1969-05-13 Machine for excavating galleries Expired - Lifetime US3596997A (en)

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FR152304 1968-05-17

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US (1) US3596997A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
DE (1) DE1925156C3 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
FR (1) FR1578986A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)
GB (1) GB1251545A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow)

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3785705A (en) * 1972-09-20 1974-01-15 Constr Materials Inc Concrete median and curb sawing machine
DE2947466A1 (de) * 1978-12-04 1980-06-12 Zachry Co H B Grabenbagger
US4542940A (en) * 1978-12-04 1985-09-24 H. B. Zachry Co. Method and apparatus for cutting a trench through rock-like material
DE3523035A1 (de) * 1984-07-16 1986-03-20 Voest-Alpine Ag, Linz Einrichtung zum schraemen von ausbruechen mit im wesentlichen ebener abbaufront
US4662684A (en) * 1979-12-13 1987-05-05 H. B. Zachery Corporation Rotary rock and trench cutting saw
DE3835459A1 (de) * 1988-10-18 1990-04-19 Gewerk Eisenhuette Westfalia Einrichtung zum nachschneiden eines tunnelprofils, insbesondere von verkehrstunneln
AT390645B (de) * 1988-05-20 1990-06-11 Wimmer Alois Ing Hammerschwenkvorrichtung
US5087102A (en) * 1990-07-18 1992-02-11 Kiefer Heinz E Continuous mining machine
US20120313422A1 (en) * 2010-01-26 2012-12-13 Atlas Copco Craelius Ab Method and device for working rock
CN103448146A (zh) * 2012-05-30 2013-12-18 方莹 一种挖掘机改装成的圆盘锯石机
WO2019180164A1 (en) * 2018-03-23 2019-09-26 Element Six (Uk) Limited Cutting assembly

Families Citing this family (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT949150B (it) * 1971-02-22 1973-06-11 Soding J U Halbach Perforatore con almeno un rullo munito di vibratore eccentrico e procedimento per scaricare roccia particolarmente mante il perfora tore
DE2462542C3 (de) * 1974-08-05 1984-10-25 Gewerkschaft Eisenhütte Westfalia, 4670 Lünen Teilschnitt-Vortriebsmaschine für den Vortrieb von Tunneln, Stollen oder sonstigen Strecken
FR2344708A1 (fr) * 1976-03-17 1977-10-14 Legrand Marie Machine perfectionnee pour l'abattage de fronts courts dans les travaux de mines
DE2656703C2 (de) * 1976-12-15 1985-05-02 Gewerkschaft Eisenhütte Westfalia, 4670 Lünen Abbaumaschine
DE7807661U1 (de) * 1977-03-30 1978-07-27 Legrand, Marie Ghislain Joseph, Zolder (Belgien) Maschine fuer das graben von strecken, tunneln u.dgl. in weichem bis sehr harten gestein
FR2385889A1 (fr) * 1977-03-30 1978-10-27 Legrand Marie Machine perfectionnee pour le creusement de galeries et de tunnels dans les roches tendres a tres dures
GB2037844B (en) * 1978-12-15 1982-10-13 Coal Industry Patents Ltd Cutter unit assemblies for excavating machines and to excavating machines including cutter unit assemblies
FR2461806A1 (fr) * 1979-07-20 1981-02-06 Stephanois Constr Meca Machine de creusement comportant un bras muni d'un outil d'abattage et orientable
ZA842236B (en) * 1983-05-10 1984-11-28 Atlas Copco Ab Machine for boring non-circular tunnels
AT386051B (de) * 1985-01-29 1988-06-27 Voest Alpine Ag Streckenvortriebs- oder gewinnungsmaschine
GB2175329A (en) * 1985-05-21 1986-11-26 Coal Ind Excavating machines for forming tunnels and underground mine roadways
CH677953A5 (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) * 1987-03-11 1991-07-15 Bechem Hannelore
DE3801219A1 (de) * 1987-07-08 1989-01-19 Dosco Overseas Eng Ltd Ausbruchverfahren- und vorrichtung
EP0314263A1 (en) * 1987-10-28 1989-05-03 Fletcher, Sutcliffe, Wild Limited Mining method and apparatus
AU603431B2 (en) * 1987-10-28 1990-11-15 Dosco Overseas Engineering Ltd Apparatus for excavating a recess
RU2287059C1 (ru) * 2005-04-11 2006-11-10 Открытое акционерное общество "Копейский машиностроительный завод" Машина для нарезания щелей
GB202107150D0 (en) * 2021-05-19 2021-06-30 Element Six Uk Ltd Disc cutter

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US428951A (en) * 1890-05-27 richards
US800478A (en) * 1901-10-15 1905-09-26 Charles Otis Palmer Coal-cutting machine.
US970725A (en) * 1907-10-19 1910-09-20 Harry A Kuhn Method of mining coal.
US2517267A (en) * 1949-03-07 1950-08-01 George C Watson Attachment for the cutter bars of mining machines

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US428951A (en) * 1890-05-27 richards
US800478A (en) * 1901-10-15 1905-09-26 Charles Otis Palmer Coal-cutting machine.
US970725A (en) * 1907-10-19 1910-09-20 Harry A Kuhn Method of mining coal.
US2517267A (en) * 1949-03-07 1950-08-01 George C Watson Attachment for the cutter bars of mining machines

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3785705A (en) * 1972-09-20 1974-01-15 Constr Materials Inc Concrete median and curb sawing machine
DE2947466A1 (de) * 1978-12-04 1980-06-12 Zachry Co H B Grabenbagger
US4230372A (en) * 1978-12-04 1980-10-28 H. B. Zachry Company Dual rock cutter wheel trencher
US4542940A (en) * 1978-12-04 1985-09-24 H. B. Zachry Co. Method and apparatus for cutting a trench through rock-like material
US4662684A (en) * 1979-12-13 1987-05-05 H. B. Zachery Corporation Rotary rock and trench cutting saw
DE3523035A1 (de) * 1984-07-16 1986-03-20 Voest-Alpine Ag, Linz Einrichtung zum schraemen von ausbruechen mit im wesentlichen ebener abbaufront
US5111888A (en) * 1988-05-20 1992-05-12 Alois Wimmer Hammer-swinging mechanism
AT390645B (de) * 1988-05-20 1990-06-11 Wimmer Alois Ing Hammerschwenkvorrichtung
DE3835459A1 (de) * 1988-10-18 1990-04-19 Gewerk Eisenhuette Westfalia Einrichtung zum nachschneiden eines tunnelprofils, insbesondere von verkehrstunneln
US5087102A (en) * 1990-07-18 1992-02-11 Kiefer Heinz E Continuous mining machine
US20120313422A1 (en) * 2010-01-26 2012-12-13 Atlas Copco Craelius Ab Method and device for working rock
US8950823B2 (en) * 2010-01-26 2015-02-10 Atlas Copco Craelius Ab Method and device for working rock
EP2529081A4 (en) * 2010-01-26 2018-01-03 Atlas Copco Craelius AB Method and device for working rock
CN103448146A (zh) * 2012-05-30 2013-12-18 方莹 一种挖掘机改装成的圆盘锯石机
WO2019180164A1 (en) * 2018-03-23 2019-09-26 Element Six (Uk) Limited Cutting assembly
JP2021516738A (ja) * 2018-03-23 2021-07-08 エレメント、シックス、（ユーケー）、リミテッドＥｌｅｍｅｎｔ Ｓｉｘ （Ｕｋ） Ｌｉｍｉｔｅｄ 切削アセンブリ

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE1925156C3 (de) 1979-03-22
DE1925156B2 (de) 1978-07-13
GB1251545A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1971-10-27
FR1578986A (enrdf_load_stackoverflow) 1969-08-22
DE1925156A1 (de) 1969-11-27

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